高考英语一轮复习——情态动词(附答案)

高考英语一轮复习——情态动词（附答案）

I. 考点分析

1. 情态动词有can , may , must , have to ,ought to , should ,need ,dare, used , had better ,would rather 等，可表示命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、需要、敢于等情态。

2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。Must , should , had better , would rather , 与ought to 没有时态的变化，只有一个形式。

3. 情态动词本身有词义，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，但因为词义不完全，所以不能单独用作谓语，必须和不带to 的不定式一起构成合成谓语。

4. 有些情态动词有过去式：can----could dare----dared may----might

5. 情态动词的否定式，一般是在情态动词后+not，如can not.也有例外：have not to , ought not to, had better not ,would rather not. used to有两种否定形式：used not to , didn’t use to,后者用的较多。

6. 注意情态动词+不定式的完成式的用法。这种结构表示过去发生的动作或状态。

Must + have +done ：表示对过去情况的一种肯定的推测与判断

May(might) + have + done：表示对已发生的事情的不太肯定的推测。might比may语气弱，表示把握更小。

Should(ought to)+ have + done：肯定句表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生；否定句表示不该发生的事却发生了。

Could + have + done：有时表示过去的时间，说明某事可能已发生，有时也表示过去本来可以作的事却未作。

Needn’t + have + done：表示本不必做的事却做了。

7. 情态动词也可以和动词的进行形式构成谓语，表示应当正在作某事，或想必正在作某事或既将、将要做某事。

You oughtn’t to be talking so much. He can’t be swimming all day.

8. 情态动词也可和动词的完成进行式构成谓语，表示应当一直在做某事或想必一直在做某事。

You must have been overdoing things a bit.

You should have been waiting for us.

下面介绍几个重要的情态动词的用法：

1．Can

a. 表示能力：Two eyes can see more than one.

b. 表示客观可能性：A cracked bell can never sound well.

c. 表示允许：Can(May) I come in?

d. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中。

How can you be so careless! No, this can’t be true .

2．Could

a. 表示能力或可能性，作为can的过去式：She asked whether she could take the books out of the room.

b. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度：He couldn’t be over 50.

c. 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法：Could you lend me your dictionary?

d. 在虚拟条件句中构成谓语：I would help you if I could.

3．May

a. 询问或说明一件事可不可以做：May I trouble you with a question?

在回答时，应避免使用may 。May I smoke here? Yes, please. Please don’t. No, you mustn’t b. 表示一件事情或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在：A fool may give a wise man counsel.

在表示目的或让步的状语从句中构成谓语：Write to him at once so that he may know in time.

可用于表示祝愿。May that day come soon.

4．Might

a. 作为may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事：

He asked if he might glance through my album.

He was afraid they might not like the idea.

b. 代替may，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事：You might as well speak your mind.

c. 在表示目的等状语从句中构成谓语：He said he wouldn’t change his mind whatever they might say.注意当主句的谓语是过去时态时用might, 否则用may.

d. 在虚拟条件句的主句中构成谓语：If he were here, you might get some help from him.

5．Must

a. 表示必须要作的事，在回答由must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，要用needn’t 或don’t have to ，因为mustn’t是一定不要或不能的意思。

Must we send in our plan this week? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t

b. 表示一种揣测，只有在肯定句中能用。This must be your room. There must be a mistake.

c. 表示偏偏的意思。The car must break down just when we were about to start off.

6．Ought to

a. 表示应该做的事情，和should差不多，但口气要重一些。We ought to help each other in our work.

b. 表示非常可能的事。There is a fine sunset, it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.

7．Need

作情态动词，表示需要的意思，主要用于否定句或疑问句中.

We needn’t hurry. Need you go so soon?

作及物动词，和不定式连用，可用于各种结构。

Does he need to know it ? we need to unite with them.

The question needs to be discussed.

8．Dare

a. 用作情态动词，表示敢于，主要于疑问句，否定句及条件从句中。

Dare you go home alone? She daren’t even look out.

b.作及物动词，可跟不定式，用于各种结构。

The girl did not dare to go home. She stopped at the door, not daring to enter.

9. Shall

表禁止，命令，必须，允诺

You shall do as I say. He shall be punished.

用于第一人称或第三人称疑问句，表征求对方的意见。Shall I answer the telephone for you?

10.Should

表义务和必然

They should be home now.

用在名词从句中，表示说话人认为应该如此或难以相信。It is natural that she should fail.

用于虚拟语气将来时的if从句中，表“万一”的意思。If you should change your mind, please let us know.

11. Will

表意愿

She will help you if you ask.

表预测

The game will be finished by now.

Will do =be enough, be suitable, be fitting

These shoes won’t do for mountain-climbing.

12. Would

表意愿，比will 客气。

Would you please lend me your pen?

表过去不规则的习惯

Sometimes the students would play a trick on their teacher.

Would that =I wish that 表祈望，决心或意向。

Would that we had seen her before she died.

would(should ) like to +v; 愿…… would you like……?表请客之意。

I would like to have a cup of coffee.

Would you like to have lunch with me?

13. had better; had/would rather

a. had better +V 最好had /would rather + V 宁愿

b. 否定式为had better not, had/would rather not

You had better not go there.

c. would rather have +p.p.表过去时间的宁愿

had better have +p.p. 表过去时间的最好

You had better have visited her then.

I would rather have drunk ink than the strange mixture she gave me.

d. would rather that 表愿望的虚拟语气。

I would rather that you didn’t tell her.

II. 练习：

1. I wish I _____ longer this morning , but I had to get up and come to class.

A) could have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) have slept

2. This box is too heavy, _____ give me a hand?

A) would you mind B) would you please C) will you like to D) will you please to

3. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _____ during the day.

A) should have done B) would have done C) may have done D) must have done

4. We have been told that under no circumstances _____ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

A) did we use B) may we use C) we may use D) we could use

5. Some women _____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

A) would make B) must make C) could have made D) should have made

6. If you don’t like to swim, you _____ stay at home.

A) should as well B) may as well C) can as well D) would as well

III. 答案及详解

1. A) 题意：我真希望今天早上能多睡一会，但我不得不起床去上课。

解析：wish后接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。用过去式，表示现在发生的动作；用过去完成式，表示过去发生的动作。因此选A)。

2. B) 题意：这个箱子太重了，请你帮我一下好吗？

解析：表示礼貌地请求，只能用[B]。would you mind 后加动名词。

3. C) 题意：调查结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么，我们每晚都会作两小时的梦。

解析：表示可能已经做，只能用C)。

4. B) 题意：我们被告知无论在什么情况下都不能因私事而用办公室的电话。

解析：under no circumstances 决定了后面的句子应主谓倒装。由主句时态和句意理解，应选

B)。

5. C) 题意：有些妇女如果不待在家里本可以找到一份高薪的工作，但是她们决心为了家庭而不解析：

去工作。could have done 表示本可以作却没有作。

6. B) 题意：如果你不想去游泳，你还是呆在家里的好。

解析：may as well 表示还是……的好。