文学阅读与欣赏考前宝典(2010春)

文学阅读与欣赏考前宝典

亲爱的同学们;

期末考试马上就要临近了，面对厚厚的一本《文学阅读与欣赏》，你是否感到有些无所适从呢？请不要担心，如果你按照考试宝典的内容认真复习，一定会考出一个很好的成绩！

一如何复习

该课程学习的主线是课本。复习时，依据复习要点（focal points），把课本梳理一遍，是如何方法都替代不了的。考试内容有大多是出自课本的，熟悉课本是得高分的法宝。如果按教学平台里的“复习与自测”部分的要点，对照教材和面授辅导课的课程讲义，从头到尾地详细复习一篇，你的考试成绩肯定会是优良。

二复习参考

1 面授课上的考点梳理/ VoB 考前串讲

2 复习宝典的范围和要点。

3 论坛上的老师答疑

三考点串讲

1 考试题型

笔试分为五个部分，第一部分文学常识，占35分；第二部分诗歌/戏剧分析，占8分；第三部分莎士比亚作品理解，占12分；第四部分短篇小说分析，占25分；第五部分写作，为20分。考试时间总共120分钟，其中文学常识占25分钟，诗歌/戏剧分析部分占15分钟，莎士比亚作品理解部分占10分钟，短篇小说分析部分占30分钟，写作部分占40分钟。

2 试卷各部分详解

1）文学常识的第一部分是10个有关课本出现的文学概念、文学人物和作品的单项选择题。10个均是课本的重点或者基本常识，所以比较简单，而这部分得分也较好。大部分同学都在12分以上（满分20分），很多是16－20分。举例如下：

1. The poem “Ozymandias” is about a _________.

A. traveler

B. sculptor

C. writer

D. king

2. The story “A Horseman in the Sky” takes place in _________.

A. American Independence War

B. American Civil War

C. Colonial time

D. 20th century

3. The letter found by Kathleen in “The Demon Lover” was signed only using the letter_________.

A. K

B. P

C. V

D. J

4. “London” is a _________ by _________.

A. drama, William Cowper

B. drama, William Shakespeare

C. poem, William Blake

D. poem, William Wordsworth

5. When a pair of consecutive lines in a poem rhyme this is known as a_________ .

A. ballad

B. stanza

C. couplet

D. sonnet

6. A _________ character is created to represent the living symbol of one of the frequently reoccurring characteristics of human nature.

A. stock

B. round

C. flat

D. humorous

7. Four of Shakespeare?s well-known tragedies are _________.

A. Macbeth, Othello, King Lear and Wuthering Heights

B. Macbeth, the Merchant of Venice, Othello and King Lear

C. Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello and Wuthering Heights

D. Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello and King Lear

8. An accepted dramatic convention used in Shakespeare?s time where a character expresses his thoughts and feelings, while alone on a stage, is referred to as a

_________.

A. memorial

B. soliloquy

C. oration

D. setting

9. Robinson Crusoe is a story, first published in 1719. In the story, Robinson Crusoe is the major character and Friday is his _________.

A. enemy

B. boss

C. slave

D. colleague

10. It is important to realize that when the author writes a story, he creates “someone” to tell the story: that storyteller is called the “__________”.

A. writer

B. witness

C. character

D. narrator

Key: 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C

6. A

7. D

8. B

9. C 10. D

11.The Bennett family are characters in __________.

A.Gone With the Wind

B.Pride and Prejudice

C.The Importance of Being Ernest

D.Pygmalion

12The poem Xu Zhimo wrote is “Farewell to __________”.

E.Cambridge

F.Arms

G.Beijing

H.Freedom

13 Poetic licence is freedom to __________.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/891827296.html,e an other poet?s imagery

J.make political statements

https://www.360docs.net/doc/891827296.html,bine genres

L.break language rules

14E. M. Forster contrasts two types of characters, the “flat” and the “__________”.

M.deep

N.interesting

O.round

P.fat

15Adlestrop is a __________.

A.businessman

B.railway station

C.city

D.poet

16In Wuthering Heights the relationship between the houses and the characters is

__________.

A.mysterious

B.misleading

C.accidental

D.symbolic

17The character who speaks of “a sea of troubles” and “the Whips and Scornes of Time” is __________.

A.Hamlet

B.Macbeth

C.Jane Eyre

D.Shylock

18“Omniscient”, “I-witness”, “I-agent” and “Objective” are all examples of a narrator?s __________.

A.depth

https://www.360docs.net/doc/891827296.html,petence

C.reliability

D.point of view

19When events are arranged “first things first” they are portrayed __________.

A.chronologically

B.symbolically

C.incoherently

D.horizontally

20As the tension is resolved the plot comes to the __________.

A.climax

B.denouement

C.exposition

D.elaboration

Key: 11-20：

B AD

C B

D A D A B

第二部分是文学常识填空。一般是每句三空，有的是列举题，有的是考查某个具体文学作品的相关知识。这部分得分很差，反映出考生对文学常识能够认出来，但写出来有困难，也可以说对文学常识掌握得不够扎实。比如：Please list 3 types of literary genres d________, p_______, f________.

答案是drama，poetry，fiction

如果你写play, poem, story (or novel)也是可以接受的。

如下作为练习题。

1．We call Jane Eyre a r__________ character, since she has three dimensions as a person, and we see her change and develop. She is a plain-featured, empathetic, hard-working, and passionate girl. She works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, R________. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance.

答案是round, Rochester

2.Unit 6 details five different …points of view? that authors can employ when writing

narratives. Two of these are …Objective? and …I-agent,? the others are o_________, l_________ o _______and e_________.

答案是omniscient, limited omniscient, eyewitness

3.In Unit 8, three p_________ by Cowper, Wordsworth and Blake highlight

contrasting views of life in the t_________ and life in the c_________.

答案是poems, town, country

4.When the initial setting for a story occurs in the introduction, the literary term for

this is e_________. Following this there is a(n) e_________ of the plot where the

action develops into conflict causing a climax to be reached when these conflicts all reach a(n) c_________ point before an ultimate resolution occurs.

答案是exposition, elaboration, crisis

More exercises of this type:

1In the exposition of a plot, the four aspects of the story - …who?, w________, w_______ and w_______ are introduced.

2Shakespeare chose to make the three witches meet in the …thunder and lightning? in order to suggest a sense of d_______ and e__________.

3Dickens?s creation, the miser Scrooge, is an example of a/an a________ or s_________ character. Other examples could be …the wise advisor?or …the absent-minded professor?.

4The tone in which characters speak can indicate their a________, m_______, or m__________.

5Aphra Benn, Daniel Defoe and Blake all explore the idea of the …dark stranger? but from different points of view: the …dark stranger? as a n_______ s________, or as a n_______ s_________.

Key:

1.(1) when, (2) where, (3) what.

2.danger, evil. (Or any answer with this meaning)

3.archetype (or archetypal), stock

4.(Any three of these four) (1) attitudes, (2) manners, (3) mood, (4) the moral

outlook of the characters.

5.(1) noble savage, (2) natural slave

2) 戏剧或诗歌分析。这部分主要考查的是对课本中某段戏剧节选或对一篇诗歌的理解。如果是戏剧分析，5个简答题涉及主题、人物、情节等，如果是诗歌分析，5个简答题涉及主题、韵脚、诗歌形象、诗句的理解。只要对课本熟悉，这部分的得分能够在6分以上。

举例如下，请练习：

I.

Trees

I think that I shall never see

A poem lovely as a tree

A tree whose hungry mouth is prest

Against the earth?s sweet fl owing breast;

A tree that looks at God all day;

And lifts her leafy arms to pray;

A tree that may in Summer wear

A nest of robins in her hair;

Upon whose bosom snow has lain;

Who intimately lives with rain

Poems are made by fools like me,

But only God can make a tree.

Questions:

1. What is the rhyming scheme?

2. What is the name normally given to two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme?

3. Which figures of speech does line 3 employ?

4. What is the poet?s attitude towards trees?

Answers:

1. aa bb cc dd ee aa

2. couplet

3. personification

4. He adores the trees.

II.

An Irish Airman Foresees His Death

I know that I shall see my fate

Somewhere among the clouds above;

Those that I fight I do not hate,

Those that I guard I do not love;

My country is Kiltartan Cross,

My countrymen Kiltartan?s poor,

No likely end could bring them loss

Or leave them happier than before.

Nor law, nor duty bade me fight,

Nor public men, nor cheering crowds,

A lonely impulse of delight

Drove to this tumult in the clouds;

I balanced all, brought all to mind,

The years to come seemed waste of breath,

A waste of breath the years behind

In balance with this life, this death.

Questions:

1. What is the rhyming scheme?

2. What are themes of the poem?

3. What attitude does the poet seem to be expressing in the first half of his poem?

4. Identify the image that Yeats uses in the last few lines of the poem?

Answers:

1. abab cdcd efef ghgh

2. (Any one of these three) (1)War, (2) Death, (3) The futility of war.

3. (Any one of the following five)

acceptance of death;

exhilaration about the experience of war in the air;

indifference to the purpose of war;

indifference to the result of the war;

bitterness about the futility of the war;

4. Yeats uses …a waste of breath? as an image for both the future (…the years ahead? ) and the past(…the years behind)?. OR Yeats uses the image …a waste of breath? for any time other than the present when the fighter is facing death in the sky.

3)莎士比亚作品理解。这部分的要求是用自己的话解释节选中的句子或者对词语的解释。评分标准并未对语言有很高要求，只要求解释清句子即可。失分的原因是不能理解原文。比如OTHELLO中的一段Othello的台词：

True, I have married her:

The very head and front of my offending

Hath this extent, no more.

答案是：The only misdeed I am accused of is that I have married her.

Yes, I?ve married her. That?s the only accusation against me.

Yes, I?ve married her. That?s all the offending I have.

而很多考生只理解到marry这一信息，对其他莎士比亚时代的英语就不怎么理解了。莎士比亚作品在我们的教材中总共只有四篇，花点功夫看懂，应该能理解而且能够解释。

True, I have married her:

The very head and front of my offending

Hath this extent, no more.

A. The only wrong I have done.

B. The beginning of my offer.

C. The excuse I will have.

D. The very daughter I will marry.

答案是：A

这里把莎士比亚的作品用比较通俗的英语表达出来，希望帮助大家理解莎士比亚。

Hamlet (P 215)

To be or not to be—that is the Question; Whether it?s nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?

To live or to die, that is a question. Is it better to bear the bitterness of bad fate in the mind, or should people rise up to pick up weapons fighting against it and end so many troubles in one?s life?

To die, to sleep—No more; —and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to; …Tis a c onsummation Devoutly to be wished.

To die, to sleep, there will be no more existence. And if we can say that we end the trouble and the countless natural strikes that human beings are bound to suffer by a sleep, then a sleep or a death would be the perfect thing that we have seriously wished for.

To die, to sleep; To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, there?s the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There is the respect That makes calamity of so long life;

To sleep perhaps is to dream, that is where the trouble is. In the sleep of death, when we get rid of our physical bodies and free ourselves from these earthly troubles, what may come as our dreams must make us hesitate. It is with this very consideration that people would rather endure a life so long and so painful.

Othello (P328)

Othello: Most powerful, grave, and respected lords

my very noble and approved good masters,

that I have taken away this old man?s daughter, it is most true.

The only misdeed I am accused of is that I have married her.

I am unpolished in my speech, and little blessed with the soft phrase of

peace.

Since I was a child of seven, all my efforts have been concentrated on my

military profession, except for the last nine months.

I can speak little of this great world, no more than what belongs to battle field.

And therefore I shall help little my own cause forward in speaking for

myself.

Yet by your gracious patience, I will tell my love story plainly and simply. I

will tell how I won his daughter by what drugs, what charms, what

conjuration and what mighty magic, for I am charged with these for such

proceeding.

Brabantio: A maid who is never bold, who is so still and quiet of spirit that her motion blushed at itself, is to fall in love with what she feared to look on, in spite of

her nature, of her years, of her country, of her reputation, of everything.

To believe that love story is a judgment so deformed and totally imperfect

that it could accept that perfection could go wrong and go against all the rules

of nature. It must be the evil cleverness that drives the love to happen.

I therefore assert again, he worked on her with some mixtures which were

powerful over the blood or conjured to this effect with some magic potion. 4)短篇小说。这部分是整个卷子里唯一出自课外的，是8道问答题。主要考查的

也是基本的文学常识，涉及布景、主题、人物、情节、矛盾冲突等。前5题每题2分，后3题每题5分。从分数分布来看，前5题基本都是一句话或者一个短语简答即可，而后3题同学们要稍微展开来说。失分原因有：1）后三题答案过于简单；2）答案没有切中要害。从得分策略来说，建议同学们作答时尽量多说几句。

5)写作。这部分是人称变化和缩写的结合。有些同学不知道怎样才算是从要求的角度写，所以使用了第三人称。其实就是把自己当成文中的角色，然后讲个故事就行了。同时，把故事主要情节讲完整就可以了。太多的细节会超过字数限制。评分是从语言、内容和是否按照要求写作三方面来给整体分。所以，提醒同学们注意这三点。

最后预祝大家都能考出好成绩！