专八听力会话4大题型及解题技巧教学教材

第二周听力会话

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星期1 Monday 4大题型及解题技巧

纵观历年真题，会话的形式分为对话与访谈两类，近年来考试以访谈为主。访谈又可分为采访与面试。无论是对话、采访还是面试，试题按照考查内容划分可以分为四种题型：主旨题、细节题、推断题、观点态度题。

一、主旨题

主旨题主要考查考生对访谈或对话的主题（topic或main point）和访谈或对话的大意（main idea）的概括或判断能力。

这种题型考试中比例不是很大，此题型常见的提问方式有：

The interview mainly focus on

The main idea of this interview is

The interview is mainly about

From the conversation, we get the impression that

二、细节题

细节题主要针对对话或访谈中的某个细节提问。考查对于会话中所提及的多项具体信息的辨别能力和理解能力。

这类命题占到试题比例的80%左右。根据其具体考查方式的不同，又可以分为两种情况：

1．细节理解题

考查对交谈中某个表达或者说法的理解或阐释，或考查对话双方或被采访者所做某事的原因、过程、结果等细节的理解。提问方式有：

The interview says that … is

What …said means that

According to …,…means

【例2】（08-4）

2．细节辨认题

考查对话或访谈中提到三个或三个以上的事物的辨别能力，即某一细节或事实是否在对话双方或被采访的回答中被提及。问题为排除或者直接提问其中的一个，既要求对号入座。此类题型答案一般包含于原文之中。提问中的标志性词语是not，except。

三、推断题

推断题主要考查考生对对话重要细节的引申含义的理解，要求考生在理解原文所直接陈述的观点或事实的基础上，进行合乎逻辑的进一步推理，领悟作者的言外之意。

推断题是相对较难的一种题型，需要考生对一个或几个细节有深层次的理解。常见的提问方式有：

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

According to…, ….

It can be assumed/inferred from the interview…

四、观点态度题

观点态度题主要针对会话双方对所讨论的话题所表现的个人态度进行提问。要求考生根据对话者说话的语音、语调、语气以及谈话内容，判断出说话者对某人、某事或某物的态度及观点。

观点态度题在考试中所占比例也不是很大，题干中的标志性词语是attitude towards，选项多为表示观点态度的形容词，如：negative, positive, ambiguous, neutral, optimistic, pessimistic, indifferent, critical, disappointed, depressed, impartial等等。

【例5】（08-5）

【解题技巧】

1. In what general ways has the role of the American male changed?

[A] They earn more money than they used to.

[B] They are less sensitive today.

[C] They are more active in work.

[D] They take on more domestic roles.

2. Which of the following is NOT a way the role of men has changed?

[A] They take an active attitude towards housework.

[B] Most of them think men and women should have equal share in raising children.

[C] Some men take on most of his wife’s roles.

[D] Some men are raising children exclusively.

3. What does the man say is the main cause of this change?

[A] Unemployment.

[B] Job-related stress.

[C] Housework.

[D] Frequency of divorces.

4. According to the man, how do most fathers feel about their taking on women’ role?

[A] Most of them are willing to do this.

[B] Most of them feel reluctant to take on those jobs.

[C] Most of them do not want to openly express their love.

[D] Most of them like those jobs.

5. Which of the following is a problem caused by the changing role of men?

[A] A household brings in less money.

[B] Women spend less time with their children.

[C] Children are not well taken care of at home.

[D] Men have less leisure time.

Conversation

1. How many species could become extinct within a few years?

[A] 210.

[B] 110.

[C] 200.

[D] 105.

2. The buffalo were killed mainly

[A] for their meat.

[B] because of their large number.

[C] for ecological balance.

[D] for fun.

3. Which of the following is INCORRECT about passenger pigeons?

[A] Their number was once incredible.

[B] This kind of bird is big and heavy.

[C] Large number of them was killed mainly for meat.

[D] They were sold in big cities.

4. What is the focus the man wants to talk about?

[A] Causes of animal extinction.

[B] The protection of animals from being killed.

[C] Ways of banning illegal trade in ivory.

[D] Ways of keeping ecological balance.

5. What is the first reason that animals should be protected?

[A] Animals bring in economic income.

[B] Animals have as much right to live as humans.

[C] Animals provide meat.

[D] Animals keep nature in balance.

【听力原文】

W: For today’s show, I’d like to introduce our guest —Mr. Jameson —a sociologist who has just completed extensive research on the changing role of men in America today. Good afternoon, Mr. Jameson, and thank you for joining us.

M: Thank you, it’s nice to be here.

W: Can you give us an overall picture of how the … uh … role of the American man has changed? M: Well, that’s a big question … but I’d say the role has changed in many ways … uh … you can see it in movies and in television …in many ways that men are more willing to show their feelings now than they used to. For example, one of the most popular … popular movies …

Kramer v.s. Kramer showed men in a totally different role than you normally see … it showed

a man who was sensitive, who learned how to take care of his child … uh, men … it seems

that [1.D]men are no longer satisfied with merely bringing home the money for the family, but they want to take an active role in raising the family … uh … in other words … we don’t have the strong silent types as much anymore … [1.D]now the father is an active participant in the family.

W: Could you be more specific and tell us some of the ways the role of the father has changed? M: Well… uh… it’s changed in several ways. [2.A]One is in the attitude in one… in what they actually do… uh… let’s give an example with housework… more than 50% of men who were asked in several questionnaires… said that they were willing to share in the housework with their wives…that means that they were willing to help…uh…with the dishes…the they were willing to help clean the kitchen and…and do other roles that had…uh…been associated with women… and in fact [2.B]80% of men who have been surveyed… have said that they think that men as well as women should have equal share in the raising of the children.

W: Now… you said there was also a change in what men actually do.

M: Yes… not only do men agree that they should take a more active role in the family… but they are putting their beliefs in action. In fact, many men have actually taken over raising children. W: Well… what has caused this change?

M: Well… that’s a very good question… there are several causes… [3.B]I think one of the biggest causes is economic… uh… the fact that many women have entered the job market has forced men to take on roles that they didn’t have before… uh… you used to have the woman in the house… uh… doing all the housework… and the man who was doing all the … bringing in all the money… but now that the number of working women has tripled since… uh… World War II. [3.B]Now when you have these women working… you can’t expect them to come back after a long… after a day’s work. Another reason is that divorces have become so common now… this is of course… this is an unfortunate… uh… phenomenon, but the fact that there are so many divorces makes it necessary for some of the men to… uh… raise the children without a woman’s help… and therefore if the woman is not around… the man has to take care of these tasks… in fact… uh… [2.D]there are approximately one million children in the US being raised exclusively by fathers… now with this large number of mothers… uh…

working… and the large number of men taking care of the house alone… they have no choice but to take on some of what have traditionally been women’s roles.

W: And how do the fathers feel about this?

M: Well… uh… [4.A]most of the fathers who do share in these roles are quite positive about this.

They feel it helps them get to know their children better… so the fathers now are closer to their children… they try to play with the children more and this helps them understand their children… also they feel there’s much more love expressed if they’re always around able to help around in the family… they have time to express their love.

W: And how do the children feel?

M: Well... uh… many studies have shown that children who play with their… uh… fathers… and who are around them a lot are able to withstand stress better… uh… and are able to adapt to outsiders better. In other words… uh… strangers don’t scare them… and… in fact… studies have shown that they can even learn more easily.

W: That’s very interesting… but aren’t there any problems with the changing role of men?

M: Well, there are some problems… one is that men can’t take over in the home unless their

working world is made a little more flexible… many companies right now do not want to give vacations or leaves to working men who want to stay home and take care of their families…

the men feel they must give other excuses… they say that they’re going to write a book or something… they can’t say that they’re leaving to take care of their children… in other

words… the attitude of men in general has not changed to the point where it’s easy to leave and enter the work world for families… another reason is that [5.A]if men stay at home with their children… they cannot earn money outside… so the household as a whole brings in less money.

W: Well… thank you very much, Mr. Jameson, that was very interesting… and now for a message from our sponsor.

【答案解析】

W: What exactly is an endangered species?

M: Well, an endangered species is an animal that is in danger of becoming extinct.

W: How many species are in danger?

M: [1.A]There are about two hundred and ten species that we feel could become extinct within a few years if certain steps are not taken.

W: What kind of steps do you mean?

M: Let me give you an example with a somewhat happy ending. Right here in the US, huge buffalo weighing between one thousand and two thousand pounds each roamed the plains.

[2.B]There were probably about twenty million buffalo in the US in 1850, but they were so big

and numerous that they stopped trains when hey crossed the tracks. The railroad companies had them killed by the thousands. By 1889, there were only five hundred and fifty-one buffalo alive in the whole United States.

W: Why did you say that there was a happy ending? That doesn’t sound so happy to me.

M: Well, the US government started to protect buffalo, and there are now more than ten thousand alive in the US. That’s what I mean by a happy ending. They almost became extinct.

W: What about a sad ending? Could you give us an example?

M: Sure. The most famous example is probably the passenger pigeon, [3.A]which was so numerous that we have a hard time even imagining it. In 1808 an expert on birds named Alexander Wilson saw a large flock which he estimated contained more than two billion, two hundred and thirty million birds. In 1813, the famous John Audobon watched a flock that took three whole days to fly overhead. The flock was so thick that it actually blocked the sun, and the wings sounded like thunder.

W: That’s incredible. But if there were so many of these birds, how did they become extinct?

M: Well, men would knock them out of trees with poles or cut down their nesting places, kill them on the ground, or even choke them with burning sulfur.

W: But why did they want to do that?

M: [3.C]For meat mostly, hunters killed the pigeons and sent them by the millions to big cities.

[3.D]They sold for one or two cents each in New York and Chicago. Other people just killed

the birds for fun. But today that’s not the only reason animals are killed. Today animals are killed mainly for their skins or for their teeth. Let’s take the US… for example… about twelve million hides from wild animals are shipped to the US each year. In addition, one hundred and thirty million animal products from wild animals are imported each year. But that’s not the main problem. We cannot tell if an animal was killed illegally or not. It’s not our problem really.

W: What is the real problem?

M: [4.B]The real problem is how to prevent the animals from being killed in the first place. Kenya, for example, has spent millions trying to protect the elephant, but it’s difficult to protect an animal that’s carrying thirteen hundred dollars worth of ivory on its head. In addition, farmers in Kenya say that elephants ruin their crops. But endangered species should be protected fro two reasons. [5.B]The first is a moral one. Elephants have just as much a right to live as humans do.

W: And what about the other reason? What’s that?

M: The second is economic. Elephants, for example, bring a lot of tourists, and therefore money, into Kenya. India is an even better example. India has been exporting snakes and snake skins for years. As we all know, snakes are the main predators of mice and rats. Now that their main enemy, the snake, is being killed for its skin, the population of mice and rats has exploded. In fact, mice and rats eat 20% of India’s food. So you see, we have not only a moral but an economic reason to protect endangered species.

【答案解析】