英语四级阅读理解长难句分析技巧.

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阅读理解在英语四级考试中占得比重很大,想要取得较理想的成绩,那么需要掌握阅读技巧,加强练习,提高阅读能力。

1. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.

2. The emplyee posted abroad who sp eaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations,and can have the cultural insight to know when it it better to move more slowly.

其实,上面这两个句子,可以说明四级英语很多难句的构成。

1. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.

这句话是比较典型的“主谓分离型”,即主语和谓语分得很开,中间有一些限定主语的内容。这类句子的理解我在以前的博文中也提到过:开头的名词一般是句子的主语,当我们确定句子的主语后,就往后找独立存在的谓语动词。

在我们搞懂一个简单句如何变成一个复杂句的过程之前,我们需要先理解简单句变成复杂句的原因。我们举个例子来说明吧:

“书破了。”

这句话缺少一些信息,即到底是哪本书破了呢,没有限定说明;“书”是指哪一本书,是黄颜色的那本书,是刚买来的那本书,还是祖传的那本书呢?我们需要明确,给这本书更多的信息,让读者读个明白!

所以我们会把该句子补充完成为:“(……的书破了。”

汉语中喜欢把定于放在名词前,但是英语中一般会把相对长的定语放在名词后面,作为补充限定。所以,我们的结构就变成了“书(……破了”。

从刚才这个简单的举例中我们不难看出,很多时候,名词需要一个限定,以避免歧义。值得注意的是,定语从句限定名词一般比较明显,稍难的是短语限定。其实,短语限定可以看做是从句限定的简化,如同在名词后面加了一个括号:

我会写汉字(简体。

这句话中,“(简体”部分就好像是一个短语限定,说明汉字是繁体还是简体。当我们有把“短语限定”与“括号”作某种等同的意识,我们就会把很多理解句子的道理想通。

The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.

本句话中,主语The employee后面不着急出现谓语动词,作者想对这个主语名词进一步加以限定和补充说明。首先at the home office这个短语限定就好像是一个括号内的部分一样,告诉我们这位员工是在国内办公的员工;who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine这个部分由who引导,所以定语从句成分明显,告诉我们“这位在国内办公的员工,能够通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流”,显然,这些限定很好地说明了这位员工的背景:这位在国内办公但能通过电话或传真与国外客户很好交流的员工,对于公司而言,无疑是一笔财富。

这个句子要学会的是名词可以通过加限定成分传达更多的信息。限定名词的内容可以是一个完成的定语从句,也可以是一个类似括号功能的短语。

2. The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations,and can have the cultural insight to know when it it better to move more slowly.

本句子的基本结构是“The emplyee has an opportunity,and can have the cultural insight”,可以认为是一个主语做了两件事情:员工有一个机会,并且拥有文化洞察力。

但是看完这部分主干后,我们会明显感觉到:主语是怎样的员工并没有说明,拥有一个怎样的机会缺乏信息,拥有对什么东西的文化洞察力也缺少说明。因此,只就主干部分而言,传递的信息相当不足。所以作者做了以下改动:

(1对主语“employee”加限定:

The employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity.(被派往海外并(能说该国主要语言的员工拥有一个机会。

(2对宾语“opportunity”作限定:

opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations(加快某些谈判进程的机会。to fast-forward certain negotiations这个短语部分起到补充说明作用,类似括号的功能,说明机会的内涵。

(3对宾语“the cultural insight”作限定:

the cultural insight to know when it it better to move more slowly(知道什么时候

慢些会更好的文化洞察力。to know when it it better to move more slowly这个短语部分起到了补充说明的作用,也类似一个括号的功能,说明文化洞察力的内容。

分析了上面几个句子,可以发现,很多难句在区分好结构,短语部分以后,句子理解起来会容易许多。

声明:本文沪江英语原创内容,转载请注明出处。

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1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 2) 【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but 后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。 2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. (200 3. 阅读. 6. Text 3) 【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。 3. A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 4) 【译文】海德堡大学应用物理系正在研究的高水平新型隐形眼镜不仅能矫正普通的视力问题，还能把正常夜间视力提高五倍，使人的视力比猫还要敏锐。【析句】复合句。主句是A new high-performance contact lens will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision, 可以看出，主句的主干是not only...but(also)结构连接前后两个并列句，contanct lens后有几个介词短语点明了研究的地点。最后，making people's vision...是现在分词引导结果状语。

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及标准答案.

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.

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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四）十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller

历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析(一)

历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析阅读是四级英语中重要的得分点和难点，对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解，也是学习语法，积累高级词汇、句型不可或缺的来源。而四级英语真题阅读部分均选自Times、Telegraph等著名外文报纸及杂志，其行文和词汇原汁原味，值得考生细细品味和灵活借鉴。准备2015年6月英语四级的同学们，还等什么?赶快学起来吧! 历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（1） 1. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】除了早期漂洋过海的旅行者或靠海谋生的人之外，对大多数人来说，大海是遥远的，没有必要提出太多问题，更别说思考大海海底的东西了。【析句】复合句，本句主干为the sea was remote and there was little reason to...，and连接两个并列句子，两个句子之间又有with the exception of...作伴随状语，伴随状语中又包含who earned a living from the sea定语从句修饰others。最后是习惯let alone...,注意let alone后的动词形式与前面主句动词形式相同。 2. The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】当有人建议铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报光缆的时候，出于商业动机，人们才不得不首次回答这个问题“海底有什么东西”。【析句】本句话的难点在于主从句成分的区分。主句为The first time was when the laying...was proposed, when引导表语从句，而that question had to be answered with...则是定语从句修饰the first time。 3. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. (1990. 阅读. Text 1)

大学英语四级阅读理解试题

大学英语四级阅读理解试题 Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindnenss. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes,and even snowblindness,when exposed to several hours of "snow light" . The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow- covered , a man's eyes frequently find nothing to foucs on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of tsomething to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never sotp searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid coversthe eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obsured,and the result is total, even though temporary,snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are

大学英语四级阅读理解解题技巧知识讲解

大学英语四级阅读理解解题技巧

英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析

英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析英语四级阅读中有些长难句非常难理解，其实理解英语四级阅读长难句的最好方法就是学会分析句子的结构，下面一起来学习一下英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析，希望对各位有所帮助。 Exercise I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street. The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family. With rock,illusion of shared feelings, bodily contact and grunted formulas, which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech, are the basis of association. 要点：让步状语though not again at 10 Downing Street 被插入语she reminded me所分隔。而且该让步状语是一个省略的结构，全句应为though(it will) not(be)again at 10 Downing Street. 还应看出让步状语所转达的意思正是插入语的宾语所要转达的意思。she reminded me (it will not be again at 10 Downing Street)。省略和插入的使用使全句的意思得以很好地衔接连贯、结构紧凑，无多余的成分。参考译文：我打算不久和她在英国见面，不过她提醒我地点不再是唐宁街十号了。要点：此句话的主谓被很长一段定语成分所分隔，句子主干应是“The cessation...is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family”，由于主干中的is前没有逗号分开，而且前面又出现了一个is imminent，还由于同主语The cessation拉开的距离太远，所以不容易很快找到。When前面的部分如果不注意很容易错误地理解为一个句子，即“The cessation...means to prolong the life of body.”实际上means是个名词，意为“方法，手段”，不是动词“意味着”。而且means前面有个形容词extraordinary作定语，不可能是动词，尽管意思上说得通。when引导的状语从句里带了一个定语从句that biological death is imminent，它们一起插入了主语和谓语之间。把means错当动词和状语带定语的插入使得整句的结构复杂化了，致使主干句的主谓不容易看出来。参考译文：在有不可反驳的证据表明病人即将进入生理死亡时，停止采取非常措施来延长其生命应该由病人和(或)其直系亲属来作出决定。

高考英语阅读理解长难句分析练习________________________姓名

高考英语阅读理解长难句分析练习 I see the kindness every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. 按要求答题： 1 写出when 引导的从句的谓语___________ ____________ _____________ 2 将上面这句话译成中文: ______________________________________________ 3 根据上面这句话选择答案： I have discovered that people will feel happy when ______. A. They offer their help B. They receive others’help C. They feel others’kindness D. They show their weakness Key: 1 hold pour help

2 当人们每天为我开门，往我的咖啡里加奶油，帮我披上外衣时，我看到了他们的仁慈。 3 A 二From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. 按要求答题： 1用中文回答：Who miss the kindness I see daily ? __________________________________ 2将From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people译成中文： ____________________________________________ _______________________________ 3 根据上面这句话选择答案： The author feels sad sometimes because ______. A. he has a soft heart B. he relies much on others