初三中考冲刺1.英语十大词性

初三中考冲刺1.英语十大词性
初三中考冲刺1.英语十大词性

中考冲刺精讲——Part 1.英语十大词性

英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。

实词:有实在意义,在句子中能独立承担句子成分。实词有词形的变化,尤其是动词,可谓变化多端:

1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning

2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who,she,you,it .

3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good,right,white .

4、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,often,slowly.

5、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first.

6、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am,is,are,have,see .

虚词:没有多少实在意义,在句子中不能独立承担句子成分,虚词没有词形的变化:

7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the.

8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.

9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,well,hi

1.名词

(一)名词变复数:

1.规则名词复数形式:在单数名词后加“s”day →days week →weeks

2.在以o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加“es”。hero →heroes box →boxes

3.黄金重点:

I.有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。

II.以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加“s”。piano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco

教你一招☆如果以O结尾的名词有生命力,则该词汇一般加-es。

hero,tomato,potato,Negro(黑人)[简记:黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。]

4.以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”family →families city →cities

5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”key →keys boy →boys

6.以f、fe结尾的名词,变f / fe为v加es。knife →knives

(二)不规则名词复数形式:

1. foot →feet ,mouse →mice ,goose →geese ,child →children ,woman →women ,man →men

2.单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works,

(三).复合名词复数形式:

1.中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数:bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls

2.man和woman构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数。woman teacher→women teachers

3.中间有连字符的合成次,在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变复数:sister-in-law→sisters-in-law (四).名词所有格

1.在大多数名词末加“'s”the boy's toy, men's work

2.以s结尾的复数名词直接加“'”the students' reading room

3.以s结尾的单数名词加“'”Dickens' novels the actress' performance

4.合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”her brother-in-law's piano.

【重点】:除用于有生命的人外,“'s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中:

an hour's drive, a mile's journey ten pounds' weight. Beijing's weather

at one's wits end 智穷计尽to one's heart's content 尽情地by a hair's breadth 千钧一发5.双重所有格: a friend of mine (名词性物主代词) a child of hers

测试精编:

1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.

A. shoes store

B. shoe's store

C. shoe store

D. shoes' store

2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.

A. ten-dollar

B. ten-dollars

C. tens-dollar

D. ten-dollar's

3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.

A. wage and saving

B. wages and saving

C. wage and savings

D. wages and savings

4. I want ________ .

A. a dollar worth candy

B. candy a dollar's worth

C. a dollar's worth of candy

D. a dollar worth's candy

5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.

A. have

B. had

C. do

D. has

真题演练:

( ) 1.(广州)The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news.

A. many

B. a few

C. much

D. few

( ) 2.(山东威海)---Why didn’t you take a taxi back last night?

---Because I didn’t have any ______ with me.

A. food

B. bicycle

C. friend

D. money

( ) 3.(四川成都)John always says that he likes apples of all the ______ .

A. vegetables

B. fruits

C. drinks

( ) 4.(江西)---You look worried. What’s your ______ ?

---I have trouble learning English.

A. name

B. question

C. problem

D. job

( ) 5.(江苏南京)---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?

---I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi.

A. choice

B. decision

C. reason

D. information

( ) 6.(河南)I like __ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.

A. fish

B. butter

C. potatoes

D. noodles

名词单数变复数练习

写出下列名词复数

leaf______ box_______ wolf_______ fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:

1>There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.

2>There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.

3>These _______(tomato) are red.

4>______(hero) are great.

5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)

2.代词

人称代词的用法:

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主补)

a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?

b. -- Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.)

并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称-> 第三人称-> 第一人称you -> he/she; it -> I

2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:

第一人称-> 第二人称-> 第三人称we->you ->They

反身代词

1)

指示代词

指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,

疑问代词

指人:who, whom, whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:which

代词比较辩异one, that和it

one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)

3.形容词

形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot ,good ,wonderful等.

2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid, alone等 .

以-ly结尾的形容词

1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.

用形容词表示类别和整体

某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school

典型例题:

1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A. little two other

B. two little other

C. two other little

D. little other two答案:C。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone

B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese

D. Chinese stone old答案A.

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny

B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few

D. few sunny last答案:B。

4.副词

副词分类:

时间副词: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now

地点副词: here, there

程度副词: very, quite, rather

方式副词: beautifully, reluctantly, well

频度副词: often , frequently, always

位置与功能

1. 时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现,则地点副词在前。

They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.

2. 表频率的时间副词是中考的热点

always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等,通常放于行为动词之前,be词、情态动词和助动词之后。

He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.

3. 程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前(但enough除外)

He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.

注:有些副词有两种形式,一个与形容词同形,一个以ly 结尾,但它们的含义是不同的。

以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义,而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。

He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)

He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.(飞得高,具有可见性)

测试精编

1. Jane is ________ than Betty.

A. less taller

B. less tallest

C. less tall

D. not as tall

2. John's record was not so good as ________ in his team.

A. all the players

B.any player's

C. other players

D. any other player's

3. China is ________ country in the world.

A. the third largest

B. the largest third

C. the third large

D. a third largest

4. Shanghai has a larger population than ________ in china.

A. any city

B. all the cities

C. any other city

D. all other cities

( ) 1.Now the air in our city is _______ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it. (甘肃兰州)A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse

( ) 2.We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so .

A. well

B. nice

C. wonderfully

D. nicely

( ) 3.—Oh. I’m hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate?

—No. It tastes . (山东淄博)

A. terribly

B. terrible

C. good

D. well

( ) 4.—What do you think of your English teacher? (山东淄博)

—I love her. She is really . She always has a smile on her face.

A. outgoing

B. funny

C. friendly

D. serious

( ) 5.—Tim, do you think time is money? (山东淄博)

—Yes, but I think it is money.

A. more important than

B. very important as

C. the same as

D. not important as

( ) 6.We are not certain if it will be fine tomorrow. (四川成都)

A. exact

B. convincing

C. sure

( ) 7.It is not so ______ as yesterday, so there are ______ people sitting in the square. (四川成都)

A. cold, fewer

B. warm, more

C. cold, more

( ) 8.---How about the dishes? (江西)

---Fantastic! Nothing tastes ______ .

A. nice

B. better

C. terrible

D. worse

( ) 9..—Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?

—OK. But a dress might be __ . (河南)

A. good

B. better

C. bad

D. worse

( ) 10. ---All of us are proud of the progress he’s made during the past few years.

---Yes, we’re sure he will be even ___________.(湖北宜昌)

A. successful

B. more successful

C. most successful

D. successfully

形容词、副词比较级和最高级

比较级构成方式:

A.adj / adv + er / est poor→poorer→poorest fast→faster→fastest

B.词尾e + r / st large→larger→largest fine→finer→finest

C.重读闭音节中短元音+ 辅音词尾→双写辅音词尾+ er / est. big→bigger→biggest

D.辅音+ y→i + er / est dry→drier→driest angry→angrier→angriest

E.多音节形容词及副词:more + adj / adv most + adj / adv

F.不规则变化:good / well→better→best bad / ill→worse→worst

many / much→more→most little→less→least

【用法示例】比较级用于二者相比较,由than构成比较状语从句:

(1)?. The climate of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. ?. My Schoolbag is larger than hers.

(2)?. It is getting colder and colder. ?. She is becoming more and more beautiful

. 笔记要点:两个形容词比较级由and连在一起,表示“越来越……”

(3)?. The older we grow, the poorer our memory will be. ?. The earlier we start, the sooner we'll get there.

笔记要点:这种句型结构表示“越……越……”

(4)?. I prefer the cheaper one of the two books. ?. Of the two brothers, he is the cleverer.

笔记要点:二者之比较。而Of the three girls, she is the cleverest.

最高级构成方式:三者或三者以上进行比较,“the + 形容词/ 副词est”。

(1) John is the tallest of the three. This is the most difficult book I've read.

(2) He is cleverer than any other boy in the class.(有than时只用比较级)

5.数词

表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

数词的用法

1)倍数表示法

a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。

b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,le ngth…) of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.

d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

2)分数表示法

构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:1/3 one-third ;3/37 three and three-sevenths

6.动词

分类:动词根据其在句中的功能,可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类词。

行为动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词)

We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词)

I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词)

She was beaten on the way home. (was是助动词)

You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词)

The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词)

系动词

1)状态系动词:用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher.

2)持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。

3)表像系动词:用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

He looks tired.他看起来很累。

4)感官系动词:感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.

5)变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。

6)终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

7.冠词

(一)、不定冠词的用法

1.表示one, the same, every They are of an age.

2.用在物质、抽象名词前,表示―一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵‖

3.用于某人姓名前,表示―某个名叫……的人‖;用于星期中的某一天的名称前,表示―某星期几‖

He died on a Sunday.

A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside.

4.不定冠词的特殊位置:

What/such/rather a(an) +(adj.)+单数名词

How/so/as/too/ however + adj.+ a/an单数名词

Many a(an) +单数名词许多

Not a(an) +单数名词不止一个

What a clever boy he is! = How clever a boy he is!

Many a young man wants to learn English.

5.用在某些固定词组中:

Have a swim/talk/walk/, have a cold, have a good time, once upon a time, do sb. a favor

(二)、.定冠词的用法

1. 双方已知,上文已提(特指)Who invented the telephone?

2. 世上独一无二

3. adj最高级及序数词前the first, the tallest, the taller of the two boys

4. the+adj 表一类人the blind the rich

5. the+姓氏s 表一家人The Greens are at table.

6. 西洋乐器He plays the violin but gives lessons on the piano.

7. 方向The windows face to the south.

8. 固定习惯用语

In the morning, in the end, in the least, in the distance, in the way, on the whole, on the other hand, at the same time, at the moment, go to the cinema/theatre, go to the doctors’,

(三)、零冠词的用法

1、一日三餐、一年四季、节假日

Spring comes after winter. They came to Beijing in the winter of 2004.

2.球类、棋类运动play basketball, play chess

3.人名、地名、国家、语言等Hailie, Asia, Beijing, Chinese

4.固定短语day and night, hand in hand, at noon / night/ midnight, watch TV/ on TV

( ) 1.(甘肃兰州)There's _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital.

A. an, an

B. a, a

C. an, the

D. a, the

( ) 2.(广州)After school we usually play basketball for half an hour on playground.

A. the; the

B. 不填;不填

C. 不填; the

D. the;不填

( ) 3.(河北)I really like ______ book you lent me yesterday.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. 不填

( ) 4.(山东威海)Jimmy bought ______ car yesterday, but it’s ______ used one.

A. a; a

B. a; an

C. a; the

D. the; an

( ) 5.(山东烟台)What ______ exciting news it is! Is ______ news true?

A. an; the

B. an; a

C. /; the

D. /; a

( ) 6.(四川成都)---I just have ______ cup of milk for ______ breakfast.

---That’s not enough.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; 不填

( ) 7.(江苏南京)Sandy often takes her dog for ______ walk around the lake after supper.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. 不填

( ) 8.(湖南娄底)—

A. a

B. an

C. the

( ) 9.(江苏宿迁).–Who’s _________ young man with long hair?

–He’s a friend of mine.

A. a

B. the

C. an

D. his

( ) 10.(湖北孝感)In Nanji ng, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I can’t remember____ name of it.

A. the

B. a

C. an

D. /

( ) 11.(江苏无锡)It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. the; a

( ) 12.(陕西绥德)On ______ sunny afternoon, my parents and I had a good time on the beach.

A. the

B. an

C. a

D. /

( ) 13.(福建漳州)---What ______ sweet music! Do you know who wrote it?

---Beethoven, I think.

A./

B. a

C. an

D. The

8.介词

按结构英语介词可分为3类:

1.简单介词(约有70个),如:in,at,on,by,with,down,for,beside,along,across等。

2.分词介词(约15个)如:during,following,considering,regarding,judging,talking等。

3.成语介词(约有500个)如:out of,apart from,because of,by means of等。

按意义英语介词可分为3类:

1. 时间介词,如:at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。

2. 地点介词,如:at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside,

3. 其它介词,如:by, with, about, except, instead of, due to,

注:英语介词不可单独使用,后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结构等.

9.连词

连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。

1. 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, as well as,

both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and) then等等。

2. 从属连词经常引导一个从句, 如: when ,where, because, if , as, 等

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英语十大词类 Prepared on 22 November 2020

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family家庭、air空气、boy男孩、desk 桌子、work、职业 2、专有名词:指特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。 Hemingway海明威、China中国、New York纽约、United Nations联合国 3、可数名词:表示名词的单数(一个、一本一只等),要在名词前加冠词a或an。 4、复数名词:表示两个或两个以上的概念时要用名词的复数形式,一般情况下,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的,也有特殊情况,以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es 等等。 book——books, dog——dogs, pen——pens, boy——boys

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