情态动词和助动词知识点讲解

情态动词和助动词

情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词本身有意义，表示说话人的某种语气、态度或看法

情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词不能单独做谓语，同行为动词或系动词一起构成谓语动词。

除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4）情态动词有现在式和过去式

没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

助动词的语法特征（be, do, have has, shall, will）

1）一般没有词义；

2）不能单独做谓语，同其他动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气构成疑问或否定形式；

3）有人称和数的变化

4）有时态的变化

常见助动词的用法

1. Be ---用于构成现在进行时（be+现在分词）

被动语态（be+过去分词）

2. Has (have)--- 用于构成现在完成时has (have) +过去分词

过去完成时had+过去分词

3. Do ---用于构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去式的否定式或疑问式

<构成祈使句的否定式；so, neither, nor倒装结构>

eg: Don’t eat too much.

4. Shall (will) ---构成一般将来时，shall 只用于第一人称主语；

will用于各种人称主语

常见情态动词的用法

1. Can与could

1) (表示能力、功能)能,会can用于现在时，could用于过去式

The classroom can seat thirty students. 这教室能坐三十位学生。

June can drive now. 琼现在会开车了。

比较can 和be able to

●be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：

She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。

He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。

●be able to 强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。如：

Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是，他终于逃出了大火。

If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 要是他早几小时来，我还能救他。

●be able to 可以有各种时态；而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。如：

I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。

Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗？

He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙

Will you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow?你明天能把讲座录下来吗？

I'm sorry I haven't been able to answer your letter in time.真对不起我没能及时给你回信.

Remark: 指过去某时或某个时刻设法做成某事，不用could,而用was\were able to相当于succeed in doing sth, manage to do sth。

I talked with her for a long time,and eventually I was able to make her believe me.

我谈了很久，最终还是使她相信了我的话。

●can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。

You are able to use my pen. (误)

You can use my pen. (正)

●can有被动语态，主语为人或物皆可，而be able to只接不定式的主动形式，不接表示

被动的不定式，也不可用无生命的名词作主语。例如：

The work is able to be done by him. （误）

He is able to do the work.（正）

2) (表示允许、请求)可以，could 比较委婉。

You can't take the book out of the room. 你不可以将这本书拿出室外。

Can I use your pen? 我可以用一下你的笔吗?

Could I borrow a pencil, please? Yes, certainly. /No, I’m afraid not.

3) 在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。

He can’t be watching TV now. I saw him havin g a walk just now.

2. may, might

1) 表示请求和允许，may 比较正式。意思是：可以

He may come if he likes. 如果他想来，可以来.

---May I leave work early today as I have to go to the dentist’s? 去看牙医

---Yes, you may./No, you may not.

2）表示推测，意思是：可能（会），或许（会）。常用语肯定句, might 的语气更弱。

It may rain this evening. You'd better take an umbrella. 今晚可能要下雨，你最好带上雨伞。3）表示祝愿，意思是：祝…，（但愿）。

May the friendship between our two peoples last forever. 祝两国人民的友谊万古长青。

may not 可能不cannot 不可能

3. must

1）表“必须，一定做某事”。具有强制性，表达一种责任、义务或命令

You must talk to them about their study.你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。

注意：

●must 没有过去式，表达过去的含义，可以使用had to 代替must

I had to walk home yesterday. There were no buses.

must 表示说话人主观上认为有必要做某事或个人愿望.

have to 侧重强调这种义务或责任是由某种客观情况或规定决定，而不是说话者本人能够控制的

Bob, you must look after yourself and keep healthy.

I have to work late tonight. My boss has told me to.

2）在否定结构中mustn’t 表“禁止，绝不允许”，具有强制性。

You mustn't park here.你不能在这儿停车。

3）must 用于一般疑问句时，表示“一定，必须”，肯定和否定回答应该特别注意比较：

Must we go now? yes, we must. 是的，我们一定要走

No, we mustn’t. 不，我们不可以走。

Must I finish the book this week? Yes, you must. 是的，你一定要读完

No, you needn’t(无人称与时态变化)/don’t have to/

don’t need to. 不，你不必。

4）“一定，准是”，表推测，暗含有很大的可能性，用在肯定句。

He must be ill. He looks so pale.他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。

注意：

●may 暗含的可能性较小。must 暗含的可能性较大。否定的猜测用can't

The baby can't be ill. He is so active.那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.

如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

●must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"

●must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的

原形或行为动词的进行式。

比较：

He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。

●must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

●must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

4. Shall ,Should

1) shall 用做助动词，表一般将来时；

2) shall 用作情态动词，用来提出建议。

Shall we go there on foot?

3) should 作为助动词shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。

4) should 作为情态动词,“应当，应该”，表达说话认为应该做的事, 多用于规劝错误行为，不具有强制性。相当于ought to do, had better do sth(最好做某事), be supposed to do sth

否定形式：shouldn’t do , oughtn’t to do, had better no do

Eg: You should （= are supposed to ）complete your test in time.

你们应该按时做完你们的实验

5) 用于疑问句，用来征求别人的意见。(第一人称，同shall)

When should I leave tomorrow?

Ought I to finish my homework now? Yes, you ought to.

5. Will, would

1) 表示说话人的意愿（will 表示现在，would表示过去）

Don’t worry. I will (愿意) go there with you.

be willing to do sth愿意做某事

2）表示征求意见，提出请求琥珀劝说（此句型中，用some代替any）

Will/ Would you like sth？Yes, please./No, thanks

Will/ Would you like to do sth? 肯定Thanks/I’d like(love) to.

否定I’d like(love) to, but…..

Will you please do sth?

Would you mind my opening the window？

3）表示习惯或倾向性

A stone will not float.

6. Need

1）作为情态动词，“必须，必要”，常用语疑问句和否定句，肯定回答: must,

否定回答：needn’t Eg: Need I buy a ticket? Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t.

肯定形式：need do sth

否定形式：needn’t

2）做实义动词

need sth 变否定形式don’t need sth

to do sth to do sth

eg: He needs help (n.) now.

He didn’t need to get there yesterday.

3) needn’t do sth/ don’t need to do sth/ don’t have to do sth “不必”

7. would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which ___ do?

A. do you rather

B. would you rather

C. will you rather

D. should you rather

答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

情态动词的回答方式

问句肯定回答否定回答

Need you…?Yes, I must.No, I needn't

Must you…?/don't have to.

典型例题

1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you____.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和may来表达，不能用could或might。复习：will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2）---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't

B. wouldn't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必，不用。wouldn't 将不, 不会的。mustn't 禁止、不能。shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't

B.I won't

C. I can't

D. I haven't

答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。

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情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气【语法要点】情态动词所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力（1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功的做成某事”用be able to。（2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。（3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性（1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表：情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱）注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。（2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

新初中英语语法知识—情态动词的知识点总复习附答案

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英语助动词和情态动词及练习

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(易错题精选)初中英语语法知识—情态动词的真题汇编及答案

一、选择题 1．(2017·甘肃白银·10)—I wonder if these are Danny's glasses. —They________be Danny's. He doesn't wear glasses. A．can't B．must C．mustn't D．can 2．—Must I finish the work today, Mum? —No, you ________.You can finish it tomorrow. A．mustn't B．can't C．shouldn't D．needn't 3．Since you are very tired, you ______ finish the work today. A．needn’t B．may not C．mustn’t D．can’t 4．I’ve bought a nice necklace for Jo’s birthday. She _____like it, but I’m not sure. A．can B．may be C．might D．must 5．The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight. A．must B．may C．can’t D．needn’t 6．All passengers_____ go through safety check before they take a plane. A．may B．can C．must D．need 7．—Is that cap Bob’s? —No, it ________ be his. His is blue. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 8．—Can I take some milk and biscuits to the reading room? —No, our school has a rule that students _______ eat or drink there. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 9．—Sorry, Ms Wang. I left my homework at home. Must I hand it in today? —No, you_______ . You_______ bring it here tomorrow. A．mustn’t; should B．needn’t; must C．mustn’t; may D．needn’t; can 10．— I wonder if these are Jim's glasses. —They _____his. He doesn't wear glasses. A．might be B．could be C．can't be 11．—Could you please hang out with me this afternoon? —______. I have to make a plan for Clean-Up Day. A．Sorry, I couldn’t B．Sorry, I can’t C．Sure, I can D．Sure, I could 12．I’m sorry, children over 1.4 meters________pay the full price for the show. A．may B．must C．can D．ought to 13．When I write down what I am showing thanks to, it’s always for things that money ______buy. A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．may not D．can’t 14．—The food ________be delicious . You ate it up .

情态动词知识点总结

情态动词知识点总结一、初中英语情态动词 1．Rock music ______ sound popular with the young, but it's not the favor of the aged people. A. must B. need C. should D. may 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：摇滚音乐在年轻人中听起来受欢迎，但是它不受上了年龄的人的赞同。must, 表示猜测时，指把握比较大的肯定猜测，肯定……；need需要；should,应该；may，表示把握比较小的肯定猜测，可能，也许。结合句意，故选D。【点评】考查情态动词辨析，注意几个常见情态动词的意思和用法。 2．——Shall we meet at the station at 7 am? ——In fact, we _______. The train _______ until 9 a. m. A. mustn't; doesn't leave B. mustn't; leaves C. needn't; won't leave D. needn't; will leave 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】need，需要，否定式是needn't；must的含义是必须一定，其否定形式mustn't表示禁止的含义。句意：我们上午七点在车站见面好吗？——实际上，我们不必。火车到上午九点钟才出发。结合语境可知后一空描述的是将要发生的动作，故用一般将来时态。选C。【点评】情态动词的考查是初中英语考查的重点，平时学习中一定要熟记这些词的基本词义及用法上的不同，注意其用法及在句子中表达语气的不同。考试中结合语境选择合适答案。 3．We __________ pay to get into the concert. It's free. A. can't B. mustn't C. might not D. don't have to 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我们进入音乐会不必付钱。这是免费的。A.can"t 不可能； B. mustn"t 禁止； C.might not 可能不；D. don"t have to不必。根据It's free.可知音乐会是免费的，因此不必付钱。故选D。 4．—Where is George? —He _______ be here just now. His coffee is still warm. A. need B. can't C. must D. shouldn't 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——乔治在哪里？——他刚才一定在这里，他的咖啡还是热的。A.

be动词-情态动词及助动词用法

七年级英语双休日作业班级：姓名：等级英语句型变化总结练习 1、含有be动词am，is，are构成的句子：变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如：肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: a student? 否定句: He a student. 肯定句：We are from China. 一般疑问句: from China? 否定句：We from China 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can, may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can, may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句:she swim? 否定句: She swim. 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时在主语后面加don’t / doesn’t , 谓语用动词原形。例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. 一般疑问句: play football after school? 否定句: They football after school. 肯定句：Tom watches TV every day. 一般疑问句: Tom TV every day? 否定句: Tom TV every day.

注意：变否定句时相关词的改变肯定句变否定句时，除将谓语变为否定式外，句中其他词语也可能随之改变：如将some改为any，too和also改为either，and改为or等：There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。 →There aren’t ______ birds in the tree. 树上没有鸟。 He likes the book, too. 他也喜欢这本书。 →He doesn’t like the book, ______. 他也不喜欢这本书。He likes singing and dancing. 他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 →He doe sn’t like singing ______dancing. 他不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞。补充练习：根据句后括号内的要求，填入句中所缺的词： 1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ know the answer? 2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ see ______ birds? 3. There is a computer in the house. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ a computer in the house? 4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句) ______ ______ any flowers on the teachers’ desk? 5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式) There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree. 6. I think he is old. (否定句) I ______ think he ______ old.

(易错题精选)初中英语语法知识—情态动词的难题汇编及解析

一、选择题 1．It is 11:00 p.m now. Peter hasn't come back yet. His mother ______ be very mad at him. A．may B．can C．must D．need 2．You run with the train when it is coming. It’s dangerous. A．may not B．mustn’t C．needn’t 3．―I can't stop smoking, Doctor. ―For your health, I'm afraid you . A．must B．can C．need D．have to 4．—Is that Kate’s green bike? —It ____________be hers. She likes pink. A．can’t B．could C．mustn’t D．might 5．—Can we walk across the road now? —No, we . We have to wait until the light turns green. A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 6．You look quite tired. You'd better ________ a good rest. A．stop to have B．stop having C．to stop to have D．to stop having 7．—______ you please tell me something about the life in Canada or America?—Sorry, I______. I don’t know either. I’m from Australia. A．Could; couldn’t B．Can; couldn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; mustn’t 8．—Sorry, Ms Wang. I left my homework at home. Must I hand it in today? —No, you_______ . You_______ bring it here tomorrow. A．mustn’t; should B．needn’t; must C．mustn’t; may D．needn’t; can 9．— I would like________ to see a movie. —It’s too late. You’d better ________alone. A．to go, go B．go, not go C．to go, not go D．going, go 10．— I wonder if these are Jim's glasses. —They _____his. He doesn't wear glasses. A．might be B．could be C．can't be 11．-Could you help me with my English homework, Nancy? -Of course I____________. Glad to help. A．could B．can C．must D．do 12．－Mum, must I stay there the whole day? －No, you__________. You__________ come back after lunch, if you like. A．mustn’t; can B．needn’t; must C．needn’t; may 13．We _______ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. A．may B．should C．can D．need 14．—Jack must be in his office, I think. —No, he be in the office. He flew to Canada this morning.

情态动词和助动词 知识点讲解