英语冠词的基本用法及练习

英语冠词的基本用法及练习
英语冠词的基本用法及练习

中考英语冠词的用法及练习

一,概述

冠词是一种虚词,一种辅助性的词,不可在句中独立担当一个成分,要放在名词前,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词有不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两种。

二、不定冠词

不定冠词一般用来修饰单数可数名词,但有时也可修饰不可数名词。不定冠词a和an。a用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前,而an则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。如:a student,an orange。不定冠词指表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,第一次提到某人或某物时,表示人或事物的某一种类,表示“每一”。

(一)、类别用法

1.除表示某一类人或事物外,用在作补足语和同位语的名词之前,泛指某人的职业、阶级等。例如:

Mr Zhang is considered(to be)an excellent English teacher.

Wang Ling,a maths teacher,is to give us a lecture tomorrow.

但如果这一职位在一个时期内只由一个担任或表示称号、头衔时,则不用冠词。例如:In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States.

2.在名词带有一个描绘性定语时用不定冠词。例如:

I’m going to borrow a French novel to read.(描绘性不定式)

A certain boy saw a big dog run out of the gate last Sunday.(描绘性形容词。常在讲故事时用,表明讲故事的人心中的具体人,但尚未告诉人们是谁)

(二)、指量用法

1.不定冠词除表示“一个”(I’ll be back in a day or two.)及“每一”(Take the medicine th ree times a day)的意义之外,在“of+a+名词”的结构中,表示“同一”、“相同”之意。例如:

Comrade Li and I are nearly of an age.老李跟我年龄大致相同。

My elder brother’s shoes and mine are of a size.我哥哥的鞋跟我的一样大小(一个号)。

2.a与One同源。但强调数目概念时用“One”,并要重读。例如:

There’s only one way to go.

No one boy can carry it.

试比较:

I have a picture book.(并非强调一本)

I have one picture book.(只有一本,没有两本、三本)。

(三)、用在不可数名词前,表示有一种特殊含义

1.用在一些表示动作的名词(reat,walk,look,try,sleep,breath…)之前表示“一次”、“一下”、“一会儿”等。例如:

Let’s have a rest.

He made a second try.

After looking round,he decided to have a look upstairs.

2.表示“一种”、“一类”。例如:

“Y ou don’t understand,”said Joe,a cruel light shining in hiseyes.“你不懂,”乔说,眼睛里闪着(一种)凶狠的光。

As a child,he had to make a living.

3.表示风、雨等的“一阵”。例如:

An hour later,he was woken up by a violent knocking on his door.

That’s why we are most likely to see worms after a heavy rain.

4.表示“某种程度”。例如:

China has a population of over one billion.

A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold.

He seemed to be in a fever.

5.表示饮料的“一份”、“一种”。例如:

Mao-tai is a famous Chinese wine.

I want a black coffee.

6. A(an)相当于the same,表示“同一”的意思:They are of an age.

7.两个并列名词前的不定冠词:当and所连接的两个名词或名词短语表示一个人的两种身份,而实际上指的是一个人时,只在第一个名词之前使用不定冠词,第二个名词之前不加不定冠词;当and所连接的两个名词或名词短语表示两个人或两件事时,则在两个名词前面都必须加不定冠词。

8.不定冠词可用于表示价格、速度、比率等名词之前,有“每一“之义,相当于each:once a week(每周一次)

9.不定冠词用来表示“某个”,用在人名及头衔前,表示说话者对此人不认识

10.不定冠词用于某些习语中:a bit of

(四)、其他用法

1.常用在quite,few,rather,many,half,such,what等词之后。可以采用如下的语序:quite/rather+a/an+形容词+名词(非强制性),也可以采用下列语序:a +quite/rather+形容词+名词。

例如:He is rather a fool.

What a wonderful film you have seen.

He has been to Lanzhow many a time.(=many times)

又如:half an hour,quite a big…

2.so(as,too,how)+形容词+a/an+名词(强制性语序)。

例如:She is as clever a girl as you wish to meet.

It’s too difficult a lesson for us to understand.

We have not had so cold a day as this for many weeks.

How fine a day it is!

3.名词短语中含有such/what时,不定冠词也不能放在最前端,而要放在such/what之后(强制性):such/what+a/an+形容词+名词。

4.在many a man结构中,不定冠词也取特殊的位置。

(五)、在一些固定词组中要用a / an.

have a rest, have a break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour ,a little ,a few ,a lot ,a type of ,a pile ,a great many ,many a ,as a rule ,in a hurry ,in a word ,in a short while ,after a while ,have

a cold ,have a try

三、定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

(1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine.把药吃了。

(2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house.I’ve been to the house.

他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

(3)指世上独一物二的事物:

the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth

(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物:

如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。

(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:

Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。

That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

(6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

(7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm……她抓住了我的手臂。

(8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States 美国

(9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:

She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)

(11)在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前,如the Y ello River ,

(12)某些建筑物名词前,如the Summer Palace.

(13)在报纸、杂志、旅馆、经典等名词前,如the People′s Daily.

(14)用在惯用语中:

in the day,in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)

in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,

on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre

四、零冠词的用法

(1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;

(2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;

They are teachers. 他们是教师。

(3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

(4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;

Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。

(5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;

We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

(6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;

The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。(7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词;

have breakfast,play chess

(8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;

I can’t write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。

(9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;(10)有些个体名词不用冠词;

school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

(11)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词

b. 序数词作副词:He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中:at (the)first,first of all

六、专项练习

(A)

1、“we had fish and chips for lunch.”“That doesn′t sound .”

A. very interesting lunch

B. a very interesting lunch

C. the more interesting lunch

D. a more interesting lunch

2. “Did you come by air?”“No, I came by sea, I had a lovely voyage on .”

A. the Queen Elizabeth II

B.Queen Elizabeth II

C.a Queen Elizabeth II

D.the ship of Queen Elizabeth II

3.Y ou should change your wet clothes , or you′ll .

A. seize a cold

B. seize cold D. catch cold

C. catch a cold

4. John usually has tea for breakfast but he sometimes has coffee .

A. for change

B. for the change

C. for a change

D. for changes

5. She always looks her best in of that colour.

A. dress

B. that dress

C. a dress

D. the dress

6. They usually go away on holiday .

A. one time the year

B. once a year

C. one time in a year

D. once in a year

7. “Does Li Lin like ?”“I think she does.”

A. to play the piano

B.to play piano

C. to playing the piano C. to playing piano

8. Do you mind if I turn on ?

A. television

B. the television

C. an television

D. televisions

9. In some countries are getting richer and richer.

A. rich

B. the rich

C. riches

D. the riches

10. Could you tell me to the railway station?

A. the shortest way

B. a shortest way

C. that shortest way

D. shortest way

11. We have done enough work. Let′s have .

A.game

B. a game

C. the game

D. games

12. May I have that is on the top shelf?

A. a bread

B. some bread

C. loaf of bread

D. the loaf of bread

13. Have you ever been to ?

A. the Tian,anmen Squre

B. Tian,anmen Squre

C. the Square of Tian,anmen

D. Square Tian,anmen

14. I′m looking for flat. Am I on the right floor?

A. the Liu′s

B. the Lius′

C. liu′s

D. Lius′

15. “Talking about aports, what do you like?”“I think like .”

A. football

B. a football

C. the football

D. football game

16. On Sunday, they usually go to to do some shopping.

A. market square

B. the market square

C. square

D. markets

17. is one of the longest rivers in England.

A. Thames

B.The Thames

C. Thames River

D. The Thames′

18. On I often stay at home.

A. New Y ear Day

B. the New Y ear Day

C. New Y ear′s Day

D. the New Y ear′s Day

19. The earthquark happened in .

A. late 1960s

B. the late 1960s

C. late of 1960s

D. late of the 1960s

20. “What do I have to do if I want to be a doctor?”

“Then you ought to stay .”

A. medicine

B. the medicine

C.literature

D. the literature

5. --- Mum, where is my CD player? --- It’s in white bag on your desk.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. 不填

(B)

1. Is Sydney ______ capital of Australia?

A. the

B. /

C. a

D. an

2. Best wishes to you for ______ Mother's Day.

A. the

B. /

C. a

D. an

3. _____ plane goes fast than ______ train.

A. /; /

B. A; a

C. The; the

D. The; a

4. He teaches math in ______ university. He is ______ unusual professor.

A. an; an

B. a; a

C. a; an

D. an; a

5. My mother is fond of playing _____ violin while my father likes listening to _____ classical music.

A. the; the

B. a; the

C. the; /

D. /; the

6. It was my ______ first time to visit ______ Great Wall.

A. the; the

B. the; /

C. /; /

D. /; the

7. ——China has _______ population of 1.3 billion.

——Oh, it is really _______ large number.

A. a; a

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

8. _____ girl with ______ apple will try _____ second time to finish the game.

A. A; an; a

B. A; /; the

C. The; an; the

D. The; an; a

9. Running is ______ good exercise because it helps build ______ strong hearts and lungs.

A. a; the

B. /; /

C. the; /

D. /; the

10. He is always living ______ simple life, although he has plenty of ______ money.

A. /; /

B. a; the

C. a; /

D. the; /

参考答案

(A):(1)B (2)A (3)D (4)D (5)C (6)B (7)A (8)B (9)B (10)A (11)B (12)D (13)B (14)B (15)A (16)B

(17)B (18)C (19)B(20)A

(B):1. A. 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A. 6. D. 7. A. 8. D 9. B 10.C.

高考英语语法填空--1冠词

第一集语法填空核心考点考点突破 ——冠词——与名词共生共存 【考向聚焦】 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a,an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知,冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有:冠词的基本用法;在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法;冠词的特殊用法;冠词在句子中的位置。对应学生用书P1 用适当的冠词填空 1.(2013?福建,21) The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development. 解析考查冠词。根据句意,中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦,可知,两空都用不定冠词a。 答案a;a 2.(2013?江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man. 解析考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”;第二空man表“人类”,不用冠词。 答案a;不填 3.(2013?山东,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky. 解析考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”,应用不定冠词a;第二空“夜

空”,指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。 答案a;the 4.(2013?江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century. 解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the;第二空为固定短语,表示在多少世纪“in the-th century”,需加定冠词。 答案the;the 5.(2013?浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. 解析考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”;at an early age 意为“在年纪很小时”,故均填不定冠词。 答案a;an 6.(2013?重庆,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee. 解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句,故应该特指;第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”,使用不定冠词。 答案the;an 7.(2012?新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction. 解析考查冠词的用法。句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画;后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指,不用冠词。

英语冠词用法总结(完整)

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初中英语冠词用法总结归纳

冠词 一.不定冠词 1.不定冠词a,an A用于以辅音因素或半元音因素/j/,/w/开头的单词。 An用于元音因素开头的单词 注意:元音因素开头的单词,首字母不一定就是元音字母例如,hour,honest等单词,看起来是以辅音字母开头,但是发音时辅音字母h没有发音,而是以元音开头,因此前面应加不定冠词an。而有些单词如university,uniform等单词,是以元音字母u开头,但是读音时u 发半元音/j/开头,所以前面应加a。 2.不定冠词的用法。 (1)用于可数名词的单数前,表示数量“一”,如: I have a new pen. (2)表示一类人或物,如: An elephant is big and strong. (3)第一次提到的人或物,如: Look, a dog is running to us. (4)表示“每一”的意思,如: I go shopping once a week.

3.不定冠词的固定搭配 have a look 看一下have a good time 玩得愉快 take a break 休息一下take a walk 散步 in a hurry 急匆匆地half an hour 半小时 a lot of 许多,大量 a great deal of 大量+不可数名词a number of 许多+可数名词 a few 一些+可数名词 a little 一些+不可数名词 二.定冠词 1.定冠词the的用法 (1)特指某些人或物,例如: The woman in red dress is my mother. (2)特指前面提到过的人或物,例如: I have a dog. The dog is cute. (3)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 What do you think of the novel? (4)指宇宙间独一无二的东西,如: The moon is bright at night. (5)用于单数名词前表示一类人或物,如: The horse is a useful animal. (6)用于序数词前,如:、

初一英语冠词的用法完整版

初一英语冠词的用法 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

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英语冠词的用法

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英语单词前用冠词的用 法 Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT

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