同等学力英语语法总结.docx

同等学力英比状从句

常用引： as（同比） , than（不同程度的比）特殊引： the more ? the more?; just as?, so?;

A is to

B what /as X is to Y; no?more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

她和她一脾气暴躁。

The house is three times as big as ours.

所房子是我的三倍大。

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

越你就越健康。

Food is to men what oil is to machine.

食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

同等学力英步状从句

引步状从句的和： although, though（然）； even if，

even though（即使）； as，while （尽管）； whether ? or（不??是）；whoever，no matter who

（无）；whenever, no matter when（无何）；however，

no matter how（无论怎样）； whatever，no matter what （无

论什么）等。

（1）although和 though都表示“虽然”，但 although比 though

正式，更多用于句首；二者都可与 yet，still 或 nevertheless连用，但不能和 but 连用：

He didn ’t stop working though（或 although）he was ill.

他虽然病了，但未停止工作。

(2)as 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，可用 though 代替，但比 though 语气强，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语和动词原形：

Child as（或 though）he is, he knows a lot［.表语；名词］

他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。

▲当表语是可数名词单数时，不能加不定冠词a（或 an）。

Good as he is, he will never be top of his class［.表语；形容词］

他虽然很好，但他决不会成为班上的尖子。

Hard as（或 though）he works, he makes little progress［.状语；副词］

虽然他工作很努力，但却几乎没有进步。

Try as（或 though）he might, he could not find a job［.；

原形］

不管他怎么努力，他是找不到工作。

（3）while 有可引步状从句，但一般要位于句

首：

While I like the color, I don’t like the shape.

我然喜那色，但不喜那形状。

（4）whatever（或 whenever?）和 no matter what（或

when?）二者都可引步状从句，但前者有可以引出主从句

和从句等，后者却不行：

Whatever（或 No matter what）you say, I won’t believe you.（状从句）

不管你什么，我决不相信你的。

I ’ll eat whatever（≠no matter what）you give me.［从

句］

你我什么我就吃什么。

同等学力英方式状从句

引方式状从句的： as（如同）； as if （或 as though）（好

像）。

（１） as 和 like 都有“就像”的意思， as是连词，后加句子； like 是介词，后加名词、代词或名词性短语：

I work as others do(或 like others).

我像别人那样工作。

（２） as if ，as though 两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常

用虚拟语气， as if 比 as though 更常用：

They are talking as if (或 as though)they had seen a ghost.

他们谈着话，就像是见了鬼。

▲as if 和 as though 有时可引导表语从句。

同等学力英语条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词或词组：if ，suppose，supposing （that）， provided，providing （that）， on condition that （如果，假如）； unless（除非）； so（或 as）long as（只要）； in case（万一）。

在条件状语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时（和时间

状语从句相同）：

You will miss the train if you don’t hurry.

你要不快点，就会误了火车。

▲will 表示“愿意”时，是情态动词，可用与条件状语从句：

If you will go, please tell me.

如果你愿意去的，告我。

（１） unless 在意上等于 if ?not，但比 if 气更：

You will fail unless you study hard. (= You will fail if you do not study hard.)

除非你努力学，否你要失。

▲i f 可用于虚气，unless不用于虚气。（２）

suppose和 supposing（that）相当于 if 。

（或（３） provide，providing

as）long as相当于 only

that，on

if ：

condition that，so As long as ( = Only if) you

don succeed.

’t lose heart, you will 只要你不灰心，你就会成功。

（４） in case

Do tell us in case you have any trouble.

万一有什么困，一定告我。

▲in case引目的状从句也可用 should 表示可能性小些。

同等学力英果状从句

引果状从句的： so?that，such?that（如此??以致于）； so that，that（果）等。

（１） so?that，such?that

常用句型：

so＋形容（或副）＋ that

so＋形容＋ a（或 an）＋数可数名＋ that

such＋a（或 an）（＋形容）＋数可数名＋that

such（＋形容）＋复数可数名＋that

such（＋形容）＋不可数名＋that

such＋that

He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him.

他得太快，我跟不上。

It was such a good day（= It was so good a day）that we all went swimming.

天气那么好，我都去游泳了。

The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.

影如此精彩，众都被深深打了。

▲“ so＋many（或 much，few，little ）＋名词”，“such＋a lot of（或 lots of）＋名词”是习惯用法，不可乱用。

（２） so that，that 都可以表示结果， so that 较常用，that 多见于口语中：

He didn ’t study hard, (so) that he failed in the exam.

他没用功学习，结果他考试没及格。

▲so that 引导目的状语从句时，该从句中常用may（或

might）等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中多不用情

态动词，而且从句前有逗号；再者可根据上下文判断。

同等学力英语目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的连词： in order that, so that（为了）；for fear that, in case, lest（以免）等。

（１） in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中需用情

态动词，现在时态常用 may，can 或 will ；过去时态常用 could，should 或 might（含义正式），有时也用would。in order that

比 so that 正式， in 也可位于主句后；而

order that 引导的从句可位于主句前，so that 引导的从句只可位于主句后：

He sent the letter by air mail in order that（或so that）it might reach them in good time.

这封信他航空寄去，以便他们能及时收到。

（２） for fear that，in case，lest 引导的目的状语从

句中常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词形式常为“should＋动词原形”：

He took his raincoat with him in case（或 for fear that 或lest）it should rain.

他带上了雨衣以免下雨。

同等学力英语原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词：because（因为）；as（由于）；since，now that（既然）； seeing that（鉴于）等。

（１） because，since，as 都可表示“因为”。

①because表示原因的语气最强，通常回答以疑问词why

引导的问句，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后；since 表

示稍加分析后而推断出来的原因，比 as 正式； as表示对方已知

道的原因。since 和as 不回答why 引导的疑问句，而且其从

句一般放在句首：

I do it because I like it.

因为我喜欢我才干。

Since no one is against it, let’s carry out the plan.

既然没人反对，我们就执行这个计划吧。

As he wasn ’t ready in time, we went without him.

由于他未及准好，我没等他就走了。

②b ecause是， because of 是介短。

③because和 so 不可同使用，只用其中的一个。

④f or 也常引表示原因的分句，但 for 是并列，因此不能

用于句首； for 所提供的理由是一种充性的明，且

for 前常有逗号：

The days are short, for it is now December.

白天短了，因已是１２月了。

（２）部分表示感情的状形容（如sorry，glad，pleased等）有可接一个 that 引的从句表示原因，作状从句（但也有人是从句）：

I am sorry that I have caused so much trouble.

真不起，你添了么多麻。

同等学力英地点状从句

引地点状从句的： where（在??地方）；wherever（无何地）；everywhere（每一??地方）等：

There are plenty of sheep where I live.

我住的地方羊很多。

Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

▲指具体地点时，从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后（如前一例句）；兼有抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句前（如后一例句）。

同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作主语和表语用法

一、解析非谓动词作主语

1.不定式作主语。如：

To say is easier than to do.

解析：用不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作，并且用it 作形式主语而将其后置。如上例可改为： It is easier to say than to do.

2.动名词作主语。如：

Walking after supper is good for both young and old.

解析：若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。

二、解析非谓语动词作表语

1.不定式作表语。如：

What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.

The library books are not allowed to be taken away. 解

析：不定式作表语时，其后接动词（词组）主动式或

被动式，与其最近的动词采用原形。

2.动名词作表语。如：

His job is teaching.

The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.

解析：动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又具有名

词性，甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例可改为：Teaching is his job.

3.分词作表语。如：

The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.

解析：现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征，表语

与主语之间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译为“某物怎么样”；过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的心理状态，主语和表语之间存在被动关系，并且常以人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样”。具有这一用法的有：surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等。

同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作定语的用法

解析非谓语动词作定语

1.不定式作定语。如：

Every day the workers have a lot of work to do（.动宾关系）She has no wish to go with you（.同位关系）

The second officer to come in was Smith（.主谓关系）

This is the best way to learn a foreign language（.修饰关系）解析：不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，表示

将要发生的动作，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系、同位

关系、主谓关系或修饰关系。

2.动名词作定语。如：

We shall have a writing competition.

There is a swimming pool in the park.

解析：用动名词作定语，起说明被修饰名词性质或用途

的作用。

3.分词作定语。

（1）现在分词作定语。如：

Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace.

The villagers built a road leading to the city.

解析：现在分词作定语时，与它修饰的词之间存在逻辑

上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常性、现

在或当时的状态。

（2）过去分词作定语。如：

There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here. The Olympic Games, first played in 775BC, did not include women players until 1912.

解析：过去分词作定语时，与它所修饰的词之间存在被

动关系。过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作

之前发生，或没有固定的时间性。

同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作表语的用法

解析非谓语动词作宾语

1.不定式作宾语。

如：

She pretended not to see me when I came in.

Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.

解析：有些动词之后要用不定式作宾语。表示某次具体

的动作或行为。类似的动词有hope, agree,

choose,manage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,refuse,arra nge,desire等。

2.动名词作宾语。

如：

Would you mind my opening the window?

He didn ’ t remember having lived with his friend before.

解析：有些动词（词组）后接动名词形式，表示动作的

经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类似的词有 enjoy, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up等。

注意： want, need, require 等动词以物作主语时，其后的

宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的被动式。如Those young trees need watering/ to be watered另.外，还有少数动词，如 mean, stop, try, can ’等thelp后既可接不定式也可接动

名词，但各自发生时间有先后。如：

（1）—The light in the room is still on.

—Oh, I forgot to turn it off.

（2）—Where is your pen?

—Oh, I remember having putting it in my bag.

同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作宾、主语补足语的用法解析非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语

1.不定式作宾语、主语补足语。如：

The policeman told the boy not to play on the road. The

old man was often seen to stand at the door of his

house.

解析：诸如 get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit,

encourage, request, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。但 hope, think, agree, insist, plan, suppose, suggest, announce,

demand等动词不能这样用。如果动词let, have, make, hear,

notice, see, observe, feel, look at, listen to等，用于被动语态中时，则可以用不定式作主语补足语。

2.分词作宾语、主语补足语。

（1）现在分词作宾语、主语补足语。如：

Tom’ s father saw him sitting on the eggs.

Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.

解析：现在分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示现在分词

的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在主

动关系。

（2）过去分词作宾语、主语补足语。如：

I had my house painted last week.

Her book was found stolen when Kate came back home.

解析：过去分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示过去分词

的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主语之间存在被

动关系。

同等学力英语虚拟语气小结（1）

1）语气：

陈述，疑问，祈使，虚拟

2）虚拟语气：表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望，

动词需要用一种特殊形式。

形式分为三类：现在虚拟语气（动词用原形），过去虚

拟语气（动词用过去式，但动词be 要用 were），过去完成形

式（动词用过去完成时）。有些情态动词，如should, would, might 常用在虚拟语气中。

3）虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：

虚拟条件句：就是包含条件从句的句子。

条件句分为：

真实条件句——有些条件句是可能实现的。

虚拟条件句——有些条件句是纯假象的句子。

If we leave now, we can still catch the train.

If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.

If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join the queue.

4)表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件句：⑴表示现在或将

来的虚拟条件句——从句中的谓语（用

过去式形式）；主句谓语（would+动词原形）

If I had a map I would lend it to you.

If you left your bike outside, someone would steal it.

If I were you I ’d plant some trees round the house. 注：

If I were you 句中，were 不能改成 was,但在第三人称

单数后用 was 也可以。如：

If Helen were(was) here how nice it would be!

⑵主句谓语有时也可以由 might, could 构成。

If I could type, I might save a lot of time.

If he had a permit he could get a job.

⑶在条件句从句中有时还可以用were to +动词，或should+动词。

If he were (was) to resign, who would take his place? If I

should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you. ⑷在某些条件从句中（如 were to +动词， should+动词），

if 有时可以省略，这时语序要改为倒装。

Were I Tom, I would refuse.

Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him.

Should she be interested, I ’ll phone her. ⑸从句有时可以用 If it were not for 这种句型，表示“若不

是”。

If it were not for your help, we would be in serious trouble.

同等学力英语虚拟语气小结（2）

表示过去情况的虚拟条件句：（这类从句表示一个与事

实相反的过去情况）

⑴表示过去情况的虚拟条件句——条件从句中的谓语

（相当于过去式的形式）；主句的谓语（would have+过去分词）

If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.

If I had left sooner, I

What would you have done ’d have caught the bus.

if you’d been in my position?

注：在主句中，如果主语是第一人称，可以用should 构

成谓语。

I should (would) have talked it to my mother if I had thought

of it.

⑵主句中也可用 could 和 might 构成，有时还可由 should

构成。

If my father had lived, he could have done all this for me.

If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life.

If he had apologized, you should have done so too.

⑶从句中也可用had not been for来构成谓语，表示“要不

是”。

If it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have got

into serious trouble.

If it hadn’t been for her meticulous care, I wouldn’t h well so soon.

⑷if有时可以省略，但后面部分需要倒装。

Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have

believed it.

Had it not been for their support, we couldn’t have won t election.

Had Mark been in charge, it wouldn’t have happened.

其他知识点：

1)常考点有：对 a、过去的虚拟语气， b、错综句的考查，

c、还有去掉 if 将助动词 had ，情态动词 should，be 动词提前

等

2) 要注意哪些可以用作虚气如as if（though），

if only, demand, insist, suggest但要注意 suggest 表示“表明” 不用虚气 ,如 her expression suggest that she made a mistake.

3) 要求，建，命令等 + (should) do，用虚气 demand, insist, require，request, demand, desire, ask(要求 ),suggest，advise, propose(提 )，urge(催促 )，vote（投票），command(命令 ), order, recommend，intend, petition()。

4) It is adj. that用虚?气important, illegal, essential，vital ，appropriate，unfair，dreadful，strange，surprising，natural，unthinkable

5)It ’s (high) time后的定从句中要用虚气（多用去虚

气）

It ’s high time we went.

6)条件句：有些条件句主句和从句表示的作在上

并不一致。

If the weather had been more favorable, the corps would be growing still better.

If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.