初中英语常用动词搭配及动词短语以及辨析.doc
初中英语常用动词搭配
1.动词后接 to do
ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事order sb to do sth.命令某人做某事want sb to do sth.想要做某事
help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事wish sb to do sth.希望某人做某事would like to do sth.想要做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth.制止某人做某事force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
plan to do sth.计划做某事
prepare to do sth.预备做某事pretend to do sth.假装做某事promise to do sth.许诺做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
fail to do sth.未能做某事
happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
need sb to do sth需要某人做某事2.动词后接 ing
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
escape doing sth.逃脱做某事
feel like doing sth.想要做某事finish doing sth.完成做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事imagine doing sth.想象做某事
mind doing sth.介意做某事
practice doing sth.练习做某事prevent doing sth.阻止做某事
put off doing sth.推迟做某事
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
forbid doing sth.制止做某事
forgive doing sth.原谅做某事
stop doing阻止某人做某事appreciate doing sth.感激做某事
suggest doing sth.建议做某事
be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事pay attention to doing注意做某事
avoid doing避免做某事
3.动词后既接 to 又接 ing
(1) remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事
(2) forget to do sth.忘记要做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
(3) regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事regret doing sth.遗憾做过某事
(4) try to do sth.尽力做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事
(5) stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.停止做（正在做的）
某事
(6) mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
(7 ) can ’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
(8) go on/continue to do sth.继续做另一件事
go on/continue doing sth.继续做同一件事
(9) like/love/hate to do sth具体活动（一次性）
like/love/hate doing sth表示习惯（一贯性）
(10) need/want to do sth.想要做某事（主动）
need/want doing sth.想要被做（被动）(11) allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow doing sth允许做某事
(12) advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
advise doing sth.建议做某事(13) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做
某事
encourage doing sth.
(14) permit sb to do sth 某事
permit doing sth
鼓励做某事
允许某人做
允许做某事
(1) let sb. do sth.
(2) make sb. do sth.
=make sth done
(3) have sb. do sth.
=have sth done
让某人做某事
使某人做某事
使某人做某事
4.动词后接动词原形 do
(4) see sb. do sth. 看见某人做过某事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事
(5) hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过某事
hear sb. doing 听见某人正在做某事
(6) find sb. do sth. 发现某人做过某事
find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
(7) watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事
(8) had batter do sth. 最好做某事
4.接双宾语
( 一 ) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to 的常用动词（多表示动词的方向）bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况
throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信
( 二 ) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for 的常用动词（多表示动词的目的）book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb.为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb.为某人采摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb.为某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb.为某人唱某物（歌）
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb.为某人偷某物
初中英语常用动词短语整理
5.Be 动词结构
be able to do 能够做??
be afraid to do ( 内心 ) 害怕不敢做某事
be afraid of doing 担心出现 doing 的状况、结果
be angry with 对??生气
be at home = stay at home待在家里
be back/in/out 回来 / 在家 / 外出
be bad for 对??有害
be busy doing/with sth 忙于做?? ( 忙于?? )
be careful of 当心，注意，仔细
be covered with 被??覆盖
be different from 与??不同
be famous/known as 作为??出名
be famous/known for 以??而著名
be free 空闲的，有空
be friendly/kind to 对??友好
be from = come from 来自?，什么地方人
be full of/filled with 装满??
be good at= do well in 擅长于?
be good for 对??有好处
be (ill) in bed 卧病在床
be interested in 对??感兴趣
be in trouble 处于困境中
be late for 迟到
be mad at 对??生气
be made from/of 由??制成
be made in 在??地方制造
be made up of 由??构成
be on 在进行，在上演，（灯）亮着
be pleased with 对?感到高兴
be polite/impolite to 对某人有礼貌 / 不礼貌
be popular with受??欢迎；
be proud of对??感到自豪
be ready for为??作好准备
be satisfied with对??感到满意（高兴）be surprised (at)对??感到惊讶
be strict in sth.对某事严格
be strict with sb.对某人严格
be supposed to do sth.应该做某事
be used for doing被用来做某事
be used to do被用来做某事
be used to doing习惯于
be worried about =be anxious about担忧6.短语（首字母排列）
aim at针对?
agree with sb.同意某人的意见或建议
ask for请求、索要
ask for a day off请一天假
add? to ?把?和?加起来
achieve a victory取得胜利
arrive in到达﹙大地方﹚
arrive at到达﹙小地方﹚
argue with与?争吵
apologize to向?道歉
break up with sb. 与某人断绝关系
break out 爆发
break down 出毛病，拆开
break off 解散，解雇
break the rule 违规
break into 破门而入
believe in 信任
begin/start with以?开始
belong to属于?
built ? into ?把?建成?
base on 以?为基础
borrow ? from ?向?借??
come into being 形成、出现
come true 实现
come for a visit 来参观
come on 快，走吧，跟我来
come back 回来
come to do sth. 逐渐做某事
come about 发生
come from 来自?
come up with 提出主意想法
come along 出现、发生
come over 过来
come into 进入?里
come in 进来
come out 出来，出现，出版
come out of 从?里出来
catch up with 赶上?
catch a fire 着火
catch hold of 抓住?
catch a bus 赶公共汽车
cut up 切碎
cut in half 切成半
cut off 切断﹙电源、水源﹚
cut in line 插队
care for 关心、关爱
care about 在意
call for 号召
call back 回电话
call at sp. 拜访某地
call on sb. 拜访某人
call out 呼喊
call up 给?打电话
call sb. at some number 给某人打某个号码calm down 镇静下来
communicate with 与?交流
complain about 抱怨?
can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事clean up清理、打扫干净
carry out执行
connect?to? 把?和?连起来
chat on line网上聊天
check over检查
drop by 顺便拜访
drop out of school 辍学
drop litter 丢垃圾
do an experiment 做实验
do an operation on sb.给某人做手术
do sth. in person 亲自做某事
do business 做生意
do exercise 做操
do with=deal with 处理
do wrong 做错事
do one ’ s homework =do one ’lesson 做作业
do some sports做运动
do morning exercises做早操
do well in做得好，擅长于
do the dishes洗餐具
do one ’ s best to do sth.尽力做某事do some cleaning扫除
do some reading读书
do some shopping购物
do some cooking做饭
do the laundry洗衣服
do some chores做杂务
disagree with sb. 不同意某人意见describe ? as?把?描绘为?
die of 死于﹙直接内因，如疾病、饥渴﹚
die from 死于﹙间接外因，如车祸、天灾﹚die out 灭绝
drive sb. crazy 使某人发疯
drive to ?开车去?
divide ? into ?把?分成?
depend on 依赖?
decide on sth. 对??做决定
dry out 干涸
dry up 烘干
dream of梦想?
draw up 起草、拟定
dress up装扮、打扮
e-mail sb.给某人发电子邮件
enjoy oneself玩得愉快
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
end up doing sth.结束做某事
explain to sb sth=explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事
eat up吃光
fall behind 落后
fall off 从??掉下
fall down 滑到，倒下（后接宾语要加from ）fall over 向前摔倒、跌倒
fall into 落入；陷入
fall ill 病倒
fall asleep 入睡
fall in love with 爱上、迷恋
fight against 与?作斗争
follow the rules 遵守规则
fail the exam 考试不及格
find out 查明﹙原因、真相﹚
feel like doing 想做某事
fly a kite 放风筝
fly to 乘飞机去?
fit into ?适应?
fill in =fill out 填充填写
fill ? with ?用?填?
feel sorry for 因?而难过
fold the clothes 叠衣服
get on上﹙车、船、飞机等﹚
get off下﹙车、船、飞机等﹚
get up起来、起床
get good grades取得好成绩
get over客服
get rid of除掉?
get to到达
get out of从?里出来
get into进入get in the way of 妨碍
get together 聚会
get into trouble 陷入困境
get out of trouble 脱离困境
get used to ﹙ doing ﹚sth. 习惯﹙做﹚某事get to do sth. 着手做某事
get ready for 为?做准备
get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境get away from 远离?
get a sore back 背痛
get back to sb. 过会儿与某人通话﹙打电话用语﹚
get on/along well with 与相处?融洽get to know 认识
get married to 与某人结婚
get in touch with 与?取得联系
go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧
go to ?去?
go home 回家
go out 出去
go out for ?出去做?
go down/along 沿着?走
go to school 上学
go to the doctor ’去医务室
go to the cinema 去看电影
go across ?穿过?﹙平面﹚
go to work 上班
go bad 变坏
go by 流逝﹙时间﹚
go one ’ s own way 走自己的路
go for a walk去散步
go sightseeing去观光
go away 走开
go to sleep入睡
go to bed上床睡觉
go on with继续?
go shopping去购物
go hiking去远足
go abroad出国
go over复习
go downstairs/upstairs下楼/上楼
go on a trip去旅游
give in ﹙ doing ﹚ sth. 屈服﹙做﹚某事 give up
﹙ doing ﹚ sth. 放弃﹙做﹚某事
give away赠送
give out颁发
give back归还
give off发出﹙气味、烟雾等﹚
give sb. some advice给某人提建议
give a talk作报告
give lessons to sb.给某人上课
give sb. a good beating好好教训某人一下give sb. a hand帮某人忙
grow up长大
have a good time 玩得愉快
have a discussion 进行讨论
have a party 举行聚会
have a meeting 开会
have nothing to do with与?无关
have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难have difficulty/ trouble doing sth. 费力做某事
have fun 玩得愉快
have a fever 发烧
have a cold 感冒
have a cough 咳嗽
have a stamachache 胃痛
have fun doing sth. 愉快地做某事
have a match 举行比赛
have a fight with 与?比赛、斗争
have no idea of 不知道?
have a hard time doing sth. 艰难地做某事have sth. to do with 与?有关
have an accident 发生事故
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早、午、晚饭
have class 上课
have water 喝水
have a conversation with与?会话
have a look at看一下?
have a talk with与?谈话
have a problem with做某事有疑难
have a good trip路途愉快have a try 试一下
have a laugh at 嘲笑 . ?
have a pity on sb. 同情某人
have a rest休息一下
have a word with 与??谈几句话
hear of 听说
hear from 收到?的来信
hands up 举手
hand in 上交
hand out 分发
hold up 抓住、握住
hold a meeting 举行会议
hold an exhibition 举行展览
happen to do sth. 恰巧做某事
hurry up 赶快
hurry off 匆忙离开
help oneself to sth. 随便用?
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
It ’s one ’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事insist on doing sth..坚持做某事
join in穿着
join together团结起来
join the army参军
join the party入党
keep（ stay ）away from远离
keep out 不让进入
keep down 压低﹙音量等﹚
keep a pet 饲养宠物
keep in good mood 保持好心情
keep on doing 一直做某事
keep healthy 保持健康
keep in good health 保持健康
keep up with 跟上?
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事keep off 防御
keep in touch with 与?保持联系
knock at=knock on 敲?
knock into撞到某人身上
learn ? by oneself自学?
learn ? from?向?学习
learn ? by heart记住?
leave for离开去某处
leave sth. somewhere把某物忘在某处leave school毕业
leave one by oneself把某人单独留下leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信lead to 导致
live on ?以?为生
live a happy life 过着幸福的生活
look after 照看?
look for 寻找?
look down on 藐视?
look up 查找﹙字词等﹚
look over 检查﹙身体等﹚
look forward to 盼望?
look on ?as 把看作?
look at 看?
look like 看起来像?
look around 环顾
look out 当心
look out of 向?外面看
look through 浏览
look the same 看起来一样
look inside 向?里面看
laugh at 嘲笑
lose touch with 与?失去联系
let sb. in 让某人进去
lie dowm 躺下
make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归make one ’s mind to do sth.决心做某事make a face=make faces 做鬼脸
make money 挣钱
make fool of sb.愚弄某人
make a journey旅行
make progress取得进步
make a countribution to为?做贡献make a noise吵闹
make a fire生火make a mistake犯错误
make? of ?由?制作?﹙看出原材料﹚
make? from ?由?制作?﹙看不出原材料﹚make up 编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成make up of ?由?组成
make a plan 定计划
make one’ s bed 整理床铺
make a report 编写报告
make sure of 确信?
make use of 利用?
make a sentence with 用?造句
make a decision 做出决定
make oneself understood 表达自己的意思make a survey of 调查?
make preparation for 为?做准备
make friends with 与??交朋友
make a living 谋生
major in 专修
match ? with ?把?和?搭配起来
move to 搬到?
mistake ? for ?把?错认为?
meet with遇到﹙困难、麻烦等﹚
mix up 混合
name sb./ 把某人 / 某物叫做X
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 open
up 完全打开
play football踢足球
play chess下棋
play cards打牌
play bridge打桥牌
play the guitar弹吉他
play the violin弹小提琴
play sports做运动
play games玩游戏
play with玩耍?
play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑
play the CD.播放
play the music播放音乐
play a part in在?中扮演角色
play a role of扮演?的角色
play against 与?比赛send? for ?派?请?
play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏send into 送入?里
pay for 付?款send away 驱逐
pay attention to 注意?send off 解雇
pass by 路过?send out 发出，发出，派遣
put on 穿上、上映shake hands with 与?握手
put down 写下stick ? into ?把?插入?里
put away 把?收拾起来stick doing sth. 坚持做某事
put ? into ?把?放入?里stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事put up 举起、张贴stare at 盯着?
put out 熄灭sell out 买光
put off 推迟see a doctor 看医生
put back 放回see sb. off 为某人送行
prevent sb. ﹙ from ﹚ doing sth. 阻止某人做see a film 看电影
某事 prefer to do rather than do 与做另say goodbye to sb. 向某人告别
一件事相比更喜欢做某事say hello to sb. 向某人问好
prefer ﹙ doing ﹚ sth. to ﹙doing ﹚ sth. set up 竖立、建造
与?相比更喜欢?set up one ’s mind on sth. 全神贯注于?point to 指向set off 出发，动身，使爆炸，引起
poin at 指着set out 出发，启程，开始，着手
point out 指出set an example for 为??树立榜样practice doing sth. 练习做某事speak of 讲到
pick up 拾起，接人，站起，收听speak highly of 称颂?
search for 搜索，寻找
run away 逃跑start to do sth. 着手做某事
run after 追赶start with ?以?开始
run out of 用光、从?里跑出来spend﹙ time/money ﹚on sth.= spend
run over to ?跑过去到?﹙ time/money ﹚﹙ in ﹚doing sth. 花费﹙时
read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听间 / 金钱﹚做某事
read sth. for sb. 替某人读某物spend time with sb. 和某人呆在一起receive a letter from ?收?到来信sort ? into ?把?划分成?
rain heavily 下大雨show sb. around somewhere 领某人参观某处ride a bike 骑自行车show up 露面
rise up 升起stay in bed 呆在床上
raise money 筹集资金slow down 减速
refer to 涉及、提到smile at 对?微笑
regard ? as ?把?看作?suit sb. 适合某人
reach out 伸出﹙手等﹚share ? with ?与?分享?
stay up 熬夜
send up 发射stand for 代表，象征
send an e-mail发送电子邮件stand up 起立
send for ?派人请?succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事
shut up关闭
shout to (为了让人听到) 对?喊
shout at (因生气等)向?喊
seem like好像
sweep the floor拖地
step on践踏，踩
take a message for sb. 给某人捎个信
take a bus 乘工交车
take one ’s order 按某人的顺序
take a walk 散步
take ? to ?把?带到?去
take a shower 淋浴
take after 与?相像
take away 带走
take the medicine 服药
take exercise 锻炼
take it easy 不要紧
take one ’s temperature 量某人的体温take off 起飞 / 脱下﹙衣服、鞋帽等﹚
take a lesson/class 上课
take a day off 休一天假
take an exam 参加考试
take ? out of ?把?从?中取处来
take a rest 休息一下
take one ’s turn to do sth. 按某人顺序做某事 take part in 参加﹙活动﹚
take ? as an example 拿?当作例子
take over 接管
take care of 照顾、照看
take in 吸取，吸收
take up 占据﹙空间、时间﹚
take the pride in以?而骄傲﹙强调动作﹚take place 发生﹙不及物﹚
take the leading position 占主导地位take a swimming course 上游泳课
take a deep breath 深呼吸
take the place of 代替?
take a photo of 照?的相
talk about 谈论?
talk with 与?谈话
talk to对?谈话turn left ﹙right ﹚向左﹙右﹚转
turn up 调高﹙音量等﹚
turn down 调低﹙音量等﹚
turn on 打开﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚
turn off 关闭﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚
turn over 翻开，翻转
turn ? into ?把?变成?
turn to ?转向?
turn green 变绿
think about 考虑、思考?
think of 想起、想到?
think over 仔细考虑
think up 想出（设计出、发明、编造）
tell sb. about sth. 把某物的情况告诉某人tell a joke 讲笑话
tell a story 讲故事
try on 试穿
try one ’ s best to do sth. . 尽力做某事thanks for 感谢?
travel to ?到?旅行
tie ? to ?把?绑到?上
treat ? as ?把?当作?来对待
trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事throw away扔掉
translate ?into ?把?翻译成?
urge sb. to do sth.强烈要求某人做某事use up 用尽
used to do sth.过去经常做某事
visit sb/somewhere看望某人/参观某处
wake up 醒来、叫醒
welcome to ?欢迎到?来
wait for 等待?
wait in line 排队等候
write to ?给?写信
write down 记下
win the World Cup赢得世界杯
win a prize获奖
wear out穿坏
wear glasses戴眼镜
wipe off擦去，拭去
work out解决﹙问题、麻烦等﹚
work on从事?
walk along/down沿着?走
watch a game观看比赛
warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
warn sb. against(doing)sth. 告诫某人当心
某事 / 不要做某事
worry about?担心?
中考英语近义动词（词组）辨析1. 辨析 take ；cost ； spend ； pay
主语为人的有spend 和 pay；主语为物的有cost （ 1） spend 多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。；主语常为“ it ”的有 take.
spend? on sth / (in)doing sth ，
例如： I spent 15 yuan on this new book.
（ 2） take 常用于 "It takes sb. some time to do sth"句型中，例如：
（3） pay 常与 for 连用，表“付给??款”。例如：
I paid 15 Yuan for this new book.
（4） cost 常用物作主语，表“价值或花费多少钱” ，例如：
This new book cost me 15 Yuan.
【例题】 How much money did you in fixing your watch
A. cost
B. pay
C. spend
2.辨析bring; take; get；carry
（ 1） bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”，由远及近。例如：You’d better finish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
May I bring Tom along Bring the book to me, please.
（2）take 指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到”离说话人较远处，由近及远。例如：Could you take the book to the classroom I am busy now.
（3） get 指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如：
（ 4） carry 不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如The buses and taxis are carry people here and there.
The box is so heavy that the little boy can ’t carry it.
【例题】 I don ’ t know where Wenchuan Country is.
---- Let me a map of China for you.
A. take
B. bring
C. fetch
D. carry
3. 辨析 take part in ； join
take part in 指“参加某活动、比赛” 。
join 指“加入某组织或人群
【例题】 Many famous pop stars the charity show.
A. join
B. take part in
C. took part in
4. 辨析 put on ； wear； dress ；in
put on表“穿上”，强调穿衣的动作，后接衣服作宾语，代词放中间。
Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy.
He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out.
wear 表“穿着”，强调穿的状态，后接衣服作宾语。
- “What is she wearing”
- “She’s wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.”
dress表“给?穿衣服”，宾语为人。
My mother is dressing herself.
My little brother is too young. Mom dresses him every morning.
in 后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着??颜色衣服的”。例如：
The man in black is my father.
Have you seen a boy in a red sweater
【例题】 Can you_____ your little brother I’m busy now.
--- OK. I ’ll do it right now.
A. wear
B. put on
C. dress
D. in
5.辨析have been to；have gone to
have been to表“曾经去过某地”（已经回来了）。
have gone to表“已经去了某地”（还没回）
【例题】 Maria is wanted on the telephone. Where is she
---- She ________ the library. You can find her there.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. has left
D. will leave
6.辨析 tell; talk; say; speak
tell 表“告诉，讲述” ，多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语。
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
Granny often tells me funny stories.
The policeman told us not to play football in the street again.
talk 表“交谈、谈论” ， talk多是不及物动词，常与with/to/about搭配使用再接宾语。如：They are talking about their friends now.
I will talk to your father about your health next time.
Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting.
say表“说”作及物动词，后接说话的内容做宾语。
Did you say goodbye to your granny
speak 表“讲”后接某种语言作宾语，打电话时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容。
We can speak Chinese and English.
May I speak to Henry
He will speak at the meeting tonight.
【例题】 Our English teacher often us stories in English.
A. tells
B. speaks
C. talks
7.辨析look up；look for；find；find out
look up表“查找”后接“词典、书、电话簿”等。
look for表“寻找”强调找的动作。
find表“找到”强调结果。
find out表“找出，发现，查明”。
【例题】 What's the matter
----I am having trouble ____ who has taken my book.. (2008
山东青岛)
A. finding
B. looking for
C. finding out
D. looking up
8.辨析reach；arrive；get
这三个单词都可表“到达”，但只有reach 是及物动词，后可直接接地名.
We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.
arrive 须与 in/at连用，arrive in+大地名，arrive at+小地名.
We have already arrived in Shanghai.
They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.
get 须与 to 连用，即get to+地名。
I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.
注意：当表示到达here, there, home时，arrive或get后不要加介词。
When did you get home When will you arrive there
【例题】 It's reported the Olympic flame for 2008 Beijing Games________Beijing International Airport on March 31, 2008.
A. reached to
B. arrived at
C. got at
D. entered in
9.辨析lend; borrow; keep
borrow 指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from 连用。例如：
May I borrow some money from you
You can borrow books from the library.
lend 指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to 连用， lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人。
例如：
Could you lend me some money
The library lends books to the students.
keep 指“保存”，是延续性动词，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，而其它两个是非延续性动词。
例如：
How long may I keep the book I have kept the book for 3 weeks.
【例题】 You have my dictionary for two weeks.
A. lent
B. borrowed
C. kept
10.辨析forget; leave
forget表“遗忘某物” ，后不接地点。
leave 表“把某物遗忘在某处”，后接地点。
【例题】 This morning I went to school in such a hurry that I my notebook at home.
A. left
B. forgot
C. lost
11.辨析receive; accept
receive 的意思是“收到了??”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义。例如：
I received a gift from her, but I returned it back to her this morning.
accept 表示“接受??” ，“同意接纳??”。如接受物体、邀请、批评等，反义词为refuse 。
He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.
’t know who it was from.
【例题】 I _________a strange gift yesterday, and I still don
A. took
B. accepted
C. received
D. brought
12.辨析 win ；beat
win 表“赢”，后面接的不是被打败的对手，而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次、奖品等。例如：Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.
beat 表示“赢”或“打败” ，后面要接被打败的对手。例如：
Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1.。
【例题】 Our team the match. We’ve got the first place.
A. hit
B. beat
C. won
13.辨析be made of；be made from
两者都指“由?制成” ， be made of看得出原料；be made from看不出原料
【例题】 The desks are made ______ wood.
A. from
B. of
C. in
D. by
14.辨析 hope ； wish
它们都可表“希望” ，它们后都可以接动词不定式和宾语从句。
wish 接的宾语从句常用过去时态表难以实现的愿望，wish 可以接双宾语。
hope 接的宾语从句常用将来时态，一般表示能够实现的希望，hope 不能接双宾语。
hope to do sth (√ )hope sb to do sth (× )wish sb to do sth (√ ) hope sb sth (× )wish sb sth (√)
【例题】 _________you good luck in the new year!-----The same to you.
A. Hope
B. Want
C. Wish
D. Like
15. 辨析 sound； listen ； hear
sound 表“听起来”是系动词，常接形容词作表语。
listen 表“听”是不及物动词，须与to 连用才能接宾语，表示听的动作。
hear 表“听见、听到” ，强调听的结果
【例题】 Can you ____ some animals
A. hear
B. listen to
C. look
16. 辨析 look ； see ； watch ； read
look看，表动作，须与at连用才能接宾语，表“朝?看”，强调看的方向。
see 表“看到” ，强调看的结果。
watch 表“观看” ，尤其指看活动的画面，如电视，球赛等
read 读书看报等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now.
【例题】 I the blackboard carefully, and I my name on it.
A. looked at; watched
B. looked at; saw
C. watched; saw
17.辨析 reply; answer
reply 表“回复、答复” ，是不及物动词 , 常与 to 连用后才能接宾语。
He didn ’t want to reply to my questions.
answer 表“回答、答复” ，是及物动词，后面可直接接宾语。
【例题】You must me soon.
A. answer to
B. reply to
C. write
18.辨析lie; lay
；
（ 1） lie有多个意思：表示“躺；展示；位于”时，其变化是：lay,lain, lying
表示“说谎”时，其变化是：lied, lied, lying
I saw an old man lying on the street.
Don’t believe him.He always lies.
（ 2） lay 的含意是“放置、产卵”等。其变化是：laid, laid, laying.
I can ’t find my book anywhere. I remember that I laid it on the desk last night.
19.辨析 join; join in;take part in
都表示“参加” 。
Join ①指加入某组织并成为其中一员。
②和某人一道做某事，其结构为：
如：
When did your brother join the army
join (doing)sth.,根据上下文,in(doing) sth. 也可以省去.
Will you join us in the discussion你参加我们的讨论吗
He’ ll join us in singing the song.他将和我们一道唱歌.
join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等, 常用于日常口语。如：
Come along,and join in the ball game.
take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等, 着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用. 如：We’ ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
20.辨析get;turn;become
这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become 则强调职务、职称等的变化。如：The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越来越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出问题，脸红了。
When did you become a teacher - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师十年前。
初中英语句型
1．I think ?意为“我认为??”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think ?
I don ’ t think+ 肯定句我想... 不
don ’t think I ’ ll take it. ( 我想我不买它了)
请注意 : 中文意思否定在从句中, 但是英语的表达否定在主句中。
be 结构There ＋ be ＋主语＋地点状语／时间状语
。如： There are twenty
(1) 这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有” girls in
our class.
have 与there be 的区别，have 的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语一般为人。have a nice watch.
(2)There be结构中的be动词的单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定。
(3)There is a river near our school.
否： There is not a river near our school.
问： Is there a river near our school.
回答： Yes, there is. No, there isn’ t.
划⑴ How many rivers are there near our school
⑵What’ s near our school
(4) there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be 或there will be 。
(5)反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there
,neither 引导的倒装句, 为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither 引导的倒装句。
(1) So + be／助动词／情态动词+主语．前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒
装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”
Mike has bought some foreign stamps.
So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.
(2) 前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“ Neither/Nor + be／助动词／情态动词+主语 . ”这种倒装结构。
Yao Ming didn ’t take part in the 30th Olympic Games.
--Nor did David.=David didn ’t take part in the 30th Olympic Games,either.
注意：“ So+主语 +be／助动词／情态动词．”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示
“的确如此。”“是呀。”
---The book is a good book.
---Tom is a lazy boy. ---So it is.=The book is really a good book.
---So he is.= Tom is really a lazy boy.
4.征求意见的表达方式
(1) Would you like to do sth.你愿意做??吗
(2) Let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to 的动词不定式，其否定式为Don’t let sb， do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth.另外，Let’s与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，
后者不包括听者在内。
(3)What about ?/How about ?意为“??怎么样”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。
about 为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing 等形式。
(4) Why not do sth. =Why don’t you do sth .为什么不做某事呢
Why don't youcome to school a little earlier为什么不早点到校呢
Why not join us为什么不加入我们
(5) Shall sb. do sth.??好吗要不要??sb.为第一和第三人称。
Shall I turn off the light我把灯关掉好吗
Shall he wait for you
5. I t ’s time to do?/ It’s time for sth.意为“该做??的时间了”，其中to 后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing 形式。
It’ s time to have lunch.=It’s time for lunch.
6. It’ s+时间+since动词过去式.自从...起已有...时间了。
It ’ s two weeks since we met last.自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了.
How long is it since we left Beijing自从我们离开北京已有多久了
7. It takes sb. some time to do sth．
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正
的主语 . = some time on sth. (in) doing sth.
It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half an hour in doing the work.
8．? think ／ find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）
才是真正的宾语。
find it useful to learn English well. ( 我发觉学好英语是很有用的)
find + 宾语 +名词find him a good boy. 我发现他是个好男孩.
find + 宾语+形容词find the door open/closed. 我发现门开/ 关着
I find our bags filled with/full of presents. 我发现我们的包装满了礼物
9．What’s wrong with ?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with ?后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了”
后跟某人作宾语时，意为“某人怎么了”
What's wrongwith you你怎么啦
What's wrongwith your watch你的手表有什么毛病
10.祈使句 +and ( 那么 )+ 陈述句
Go straight on and you’ ll see a school. =If you go straight on, you’ll see a school.
祈使句 +or （否则） +陈述句
Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.=If you don’ t work hard, you’ ll fall behind the other.
11．too ?to ? " 太?而不能 " " 太?以致于不"
经常与 so?that ?转换。在so?that?复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句t oo?to ?（太??而不能??）进行句型转换。
This colour TV is so expensive that we
’ t afford it.=This colour TV is too expensive
can for us to buy.
The basket is so heavy that I can ’ t carry it.=The basket is too heavy for me to carry.
.
在 so?that ?复合句中， that 后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句? enough to ?进行句型转换 He is
so clever that he work out the problem.=He is clever enough to work out the problem.
12. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。
[ 用法 ] used to +动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。
[ 搭配 ] used to do 的否定式可以是usedn’t to do 或 didn ’t use t o do.
[ 比较 ] used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。
13. What do you mean by ?.你?.是什么意思
相当于 What does ? mean或What's the meaning of?
What do you mean by "lol"
What does " lol' mean
What's the meaning of "lol"
14. What do you think of ?. ( = How do you like ?.) 你认为? . 怎么样
How do you like China 你觉得中国怎么样
What does he look like
他长什么样（询问外貌）
----He is tall and handsome.
What is he like他这个人怎么样（询问性格、品质）
----He is kind and friendly.
What does he like他喜欢/爱好什么（询问爱好）
----He likes playing tennis.
15.The + 比较级， the+ 比较级，意思为“越??，越??”
The more, the better 。越多越好 .
The harder you work on it, the better you ’ ll be at it.
16. Thanks for doing sth. 谢谢你做了某事 . Thank ＋ sb. ＋ for （ doing ） sth ．
Thanks for helping me.=Thank you for helping me.
Thank you for coming to see me ．感谢你来看我。
17. It is said that ?.. 据说??
It is said that we had a new teacher.
18. I don ’ t know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办
I don ’ t know how to do.×
19. What...for 为何目的为什么
do you want a science lab for=Why do you want a science lab
20.one of + 最高级 +复数最... 之一
eg. Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.
21. It is+ adj.+of /for sb+to do sth.
It is very good of you to teach me English.
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
22. make sb /sth +adj使某人（某物）怎么样你教我英语真是太好了.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
You must made your bed clean.
23. keep sb. ／ sth. ＋ adj. ／ V-ing ／介词补语／adv.
You must keep your classroom clean ．你们必须保持教室干净。
Sorry to havekept you waiting ．对不起，让你久等。
Can you keep himin the room 你能让他在这个房里吗
Keep them here ．让他们在这儿呆着。
24. What's the population of ．．．?人口有多少谓语动词用单数，人口多用large ，人口少用small.
What's thepopulation of Germany 德国的人口有多少