词法翻译篇练习
词法翻译篇
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译
第一节翻译中的选义
一
1. 他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。
He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change dressing[1] in the hospital.
2. 佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。
The life of a tenant farmer’s family was of course hard, but we somehow managed to scrape along because mother was a clever and able woman.
3. 豪华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。
You will be enchanted by the unique European style of Fuhua furniture
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4. 我那新郎官哪！那个死东西！他就是死也不肯仅洞房。
My betrothed! Damn him, he simply refused to come into the bridal chamber!
二、量词搭配
1. 一窝蜜蜂a swarm of bees 一窝小鸡a brood of chickens 一窝幼犬a litter of pups
2. 一群美女a bevy of beautiful ladies 一群猎狗a pack of hounds
一群鸭 a team of ducks 一群羚羊 a herd of antelopes
3. 积极支持unfailing support 积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy
积极利用国外资源make effective use of overseas resources
4. 打电话make a phone call 打的take a taxi 打毛衣knit a woolen sweater
打水fetch water 打农药spray insecticide
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5. 基本工资basic wage 基本建设capital construction 基本物质essential commodity 基本工业primary industry 基本利益fundamental interest
三、翻译句子（“意见”与“事”）
1.两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。
The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.
2.党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。
Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.
3.他们对这项计划提出了修改的意见。
They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.
4.大家对这一做法很有意见。
`
Everyone complained against such a practice.
5.他们在会上闹起了意见。
They had a dispute at the meeting.
6.你应该听从医生的意见。
You should follow the doctor’s advice.
7.他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。
They reached a consensus on this issue.
8.还有些未完成的事要处理。
There is still some unfinished business to settle.
9.我们就这件事请教过他。
…
We have consulted him about the matter.
10.请回去吧，这里没你的事了。
Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.
第二节翻译中的选词
那要看情况如何。That depends upon circumstances.
这种情况必须改变。This state of affairs must be changed.
他们的情况怎么样How do matters stand with them
严格训练，严格要求。Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand.开船set sail 开盘open quotation 开工go into operation
1.连续下了三天大雨。
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It rained cats and dogs three days on end/ in succession.
2.他爱说大话。
He like talking big/large/horse/tall. He likes saying big words.
3.他们在给教师大扫除。
They are giving the classroom a good (general/spring/thorough) clean.
4.他这样的人大有人在。
A person like him is by no means/ in no way/ on no account rare.
5.根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。
We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.
6.如果你那样干，你大错特错了。
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If you do it like that, you’ll be completely mistaken/ be absolutely wrong/ make a big mistake/ make a major blunder/ commit a very gross error.
第三节翻译中的多样性
1.你两个已是情投意合，竟把你许了他，岂不好
IT sounds as if the two of you are always of one mind. How would it be if we wee to betroth you to him.
2.一面说，一面咬牙切齿的，又说道……
Through clenched teeth he added...
3.他倒不怨我，他临死咬牙切齿，倒恨宝玉呢。
She bore me grudge. It was Baoyu who made her grind her teeth with rage just before she died 4.凤姐忙收了怯色，反喝道：“死了罢了，有什么大惊小姑的！”
But after her initial fright Xifeng put on a bold face. “If she’s dead,” she retorted, “What’s all the fuss about”
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成语翻译
1.我说你“得陇望蜀”呢。
The more you get, the more you want.
2.得陇望蜀，人之常情。
It’s only natural for man to hanker for more.
3.他们两个鬼鬼祟祟的，不知道在说些什么。
Goodness knows what they’re being so secretive about.
4.这两天她经常往这里跑，鬼鬼祟祟的，不知干些什么事。
She’s been creeping in here the last couple of day s in a very sneaky way. Goodness knows what she’s up to.
5.谁告诉你们了你们这样大惊小怪的。
；
Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing
6.还是随便一点吧，不必大惊小怪的。
Anything will do; don’t fuss.
7.奶奶病着呢，别大惊小怪的
Our grandma is ill; don’t kick up such a shindy[2].
8.大家听了，说：“我当是谁呢，这样大惊小怪的。没必要吧。”
When others heard this they commented, “We thought it was someone who mattered, but this isn’t worth making such a fuss about.”
第二章词法翻译得到一般技巧
第一节对等译法
一、翻译句子
!
1.只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。
Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards.
2.再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。
Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.
3.寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒地从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。健康的身体
是做人做事的真正本钱。
Dear young friends, my advice to you：Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal[3] for a successful life and career.
二、翻译成语
浑水摸鱼fish in troubled waters 称心如意be after one’s own heart
皮包骨头skin and bones 一触即发touch and go
一语道破hit the nail on the head 出人头地be head and shoulders above others
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充耳不闻turn a deaf ear to 破釜沉舟burn on e’s boat
视而不见turn a blind eye to 大海捞针look for a needle in a bundle of hay
三、翻译谚语
熟能生巧Practice makes perfect. 欲速则不达More haste, less speed.
出门一里，不如家里。East or west, home is best.
拉入篮里就是菜。All is fish that comes to the net.
皇天不负有心人。Everything comes to him who waits.
小巫见大巫。The moon is not seen when the sun shines
三思而后行。Look before you leap.
无风不起浪。There is no smoke without fire.
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第二节增词译法
一、注意增补代词
请把练习本交上来。Hand in your exercise-book, please.
我不能用英语表达思想。I can’t express myself in English.
自由主义观有各种表现。Liberalism manifests itself in various ways.
不要过分劳累。Don’t overwork yourself.
我想借此机会向你们表达我们的感谢。I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.
二、注意增补动词
他们意气风发。They are in high spirits.
他们喜形于色。They beamed with joy.
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他眼明手快。He is quick of eye and deft of hand.
这篇文章浅显易懂。This article is easy to read and understand.
我对他敬而远之。I stood aloof from him.
三、从文化角度增补词语
凭你有李、杜的文，颜、曾的行，却是也没一个人来问你。
You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen— both of them were disciples of Confucius, no one would ask your advice.
班门弄斧to show off one’s proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter
济公劫富济贫Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor
百花齐放let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views
黑孩子black children, who are born in violation of China’s one-child policy
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第三节减词译法
一、注意省略原文的范畴词
改革开放扭转了经济停滞不前的局面。
Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy.
讨论的范围涉及中美关系。
The discussion covered Sino-US relations.
1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。
In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.
会议上，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权的问题。
During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual propert ies rights.》
今年上半年进出口计划的执行情况，也是很好的。
Our import-export in the first half of this year has gone very well.
二、注意省略原文的重复成分
1. 双方认为应把中美关系放在世界范围来看，应着眼于未来，着眼于21世纪。
The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from a perspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.
2. 出现问题也容易纠正和改正。
When problems emerge, they can be easily put right.
3. 增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识而后开拓创新意识。
Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.
4. 沉默啊！沉默！不知沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。
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Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.
5. 生产力是最活跃、最革命的因素，是社会发展的最终决定力量。
Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the ultimate decisive force of social development.
6. 中国共产党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人们的根本利益。
Out party must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces; the orientatio n of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.
三、注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语
1. 我们需要从其他国家进口先进工艺设备。
We need to import advanced industrial equipment.
2. 那是骗人的幌子。
That is a fa?ade.
~
3. 艰苦奋斗的精神要贯彻始终。
We must adhere to the principle of plain living and hard struggle.
4. 我们要大力发扬求真务实，勇于创新的精神。
We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.
5. 这就彻底打破了他华而不实的梦想。
This shattered his illusion.
6. 我们强烈要求美国政府就这次事件向中国郑重道歉。
We demand that US government apologize to China for this incident.
7. 鼓励国内外投资者到中西部投资。
Encourage both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.
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第四节合并译法
一、合并译法，翻译下列四字成语或词组
花言巧语fine words 油嘴滑舌glib tongue 精疲力竭exhausted
吞吞吐吐stumbling 调兵遣将move forces 破釜沉舟burn one’s boat
二、句子翻译
1. 我穿上我那身破烂衣服，钻到那空甜桶里去呆着，这才发掘自己自由自在，心满意足。
I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead大桶again, and was free and satisfied.
2. 这五场演出时场场爆满，座无虚席，许多观众只好立足观赏。
Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house, with many spectators having to stand.
3. 他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。
》
He is determined to turn over a new leaf.
4. 海峡两岸的中国人民都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。
The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.
5. 全体成员精诚合作，上下一心。
All the staff unite in absolute sincerity.
6. 你来之前，我无所事事，只是游手好闲，逢场作戏。
Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.
7. 他想远走高飞，免得心烦。
He sought the distraction of distance.
第五节转性译法
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1. 代表们一致表示反对核武器。
The delegates unanimously expressed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons.
2. 他的新书十分成功。
His new book is a great success.
3. 她的声音响彻整个屋子。
Her voice rings through the house.
4. 这里人烟稠密。The area is densely populated.
5. 她不得已当了导游。She acted as a reluctant tourist guide.
6. 氧是物质世界的重要元素之一，它的化学反应很强。
Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world; it is very active chemically. @
7. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。
This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.
8. 这咖啡有点巧克力的味道。
This coffee tastes of chocolate.
9. 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.
10. 如果旅馆都满客了，我们可以给你提供住处。
We can house you if the hotels are full.
第六节换形译法
1. 实现了千百年来围湖造田、与湖争地到大规模退田还湖的历史性转变。
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This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.
2. 这是我厂的关键车间，设备还是比较齐全的。这些机械设备的上方，我们还装配了冷却通风设备、供暖设备以及通讯设备等。
This is the key workshop in our factory. Here we have comparatively complete equipment. Cooling-fan installations, heating devices and communication s facilities are also equipped over those machineries.
第七节褒贬译法
注意画线词语的褒贬
1. 他热衷于个人名利。
He is always hankering after personal fame and gains.
2. 她热衷于花样滑冰。
She is fond of figure skating.
3. 他贩卖皮货。
He is in the fur trade.
4. 你这是在贩卖民族虚无主义。
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You are peddling national nihilism.
5. 他与侵略者合作，出卖了自己的国家。
He collaborated[8] with the invaders and betrayed his motherland.
6. 我们应加强合作
We should enhance our mutual cooperation.
7. 他醉心于医学研究。
He is deeply engrossed in medical research.
8. 那个人醉心名利。
That chap is infatuated with fame and fortune.
9. 坚决制止新的毁林开荒。
It shall be strictly prohibited that more forests and pastures be turned onto farmland.
10. 中国的经济是一个大问题。
China’s economy is a major question.
11. 这个犟孩子不肯听父母的劝告。
The stubborn[9]boy refused to listen to his parent’s adv ice.
12. 他以顽强的毅力完成了这项工作。
He accomplished the work with stubborn effort.
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法
第一节名词的抽象译法
两袖清风clean hands 半斤八两six of one and half a dozen of the other
沧海一粟 a drop in the ocean 空中楼阁castle in the air
远见卓识far-sightedness 君子协定 a gentleman’s agreem ent
大暴雨rain cats and dogs 一贫如洗as poor as a church mouse
试金石touchstone 灌迷汤butter sb. up
1. 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又是惊人地好，我们都拿他没办法。With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were solely perplexed.
2. 他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。
Their optimism moved us greatly.
3. 目前公司的经营情况已经有所好转。
At present, the business in our company is turning for the better.
4. 现在节制生育已经成为一种可行的办法。
Now birth control has become a possibility.
5. 他们承认弥尔顿是一个伟大的诗人，但却否认他有高尚的人格。
They admitted the greatness of Milton as a poet, but denied his goodness as a man.