中考英语连词、复合句讲解

中考英语连词、复合句讲解

一、连词：并列连词

从属连词

（一）并列连词：用来连接平行的词、词组或分句

1. but：表转折“但是，然而”

--- She is famous, but modest.

--- She is not my daughter, but my nephew.

--- It’s true he is young, but he is wise.

注: (1) but 不与although 一起使用

(2) not --- but --- “不是---而是—”

(3) not only – but ( also ) --- “不但---而且—”

2. and：表顺承

---- He put on his coat and went out.

---- It’s getting warmer and warmer.

注: (1) 祈使句+and, 名词短语+and

--- Word hard, and you will succeed.

= If you work hard, you will succeed.

--- One more effort, and you will succeed.

(2) both --- and ---, 不但---而且—

3. or：

(1) 表选择“或”

--- Which would you like, tea or coffee?

(2) 表解释“即”

--- This is a green house, or a hothouse.

(3) 用于祈使句中，or表示“否则”

--- Hurry up, or we will be late.

= If we don’t hurry up, we will be late.

(4) either ---or: 或者---或者

4. so:

(1) 所以：

--- He was ill, so he didn’t attend the meeting.

注：so和because 不能同时使用。

(2) 也：(前句须是肯定句，后用倒装）

---He can drive a bus, so can I.

5. for:表示“因为”，不能放在句首

---It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.

6.while:表示转折，对比

--- He is strong, while his brother is weak.

7.nor: 表示“也不”

（1) 前句须是否定，nor= neither

--- He didn’t come, nor did I.

(2) neither --- nor : 既不—也不--

(二)从属连词：

1.引导名词性从句：

（1）连接词that, whether, if 在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。that无词义，引导主语从句时不可省略。whether = if “是否”

--- That he came late made me angry. (主语从句）

--- I think that you’ll have bright future. (宾语从句)

--- The trouble is that we can’t collect enough money. ( 表语从句）

--- The news that he has won the first prize made us very happy.

( 同位语从句）

(2)连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever,

whomever, whosever

a. 连接代词具有代词作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语

--- Who will take the first place is uncertain.

--- I am not sure which book he wants.

b. whoever = anyone who “无论谁”，表示强调

--- Whoever breaks the law should be punished.

c. whatever = anything that “无论什么”

--- You can take whatever you want.

d. what 的习惯用法

what one is 一个人的为人；what one has一个人的财富

--- A man’s worth lies not so much i n what he has as in what he is .

一个人的价值与其说在于他的财富，不如说在于他的为人。

what is more 而且；what is worse 更糟的是

--- I lost my way in the forest, and what was worse, it began to rain.

what is called = what you call 所谓

--- He is what is called a walking dictionary.

A is to

B what

C is to D: A之于B犹如C之于D

--- Air is to us what water is to fish.

（3）连接副词: when, where, why, how

连接副词具有副词用法，在从句中充当状语，表示时间，地点，原因或方式程度。

---- When the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided.

---- I don’t know where he lives.

---- That is why he succeeded.

---- They are talking about how they can solve the problem.

（4）连接形容词: which, whichever, what, whatever

---- You make take whichever seat you like.

---- You may bring what photos you like.

---- You may write on whatever subject you like.

例题解析：

1.It has been proven ______eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. D

A. if

B. because

C. when

D. that

2. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about_____ he will do or think. A

A. what

B. which

C. whom

D. that

3.A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. D

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

4.______ in the regulation that you should not tell other people the password of your E-mail account. C

A. What is required

B. What requires

C. It is required

D. It requires

2. 引导副词性从句:

(1) 时间:when, while , as, since, after, before, till / until, as soon as, no sooner--- than,

hardly --- when, each time = every time

---- I was watching TV when the telephone rang.

---- I have been like this since he left here.

---- It was not long before he came back.

---- I didn’t get up until 7 he woke me up.

---- As soon as she got there, she called me up.

---- No sooner had she got there than she called me up.

(2）地点: where, wherever

---- I will miss you wherever you are.

---- Make a mark where you have a question.

(3）原因:because, as, since = now that = seeing that

---- Because it was raining heavily, we had to stay at home.

(4) 条件: if, unless, as / so long as ( 只要), in case (万一), provided that = providing

that = supposing that = condition that (假设), once (一旦）

---- I will come here unless it rains.

--- You can borrow it so long as you return it on time.

--- Take the umbrella in case it rains.

---- I will come provided that I am well enough.

(5) 目的：so that = in order that +主+情态动词+do

for fear that +主+should ( might ) +do 唯恐

---- He works very hard so that he can go to a famous university.

---- He set off early for fear that he should be late.

(6) 让步：though / although, adj. / n. / adv. +as + 主谓，no matter what --= whatever ---,

ever if = even though 即使

--- Although it was raining, they went on working.

---- Young as she is, she knows a lot.

---- No matter what happens, don’t change it.

--- Even if I were starving, I would not ask a favour of him.

（7）结果: so + adj. / adv. +that, such +n. + that, ---, sothat ---

--- He is so clever that he can work out the problem.

= He is such a clever boy that he can work ---

---- He spoke loud so that everyone heard him.

（8）比较: as –as = no less --- than, not so / as ---as, the more, the more, no more than = neither –nor, more than, less than

--- He is as clever as I = He is no less clever than I.

--- The more you read, the happier you will be.

--- He is no taller than I.= Neither he nor I am tall.

（9）方式: as, as if = as though 似乎，好像

--- Do in Rome as the Romans do.

--- He talked as if he had been there.

例题解析：

1.-Are you ready for Spain?

-Yes, I want the girls to experience that ____they are young. A

A. while

B. until

C. if

D. before

2.______ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A

A. However

B. Whatever

C. No matter

D. Although

( however well prepared you are = no matter how well prepared you are, 引导让步状语从句）

3.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _____ it was the best time for it. B

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. until

4.Lose one hour in the morning _____you will be looking for it the rest of the day. B

A. but

B. and

C. or

D. so

3.引导形容词性从句（定语从句）

在复合句（包括主语和从句）中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句，它所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词具有连词和代词的作用，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词具有连词和副词的作用，在定语从句中作状语。

( 1) 定语从句的引导词：关系代词和关系副词

关系代词

a. who : 在从句中指人，作主语

---- The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.

b. whom: 在从句中指人，作宾语

--- I don’t know the man (whom) you talked with.

c. whose: 在从句中指人指物均可，作定语

--- The boy whose father is a worker studies hard.

--- The book whose cover is green belongs to Tom.

= The book the cover of which is green belongs---

d. that: 在从句中指人指物均可，作主语，宾语，表语

--- The man that will give us a talk is Smith.

--- I lost the book ( that / which ) you gave to me.

--- The city is no longer the one ( that ) it used to be.

e. which:指物，作主语，宾语

--- The book which was written by Mr. Wang is popular with the young people.

---- This is the factory ( that / which ) we visited last week.

f. as: 指人指物均可，与the same, such, as 连用，作主语、宾语、表语

--- Such men as know him praise him.

--- Such films as you describe can’t be shown at all.

--- He gave me as much money as I needed.

g. but := that—not,主句须有表否定的词，作主语，宾语

--- There is no mother but loves her own children.

= There is no mother that does not love her---.

h. than: 前有比较级，作主语或宾语

--- Don’t give children more money than is needed.

关系副词

a. when : 在从句中作时间状语

--- I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I met my favourite pop star.

b. where:在从句中作地点状语

---- This is the place where ( in which ) I was born.

c. why :在从句中作原因状语

--- Can you tell me the reason why ( for which ) you agreed to marry him? 注意：

a. 介词+关系代词，介词的选用取决于搭配

--- This is the book for which I paid twenty dollars.

--- There was no person to whom I could turn for help in the street.

b. 关系副词= 介词+关系代词，介词的选用取决于先行词。

c. 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选用，取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的

句子成分。

---- This is the house where I was born.

---- This is the house which I visited last year.

（2）限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句去掉意思不清，无逗号与主句分开，作宾语时，关系代词可省略。

---- His son who works in Beijing has come back. ( 不止一个儿子）非限定性定语从句去掉意思完整，用逗号与主句分开不用that来引导，关系代词不可省略。Which还可替代前面整个句子。

--- His son, who works in Beijing, has come back. ( 仅一个儿子）

（3）定语从句必须注意的问题：

①用that不用which的情况:

a. 当先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：

--- This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

b. 当先行词前有序数词修饰时：

--- This is the last lesson that we have this term.

c. 当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some 修饰时：

--- I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor.

d. 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时：

--- Everything that should be done has been done.

e. 当先行词既有人又有物时：

---They talked about the things and persons that they could remember at school.

f. 当主句是以who 或which开头的特殊疑问句时：

--- Who is the woman that is wearing a red coat?

g. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时：

--- Tom is no longer the person that he used to be.

②定语从句用which 不用that 的情况：

a. 当关系代词后面有插入语时：

--- Here is the new computer, which I introduced to you, can type according to your sound.

b. 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句用了that, 另一个宜用which:

--- Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.

c. 非限定性定语从句用which, 不用that 来引导：

--- He came late again, which made his girl friend very angry.

d. 介词后的关系代词用which, 不用that:

--- This is the bike for which Mary paid 80 yuan.

③定语从句用who 而不宜用that的情况：

先行词为one, ones, anyone 或those 时：

--- The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.

--- Anyone who failed to come to the meeting must give his reason.

④关系代词的选用与插入语无关：

--- I will marry a man who I think is honest.

⑤注意as 和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别：

as可放于句首，译成“正如”，常与know, see, expect等动词连用。

--- He was late for school, as is often the case with him.

--- As had been expected, he won the first prize.

专项练习：

1.We went through a period _____communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

C

A. which

B. whose

C. in which

D. with which

2.If a shop has chairs ____women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. D

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

3.Her sister has become a lawyer, ____she wants to be. D

A. Who

B. that

C. what

D. which

4.____ has been announced , we shall have our final exams next month. B

A. That

B. As

C. It

D. What

5.The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at____ I thought was a dangerous speed. C

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

6.Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well. A

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. why