2017年高考语法填空题知识讲解

1.（2017.湖南)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）1.______a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2.______(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are

required3.______(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt4.______(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5.______result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6.______(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7.______(be) full of fat and salt; by 8.______(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9.______(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10.______is not good for the health.

分析

本文讲述了医学界引领了一种低脂少盐的食品业潮流，谁知却带来了违背初衷的副作用--超重和心脏病．原来是因为脂肪和盐是人体消化

食物所需的成分，没有了它们，人们就会因此吃更多的东西来弥补，而且会吃更多垃圾食品．因此我们需要适当摄入脂肪和盐分，但也不要太多，否则也不利于健康．

分析本文讲述了医学界引领了一种低脂少盐的食品业潮流，谁知却带来了违背初衷的副作用--超重和心脏病．原来是因为脂肪和盐是人体消化食物所需的成分，没有了它们，人们就会因此吃更多的东西来弥补，而且会吃更多垃圾食品．因此我们需要适当摄入脂肪和盐分，但也不要太多，否则也不利于健康。

答案解析

1．less；考查介词．句意为脂肪含量低，盐少．少盐，应该是与多盐的食物相比较，所以应该用less，故填less．

2．effects；考查名词单复数．由空格前的 some 可知，此处应使用effect 的复数形式 effects．故填 effects．

3．required；考查动词．句意为他们被要求处理我们吃的食物．他们与要求之间是被动关系，故填required．

4．are removed；考查被动语态．结合句意"当把脂肪和盐从食物中去掉时，食物尝起来就好像缺少了什么"可知，fat and salt 和动词remove 是被动关系，故此处应使用被动语态，故填 are removed．5．worse；考查比较级．结合上下文可知，此处应表达的是"更糟的是"，故此处应填入 bad 的比较级 worse，故填 worse．

6．goes；考查第三人称单数形式．句意为人们吃的快餐数量上升了，主语为人们吃的快餐数量，所以应该用第三人称单数形式，故填goes．

7．is；考查时态．结合全文时态可知，此处应使用一般现在时．fast food 为单数，故此处应填入 is，故正确答案为 is．

8．more；考查介词．句意为通过吃更快的食物，人们会得到比他们在饮食中所需的盐和脂肪更多的食物．根据句意和语境可知more符合题意，故填more．

9．careful；考查形容词．结合句意及空格前的 be 可知此处应填入的是形容词，故此处应填入的是 care 的形容词形式 careful，故填careful．

10．health；考查名词．由前面的the可知此处应该填名词，故填healthy的名词形式health，故填health．

点评语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写．在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答．。

点评语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写．在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答．

2.（2017.海南）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863, the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1.______ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2.______ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3.______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4.______ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 5.______ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6.______ (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7.______ every day.

Later, engineers 8.______ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9.______ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10.______ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

分析本文介绍了伦敦地铁的发展过程和速度，伦敦地铁从1863年开始到1900年已经发展的很成功．

答案解析

1．crowds 考查名词．根据句意：它跑了不到七公里，让人们避开在上面的道路上可怕的人群．crowd 名词人群，道路是拥挤的人群用复数形式crowds．

2．from 考查固定短语．to and from是英语的固定搭配"从某地来回"根据句意：当他们往来时．所以答案填from．

3．laying 考查非谓语．分析句子可知digging，buiding与lay是include并列的宾语，所以用动词的ing形式．

4．the 考查冠词．本句是介绍地铁的建筑方法，最后封顶特指地铁的顶部，所以用定冠词the．

5．were used 考查被动语态．根据句意：蒸汽发动机被运用，主语是steam engines，所以用被动语态，were used．

6．fairly 考查副词．根据句意：对于顾客来说那一定是相当愉快的．此处用副词fairly修饰形容词unpleasant．

7．it 考查代词．本句中用it来指代改进的这个地铁，多于25，000 的人们每天都用地铁．所以答案填it．

8．managed 考查时态．句意：后来，工程师们设法在深隧道系统中修建铁路．后文which became known as the tube用的是一般过去时．根据前后时态一致的原则也要用过去时．9．introduction 考查名词．根据句意：只有电动发动机和升降机的