辨析词义轻重程度
中政教育：选词填空答题技巧之实词辨析（2）
中政教育老师提醒：
辨析词义轻重程度
词义轻重程度是指两个意思相近的词语在表达同一含义时的轻重程度不同，如相信、信
任和信赖，三者均有相信的意思，但相信只限于认为正确、不怀疑，词义较轻；信任是在相信的基础上敢于托付，词义较重；信赖则是在信任的基础上依靠，词义最重。
【例题】和我关系要好的同学很不平，执意拉着我去______那位说我考试作弊的主考老师。
A. 问讯
B. 讯问
C. 诘责
D. 询问
【解析】首先通读题目后很容易断定横线处要填入的词语含义大致是找老师理论、追问事情的缘由。再看选项，问讯和询问都是打听的意思，明显词义过轻，不符合语境；讯问指严厉的盘问，用于学生对老师明显词义过重；诘责指追问、责备，用在此处符合题干中“很
不平、执意”所表达的语境，故答案为C。
更多进程该内容：江苏公务员考试网
2017年高考语文词语辨析题解题思路
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英语四六级高频词汇辨析
abroad （adv.）国外 aboard （adv.）上（船飞机） access(n.)接近/进入/权力assess(v.)评估 agenda(n.)议事日程 gender(n.)性/性别 agency(n.)机构代理 agent (n.)代理人 advice (n.) 忠告，建议advise (v.) 向……建议， adapt (v.)适应；改编 adopt (v.)采纳；收养 adept （n.）内行 affect (v.) 影响；感动effect (n.) (v.)影响效果；产生 all together (短语)一起，altogether (adv.)全部地总共； altar (v.) 祭坛 alter (v.) 改变 angel (n.) 天使 angle (n.) 角度；方面； announce / denounce / pronounce assent (v.) (n.) 同意 ascent(n.) 上升 ascend (v.) 上升 accent (n.)口音 attack(v.)攻击 attract(v.)吸引 assure (v.)使确信；保证， ensure (v.)确保，保证 insure (v.)给……保险；保证 aural 耳的 oral 口头的 baron (n.)男爵 barren (adj.)不孕/荒芜 barn (n.)谷仓 beam (n.)梁/光束 bean (n.) 豆 beer(n.)啤酒 peer(n.)同龄人 brief grief relief champion (n.) 冠军 champagne (n.)香槟酒 campaign (n.) 战役 chamber (n.)寝室 chore (n.) 家务活 chord (n.) 和弦 cord (n.) 细绳 cite (v.) 引用 site (n.) 场所 sight (n.) 视觉 clash (v.) (n.)幢击声 crash (v.) 碰幢，坠落 crush (v.)压坏 claim/ proclaim / exclaim / reclaim comprise (v.)包括，构成 compose (v.)组成；创作 compliment (v.) (n.)恭维； complement (v.) (n.)补充补语 compress / suppress / depress / impress confirm (v.)确认 conform (v.)使顺从 affirm(v.)断言 contact (n.) (v.) 接触 contract (n.) 合同 contrast (n.) (v.)对照 council (n.)议会 counsel (n.) 忠告 consul (n.) 领事 crow (n.) 乌鸦 crown (n.)王冠 clown (n.) 小丑 consciousness (n.)意识，觉悟 conscience (n.)良心，良知 contest (n.)比赛，竞争 context (n.)上下文，内容 contend (v.)斗争 content (n.) (adj)内容/满足 costume (n.)服装 custom (n.)习惯风俗 customs (n.)海关 customer (n.)顾客 consumer (n.)消费者 credible (adj.) 可信的 creditable (adj.)值得称赞/荣 耀的 descent (n.) 下降；下来 descend (v) 向下 decent (adj) 体面的，恰当
从词义的轻重辨析词语
从词义的轻重辨析词语 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
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A.concise https://www.360docs.net/doc/8c18846047.html,pact C.terse D.brief 45.The bar associtaion_____the lawyer’s action but did not dis bar him. A.denounced B.condemned C.charged D.accused 46.We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and _____. A.conducive B.wholesome C.helpful D.appreciative 47.Her heart was breaking, and she had no one to _____in. A.entrust B.consign C.confide https://www.360docs.net/doc/8c18846047.html,mit 48.Our knowedge about agriculture has so far been exclusively _____to books. A.restricted B.controlled C.confined D.restrained 49.We _____two apartments buildings for 80 households. A.established B.erected C.constructed D.consulted 50.Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _____against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field. A.contradict B.reform C.counter D.protest
(完整word版)古今词义不同辨析
古今词义不同辨析 [愛] “愛”字在上古有兩個常用的意義。一是親愛、疼愛。《左傳·鄭伯克段于鄢》：“~其母。”這是古今一致的。二是愛惜、吝嗇。《左傳·僖公二十二年》：“若~重傷，則如勿傷；~其二毛，則如服焉。”這個意義一直沿用到唐宋以後的文言文裏。《宋史·岳飛傳》：“文臣不~錢，武臣不~死。”在現代漢語裏，“吝嗇”一義已經不用。[謗] “謗”字在上古只是指背後議論或批評別人的短處。《戰國策·齊策》：“群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之過者，受上賞；上書諫寡人者，受中賞；能~譏於市朝，聞寡人之耳者，受下賞。”“謗”是公然的評議，“譏”是委婉的諷刺。 對有過失的人進行議論是批評，對沒有過失的人進行議論就近乎譭謗了。《楚辭·九章·惜往日》：“何貞臣之無罪兮，被離（罹，遭受）~而見尤。” [幣] “幣”字在上古並沒有貨幣的意義，而是指禮物。《說文》“幣，帛也。從巾，幣聲。”《周禮·夏官·校人》“飾~馬，執扑而從之”。
到漢代“幣”已有了“貨幣”的意思。《史記·吳王濞列傳》：“誘受天下亡命罪人，亂天下~”。 [斃] “斃”字在現代是“死”的意思，一般用於貶義；在上古都是“倒下去”的意思。《左傳·哀公二年》：“鄭人擊簡子，中肩，~于車中。” 魏晉以後，“斃”無疑已是“死”的意思。 [兵] “兵”在上古主要指兵器，沒有現代漢語士兵、戰士的意思。《山海經·大荒北經》：“蚩尤作~，伐黃帝。”由兵器引申爲武裝力量，軍隊。《戰國策·觸龍說趙太后》：“必以長安君爲質，~乃出。”值得注意的是，先秦用作這一意義時，一般沒有“兵多少”的說法，似乎重在武器；漢以後意義重點可能已轉爲指人員，相當於今天的“軍隊”了。 有時候“兵”字也指軍事、戰爭、戰陣之類。《孫子兵法·謀攻》：“故上~伐謀，其次伐交。” [池]
古代汉语—古今词义的异同
语言是发展变化的，因此，学习语言要有历史发展的观点。但现代汉语是在古代汉语的基础上发展起来的，因此，我们又必须看到语言的继承性。语言的继承和发展，就造成了古今语言既有“同”的一面，又有“异”的一面。 一、古今词义异同的三种情况 全面考核古今词义的继承和发展，我们发现，古今词义的异同表现为三种情况： 1 古今意义基本相同 我们知道，语言中的基本词汇，即语言词汇中同人们千百年来的社会生活密切相关的最基础的部分，具有历时的稳定性。这些词数量不多，但在长期的历史发展过程中，其意义基本未变。例如： 名词——人、手、牛、羊、日、月、山、川、风、雨、雷、电。动词——出、入、起、立、哭、笑、打、骂、跳、叫。 形容词——长、短、轻、重、方、圆、大、小、扁、平、尖、钝、美、丑、善、恶。 数词——一、二、三、四、十、百、千、万。 上述诸词，古今意义基本相同。我们说“基本”，意味着它们自古及今并非没有一点变化。例如，“人”的词义，古人和今人的认识并不完全相同。 《说文解字》：“人，天地之性最贵者也。”《现代汉语词典》：“人，能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高等动物。”可见，现代人对“人”的本质属性的认识，要比古人深刻得多。但不管怎么说，古语中的“人”和今语中的“人”，所指并无不同。基本词汇的古今词义基本相同，体现了现代汉语对古代汉语的继承关系。 2 古今意义完全不同 有些词，古今词形(书写形式)完全一样，但含义迥异。例如： 该——古代常用义是“完备”。如《楚辞·招魂》：“招具该备，永啸呼些。”汉王逸注：“该，亦备也。言撰设甘美招魂之具，靡不毕备，故长啸大呼以招君也。”《方言》卷十二：“备、该，咸也。”“该”的现代常用义则是“应该”，与“完备”完全不同。 找——古代的含义是“划船”。《集韵·麻韵》：“划，舟进竿谓之划。或从手。”(“或从手”说明“划”的另写法为“找”)《字汇·手部》：“找，与划同，拨进船也。”现代“找”义为“寻找”。绸——古代是“缠绕”之义。《楚辞·九歌·湘君》：“薜荔拍兮蕙绸。”宋洪兴祖补注：“绸，缚束也。”成语“未雨绸缪”中“绸缪”二字，义为紧密缠绕。《诗经·豳风·鸱号》：“迨天之未阴雨，彻彼桑土，绸缪牖户。”孔颖达疏：“郑（玄）以为鸱鸮及天之未阴雨之时，剥彼桑根，以缠绵其牖户，乃得有此室巢。”后常以“未雨绸缪”喻防患于未然。“绸”在现代指“丝绸”。 抢——古代义为“突过”或“撞”。《庄子·逍遥游》：“我决起而飞，抢榆枋，时则不至，而控于地而已矣。”句中“抢”为“突过”义。《战国策·魏策四》：“秦王曰：…布衣之怒，亦免冠徒跣，以头抢地耳。?”句中“抢”是“撞”义。现代“抢”是“抢夺”义。 叔——上古作“拾取”讲，如《说文》：“叔，拾也。”《诗经·豳风·七月》：“九月叔苴。”现代“叔”只用于亲属称谓。 完——古代是“完整”、“完好”之义。《说文》：“完，全也。”《荀子·大略》：“食则饘粥不足，衣则竖褐不完。”成语“完璧归赵”、“覆巢之下，岂有完卵”，“完”都表示“全”义。现代汉语中“完”是“完了”、“终结”之义。 交通——古代是“勾结”义，贬义词，如《汉书·江充传》：“(赵太子丹)交通郡国豪猾，攻剽为奸，吏不能禁。”现代则是各种运输和邮电事业的总称。对于古今意义完全不同的词，要下功夫一一记牢。
同义词辨析
同义词辨析 如：“反映”与“反应”；“起用”与“启用”；“截止”与“截至”等。 同义词辨析的主要方法： 1.从相异的语素分析。 如“废除、解除、破除”三个动词，重点是区分“废”“解”“破”三个相异的语素：废是废止不用的意思；解是去掉消除的意思；破是打破揭穿的意思。 再如“协同、偕同”两个词，重点是区分“协”“偕”两个语素：协是协力的意思；偕是一起的意思。 [练习1]区别下面几组同义词：严实与结实精力与精神武力与暴力充分与充足 2.从词义的轻重程度上辨析。 如“蔑视”比“轻视”意义要重一些。“批判”比“批评”要重一些。“监禁”比“拘留”更重一些。 [练习2]区别下列几组同义词：抗争与争夺珍视与重视全力与尽力瓜分与分割 3.从感情色彩上辨析词义的不同。 如“团结、结合、勾结”，“鼓舞、鼓动、煽动”，这两组词语中，第一个是褒义词，第二个是中性词，第三个词是贬义词。 [练习3]区别下列几组同义词：爱护、保护与庇护强制、逼迫与威逼号令、指使与唆使牺牲、死亡与丧命 4.从词义指称的.事物范围大小来辨析。 如“边疆和边境”都指远离内地靠近国境的区域。但“疆”比“境”的范围要大。 “人民和公民”都是指取得一个国家国籍的人。但人民指对敌人而言，而公民的范围要大的多， [练习4]比较下面同义词的词义范围：书刊和报刊牲畜和家畜功课和作业食品和食物工具和器具 5.从语法特点上辨析。 （1）从词性上辨析。如“英勇和英雄”，一个是形容词，一个是名词。 （2）从构词方法上辨析。如“比赛和决赛”，一个是并列式，一个是偏正式。 （3）从担任句子成分上辨析。“必须和必需”。一个是能愿动词，作状语，一个是动词，作谓语。
专业四级词汇辨析汇总第一周
11年英语专业四级语法词汇真题 51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man he was fifteen years ago. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND? A. Beg your pardon. B. Have a good time. C. Never do that again! D. What noise you are making! 53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose? A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously. B. For all its effort, the team didn’t win the match. C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years. D. He set out for Beijing yesterday. 54. When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to Tim, ? A. do you B. will you C. don’t you D. won’t you 55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the –ING participle is used A. as a command. B. as a condition. C. for concession. D. for emphasis. 56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT? A. The city is now ten times its original size. B. I wish I had two times his strength. C. The seller asked for double the usual price. D. They come here four times every year. 57. It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. as B. nor C. but D. like 58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object? A. What do you think has happened to her? B. Who do you think the visiting professor is? C. How much do you think he earns every month? D. How quickly would you say he would come? 59. The additional work will take weeks. A. the other B. another two C. other two D. the more 60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)? A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time. B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year. C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning. D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days. 61. It’s getting late. I’d rather you now. A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. will leave 62. In the sentence “The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning”, the italiciz ed word is used to modify A. the object. B. the verb. C. the subject. D. the prepositional phrase. 63. There is no doubt the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned. A. whether B. that C. why D. when 64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is A. I’ll get some drinks. What’ll you have? B. Does she need to book a ticket now? C. May I know your name? D. Can you return the book next week? 65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)? A. Mr Smith’s passport has been issued. B. The visitor’s arrival was reported in the news. C.John’s travel details have not been finalized. D. The new bookstore sells children’s stories. 66. Our office has recently to a new computer system. A. altered B. converted C. transformed D. modified 67. The crowd went as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage. A. wild B. emotional C. uncontrolled D. unrestricted 68. Our school library is closed for repairs. A. shortly B. quickly C. temporarily D. rapidly 69. John is up to his eyes in work at the moment. The underlined part means . A. very excited B. very busy C. very tired D. very efficient 70. Victoria bumped into her brother quite by chance in the supermarket. The underlined word means . A. risk B. opportunity C. possibility D. luck 71. “Look at those pretty girls’ skirts” is , because it is not clear whether the girls or the skirts are “pretty’. A. ambiguous B. hidden C. indirect D. indistinct 72. House repairs, holidays, school fees and other have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing. A. amount B. payment C. expenses D. figures 73. It was really of you to remember my birthday. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. considerable D. generous 74. You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday . A. introduction B. advertisement C. book D. brochure 75. The city government is building more roads to the increasing number of cars. A. accommodate B. receive C. accept D. hold 76. They’ve lifted a two-year-long economic on the country. A. enclosure B. restriction C. blockade D. prohibition 77. Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boy friend. The underlined part means . A. left B. quarreled C. attacked D. defeated 78. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very one. A. elaborate B. refined C. ambitious D. complex 79. The girl’s voice was so low that we could hear her. A. seldom B. almost C. only D. barely