2018届高三第三次模拟考试英语试题 含答案

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

请认其阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

21. Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves, so it’s only natural that we want to learn something useful our efforts.

A. in view of

B. in response to

C. in parallel with

D. in return for

22. For the final of our journey, we decided to take the coach.

A. leg

B. round

C. distance

D. path

23. The problem he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.

A. how

B. whether

C. that

D. when

24. After making the speech, he went through it in his mind to reflect where he better.

A. could do

B. would do

C. could have done

D. would have done

25. Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation, heart rate and oxygen consumption.

A. increasing

B. to increase

C. having increased

D. being increased

26. The boss the employees a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has occurred yet.

A. promised

B. had promised

C. would promise

D. promises

27. If they throw stones at you, don’t throw back. Use them to build your own foundation .

A. somehow

B. anyway

C. instead

D. nevertheless

28. —Why can’t John land a job in years?

—Anyone with criminal records will be laid off first when it comes time to let staff go.

A. rewarding

B. demanding

C. worthwhile

D. stable

29.—I got beaten in the first round in the contest. I am feeling depressed.

—Cheer up! You have to yourself to have the last laugh.

A. open; up

B. pick; up

C. knock; up

D. do; up

30. As its economy is maturing，China’s a greater role in critical issues like climate and development.

A. defining

B. assuming

C. guaranteeing

D. assuring

31. Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby's body clock, researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.

A. whose

B. which

C. when

D. where

32. —I will be a vice president in a year or two.

—You can’t be serious!.

A. I can’t make it

B. I can’t help it

C. I won’t tell a soul

D. I wouldn’t bet on it

33. While working in Kunming, he checked the weather each morning for months he realized it would be the same every day.

A. when

B. after

C. before

D. since

34. It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act .

A. just foolishly

B. less foolishly

C. as foolishly

D. so foolishly

35. The recently released film Kong: Skull Island successfully the audience to the adventure with Dolby 3D technology.

A. transports

B. adjusts

C. transforms

D. relates

第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分20分）

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect. According to a study, regaining our 36 drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.

Multitasking (多任务)，as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate 37 of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly 38 between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the 39 can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be 40 by distractions like emails and text messages.

The 41 is that multitasking is enjoyable. It’s fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds 42? Finding out provides immediate satisfaction. 43, resisting distractions and staying on task requires 44 and mental effort.

So, what are we to do?

Our strategy is to change the 45 to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or 46 your phone. It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not 47 fighting off mental desires.

The alternative, which most of us consider common, is 48 to dieting in a bakery. We all need the willpower to resist the temptations, but doing so comes with 49 costs to our limited supply of willpower.

Another worthwhile 50 is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition (转换) time to a 51 point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try 52 related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.

In some jobs, multitasking is 53. Some of us truly do need to stay 54 to our clients, colleagues and managers. So it's worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.

Remember the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day, the more ability you’ll have fo r activities that actually 55. Even small changes can make a big difference.

36. A. initial B. personal C. inner D. ambitious

37. A. plan B. account C. prediction D. insight

38. A. switching B. swinging C. swapping D. shuttling

39. A. benefits B. reasons C. consequences D. challenges

40. A. guided B. changed C. adapted D. interrupted

41. A. advantage B. emphasis C. trouble D. practice

42. A. in stock B. in store C. in check D. in possession

43. A. As a rule B. As a result C. In short D In contrast

44. A. patience B. discipline C. courage D. attention

45. A. expectation B. task C. environment D vision

46. A. replace B. silence C. answer D. pick

47. A. continuously B. finally C. passionately D. directly

48. A. similar B. relevant C. superior D. opposite

49. A. affordable B. basic C. considerable D. modest

50. A. research B. aspect C. reaction D. approach

51. A. minimum B. maximum C. turning D. fixed

52. A. analyzing B. grouping C. assigning D. undertaking

53. A. disturbing B. annoying C. unavoidable D. unnecessary

54. A. sympathetic B. loyal C. accustomed D. connected

55. A. matter B. function C. work D. interfere

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

The following ads come from UW (University of Washington) newspaper called The Daily.

56. If you are looking for a job only for the summer, how many choices do you have?

A. One.

B. Two.

C. Three.

D. Four.

57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the ads?

A. If you are good at swimming, you can try a job at 206-555-3989.

B. All the companies advertising on the Daily are trustworthy.

C. As a student, you don't need to pay a deposit when renting rooms.

D. The fees for parking near University of Washington are the same.

B

When Breath Becomes Air gives an autobiography about Paul Ka lanithi’s experiences as a doctor and as a terminally ill patient. The book discusses Kalanithi’s longtime fascination with questions of human biology, mortality (生命的有限), and meaning. It then examines how these questions are heightened by the author’s own confrontation (冲突) with lung cancer, sickness, and death.

Kalanithi’s father was a doctor from New York City. The family moved to Kingman, Arizona, so that his father could pursue his medical career when Paul was young. His father worked long hours and was rarely home, which convinced young Paul that the last thing he wanted to do was to become a doctor himself. Paul’s mother was concerned about the weak school system in Kingman, and so e a long list of literary classics which she made Paul and his brothers read. As a result, Paul became fascinated by literature. He attended Stanford University, from which he graduated in 2000 with a B.A. and M.A. in English Literature and a B.A. in Human Biology. He earned an M. Phil in History Philosophy of Science and Medicine from the University of Cambridge. In 2007, Paul graduated from the Yale School of Medicine with the highest honors. He returned to Stanford for residency training (住院医生实习) in Neurological Surgery. As he neared the end of his 7-year residency he was diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer. The hopes and dreams he and Lucy, his wife, have held to are dramatically changed.

When Breath Becomes Air gives an account of Kalanithi’s transformation from an innocent medical student troubled by the question of “what, given that all organisms die, makes a virtuous and meaningful life” into a young neurosurgeon (神经外科医生) at Stanford, guiding patients toward a deeper understanding of death and illness, and finally into a patient and a new father to a baby girl, confronting his own mortality. What makes life worth living in the face of death? What do you do when the future, no longer a ladder toward your goals in life, flattens out into a continuous present? What does it mean to have a child, to care for a new life as another fades away? These are some of the questions Kalanithi wrestles with in this deeply moving, delicately observed autobiography.

Paul Kalanithi died in March 2018, while working on this book, yet his words live on as

a guide and a gift to us all. “I began to realize that coming face to face with my own mortality, in a sense, had changed nothing and everything,” he wrote. “Seven words from Samuel Beckett began to repeat in my head: ‘I can’t go on. I’ll go on.’” When Breath Becomes Air is an unforgettable, life-confirming reflection on the challenge of facing mortality and on the relationship between doctor and patient, from a gifted writer who became both.

58. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A. What led to the diagnosis of Kalanithi’s lung cancer.

B. Why Kalanithi changed his mind to become a doctor.

C. When Kalanithi decided to follow in his father’s footsteps.

D. How Kalanithi developed his interest in English literature.

59. Which of the following words can be used to describe the book?

A. Discouraging.

B. Reflective.

C. Delightful.

D. Controversial.

60. Kalanithi began to seek the meaning of life .

A. when he was a medical student

B. when he became a neurosurgeon

C. when he studied English literature

D. when he was diagnosed with cancer

C

One of the strangest features of motherhood is that the vast majority of mothers prefer to cradle their babies in the left arm. Why should this be? The obvious explanation is that the majority of mothers are right handed and they wish to keep their right handed and they wish to keep their right hand free. Unfortunately, this explanation cannot apply, because left-handed mothers also favor their left arm for holding their babies. The precise figures arc 83 percent for right-handed mothers and 73 percent for left-handed mothers.

The most likely explanation is that the mother's heart is on the left side and, by holding the baby in her left arm, she is unconsciously bringing her baby closer to the sound of the heart beat. This is the sound the baby heard when it was inside the mother’s womb and which is therefore an association with peace, comfort and security.

Tests were carried out in nurseries where some babies were played the recorded sound of a human heart beat, and, sure enough, went to sleep twice as quickly as the others. We also know that the sound of mother's heart is quite audible inside the womb and that the unborn baby has a well-developed hearing.

It is interesting that fathers show less of this left-side bias (偏爱) than mothers，suggesting that the human female is better programmed than her partner for carrying a baby. Alternatively，she may unconsciously adjust her holding behavior to make baby fell more secure. Some new observations on our closest animals’ relatives, the chimpanzees and gorillas, have revealed that they too show a strong bias for holding their babies on the left side. The precise figures were 84 percent for chimpanzees and 82 percent for gorillas, remarkably close to the human percentages.

Recently a possible additional value in cradling babies on the left side has been suggested. It has been pointed out that, because, the two sides of the brain are concerned with different aspects of behavior, it is possible that the mother, in cradling the baby to her left, is showing the baby her “best side”. It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore gives the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her. Furthermore, the mother’s left eye an d ear are more tuned into emotional changes in her baby than her right eye and ear would be. So in addition to the baby’s seeing the more expressive parts of its mother, there is further advantage that the mother is herself more sensitive to the left-held baby. This may sound far-fetched, but just possibly, it could provide a slight extra benefit for those mothers displaying the strange one-sided bias when cradling their infants.

How does a bias occur? Do the mothers have an instinctive preference for it, or do they learn it by trial and error, unconsciously adjusting the position of the babies until the babies are calmer? The surprising answer is that it seems to be the baby not the mother who controls the bias. Observation of new born infants when they were only a few hours old revealed that they come into the world with a pre-programmed tendency to turn their head to the right. If the new born baby is gently held in a dead central position and then released, it naturally swings to the right far more often than to the left. This happens in nearly 70 percent of babies. This may be only a part of explanation, because the holding bias is 80 percent not 70 percent, but it adds a further intriguing chapter to the story.

61. How does the author develop Paragraph 1?

A. By giving an example as a hook.

B. By giving a general statement and narrowing it down.

C. By asking a question and showing an answer.

D. By explaining the importance of understanding a phenomenon.

62. The underlined word “audible” in Paragraph 3 mean s .

A. soft

B. clear

C. weak

D. distant

63. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5?

A. The left side of the human face expresses emotions more strongly than the right.

B. A mother’s left eye and ear are more sensitive to the emotional changes in her baby.

C. A baby may be more able to “read” its mother’s emotions than was previously believed.

D. Holding her baby in the left arm may improve a mother’s emotional communication with it.

64. What is the author’s tone when he discusses why most mothers cra dle their babies in the left arm?

A. Cautious.

B. Disapproving.

C. Subjective.

D. Favorable.

D

Gus Wenner runs https://www.360docs.net/doc/8c4200684.html,; his father gave him the job. But Jann Wenner, the magazine's co-founder and publisher, was quick to assure critics of the appointment process that his son is terribly talented and had to prove himself before being given the post. Apparently Gus worked his way up from more junior positions with the company, and demonstrated, according to his father, the “drive and discipline and charm, and all the things that show leadership.” Gus Wenner is 22 years old.

He is certainly not the only kid out of college, or even out of high school, working at daddy’s firm. Family contacts are a common way of finding both temporary internships and longtime careers. Opportunities for the children of top 1 percent are not the same as they are for the 99 percent.

This is hardly a shock, but it is precisely the type of inequality that reveals the hard-to-define promise of the “Just Do It” version of the American dream and deepens our cynicism (愤世嫉俗) about how people get ahead. As a consequence, it weakens support for public policies that could address the lack of upward mobility among children born at the bottom, who ought to be given Parity. A strong tie between adult outcomes and family

background annoys Americans. When an organization conducted a nationally representative survey asking about the meaning of “the American dream,” some typical answers included: “Being free to say or do what you want” and B eing free to accomplish almost anything you want with hard work,” but also “Being able to succeed regardless of the economic circumstances in which you were born.”

This is exactly the reason that “the American dream,” is not only a defining metaphor for the country, but also why Americans have long been willing to tolerate a good deal more economic inequality than citizens of many other rich countries. A belief in the possibility of upward mobility not only morally justifies inequality as the expression of talents and energies, but also extends a promise to those with lower incomes. After all, why would you be a strong advocate for reducing inequality if you believe that you, or eventually your children, were likely to climb the income ladder?

Hard work and perseverance (毅力) will always be ingredients for success, but higher inequality has made having successful parents, if not essential, certainly a central part of the recipe.

The belief that talent is something you are born with, and that opportunities are open to anyone with ambition and energy, also has a dangerous consequence. When the public policy is focused on the difficult situation of the poor, this belief can help the concept resurface that the poor are “undeserving” and are the authors of their own situation. Yet we actually know a good deal about why children of the poor have a higher chance of being stuck on poverty as adults.

The recipes for breaking this intergenerational trap are clear; a nurturing (培养) environment in the early years combined with accessible and high-quality health care and education promote the capacities of young children, heighten the development of their skills as they grow older, and eventually raise their chances of upward mobility.

Talent is nurtured and developed, and even genes are expressed differently depending upon environmental influences.

The 1 percent are the goal for these upper-middle-class families, who after all have also experienced significant growth in their relative standing. The graduate and other higher degrees that they hold, for which they put in considerable effort, have put them on the upside

of the wave of globalization and technical change that has transformed the American job market.

An age of higher inequality gives them both more resources to promote the capacities of their children, and more encouragement to make these investments since their children now have all the more to gain.

For them, an American dream based on effort and talent still lives, and as a result they are less likely, with their considerable cultural and political influence, to support the reshaping of American public policy to meet its most pressing need: the future of those at the bottom.

65. What do we know about Gus Wenner?

A. He will prove himself competent in the future.

B. He has some work experience in the company.

C. He is the co-founder and publisher of the magazine.

D. He is too young to be in charge of the company.

66. The phenomenon illustrated by the appointment of Gus Wenner .

A. stops people from dreaming the American dream

B. encourages the government to carry out public policies

C. reduces the level of people's tolerance of economic inequality

D. narrows the possibilities of people at the bottom moving upward

67. By saying “Being able to succeed regardless of the economic circumstances in which you were born,” the respondents of the survey.

A. showed their upset about the inequality

B. expressed their gratitude for the fairness

C. indicated their determination to succeed

D. gave their satisfaction with the circumstances

68. Which of the following opinions docs the author hold?

A. Lack of talent leads to people’s difficult situati ons.

B. When someone is born, his future has been decided.

C. The environment where one is brought up determines his fate.

D. Opportunities are open to anyone ambitious and energetic.

69. We can infer from the passage that the public policy for the poor faces opposition from .

A. the lower class

B. all classes of society

C. the top one percent

D. the upper middle class

70. What is the best title for the passage?

A. How old are you?

B. What is your talent?

C. Who is your daddy?

D. Where is your future?

第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

Issues around children learning to read arc rarely out of the news, which is hardly surprising—becoming a successful reader is of vital importan ce in improving a child’s life chances. Not is it surprising that reading creates a virtuous circle: the more you read the better you become. But what may come as a surprise is that reading to dogs is gaining popularity as a way of addressing concerns abou t children’s reading.

Underachievement (学业不良) in groups of children in the UK is. recognize in international studies--and successive governments have sought to address the issues in a range of ways. Reading to dogs, so far, has not been among them, but ifs time to look at the strategy more seriously.

Many children naturally enjoy reading and need little encouragement, but if they are struggling, their confidence can quickly decrease—and with it, their motivation. This brings about the destructive cycle, and therefore reading ability fails to improve.

So how can dogs help?

A therapeutic (疗法的) presence

Reading to dogs is just that—encouraging children to read alongside a dog. The practice originated in the US in 1999.

The presence of dogs has a calming effect on many people—hence their use in Pets as Therapy schemes (PA T). Many primary schools are becoming increasingly pressurized environments and children (like adults) generally do not respond well to such pressure. A dog

creates an environment that immediately feels more relaxing and welcoming. Reading can be an independent activity, but can also be a pleasurable, shared social event. Children who are struggling to read benefit from the simple pleasure of reading to a loyal, loving listener.

Children who are struggling to read, for whatever reason, need to build confidence and rediscover a motivation for reading. A dog is a reassuring, friendly audience who will not mind if mistakes are made. Children can read to the dog, uninterrupted; comments will not be made. Errors can be addressed in other contexts at other times. For more experienced or capable readers, they can experiment with intonation and “voices”, knowing that the dog will respond positively—and building fluency further develops comprehension in readers.

For children who are struggling, reconnecting with the pleasure of reading is very important As Marylyn Jager-Adams, a literacy (读写) scholar, noted in a seminal review of beginner reading in the US: “If we want children to learn to read well, we must find a way to attract them to read lots.”

Reading to a dog can create a helpful balance, supporting literacy activities which may seem Jess appealing to a child. Children having difficulty with reading, for example, need focused support to develop their understanding of the alphabetic code (字母代码).But this needs to be balanced with activities which support independent reading and social enjoyment or the child can become less motivated.

Creating a virtuous circle

Breaking a negative cycle will inevitably lead to the creation of a virtuous circle—and sharing a good book with a dog enables children to apply their reading skills in a positive and enjoyable way.

Research evidence in this area is rather limited, despite the growing popularity of the scheme. A 2018 systematic review of 48 studies—“Children Reading to Dogs: A Syste matic Review of the Literature” by Hall, Ge and Mills--demonstrated some evidence for improvement in reading, but the evidence was not strong. There clearly is more work to do. but interest in reading to 3 t of to have grown through the evidence of case studies. The example, often given in the media, is that of Tony Nevett and his pet dog Danny. Tony and Danny’s involvement in a number of schools has been transformative, not only in terms of reading but also in promoting general well-being positive behavior among children with a

diverse range of needs.

So, reading to dogs could offer many benefits. As with any approach, it is not a cure-a within a language-rich literacy environment, there appears to be little to lose and much to gain.

Title: How Dogs Could Make Children Better 71. ▲

第五部分书面表达（满分25分）

81. 请阅读下面材枓，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：（1）支持成反对共享单车的推广；

（2）用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇还贯，词数适当。

江苏省南京市2018届高三第三次模拟考试

英语试题答案

第二部分英语知识运用（共35小题；每小题1分，满分35分）

21-25 DABCA 26-30 ACDBB 31-35 BDCCA

36-40 ABACD 41-45 CBDBC 46-50 BAACD 51-55 ABCDA

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

56-57 BA 58-60 DBA 61-64 CBDA 65-70 BDACDC

第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

71.Readers 72. surprisingly 73. way

74.study/attention 75. calm 76. commented

77. motivated/willing/ready 78. support/prove/confirm 79. work/help 80. pays

第五部分书面表达（满分25分）

Possible version one

The passage conveys to us the bike-sharing boom across the country, with more companies springing up in the market. The service not only brings great convenience to people, but causes some problems as well.

From my standpoint, bike-sharing system has become an essential part of public transportation in cities and should be actively promoted. Firstly, with an increasing number of people choosing the service to get around, the number of cars on the roads will decrease dramatically, which really helps the environment and reduces traffic jams. Furthermore, this service also benefits individuals in various ways. For example, it provides locals and tourists with a convenient, cheap and healthy means of transport. Those who would otherwise use their own bicycles don’t need to be concerned about such problems as theft, storage and maintenance.

In a word, bike sharing is an innovative service, which relieves urban traffic pressure and brings citizens enormous benefits. And more shared bikes should be launched into the market. (163 words)

Possible version two

The passage conveys to us the bike-sharing boom across the country, with more companies springing up in the market. The service not only brings great convenience to people, but causes some problems as well.

In my opinion, bike-sharing should not be promoted at present for the following reasons. In order to attract more subscribers, the bike-sharing companies are flooding walkways and other public spaces with hundreds of bikes in the hope of promoting their services, which brings great inconvenience to pedestrians. Furthermore, for lack of relevant regulations, some uncivilized people deliberately damage shared-bikes, for example, by throwing them into rivers or piling them up randomly. A fairly high deposit fee has also been criticized in a country familiar with accessing inexpensive public services.

In conclusion, bike-sharing system shouldn’t be promoted before regulations and policies are put in place. The government, companies and users should all play their role in making bike-sharing sustainable and enjoyable. (156 words)