部编版2020年高考英语阅读理解一轮练(1)(含解析)
2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（1）
李仕才
A
Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (学步的儿童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠无情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.
Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”
The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.
“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互动) that parents have with their young children can make a huge diff erence in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.
“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can hel p protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.
1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to cr ime.
B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.
C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.
D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.
2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?
A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited.
B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors.
C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.
D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors.
B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics.
C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions with kids.
D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.
4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing?
A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last.
B. To make sure if praise will change kids.
C. To determine if kids’ beh aviors will be inherited.
D. To determine if parents’ comfort will protect kids.
【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为。
1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their
antisocial behavior during their toddler years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。
3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a
very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or recei ving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties”可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确。4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children
through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确。
B
(2015·重庆一中一诊)
Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008，thousands died
in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it does n’t matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.What’s more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来气候的变化对人和动物的生存环境的影响。
1．What is the major function of Paragraph 1?
A．To arouse the reader’s concern.
B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
C．To summarize the whole passage.
D．To state how climate changes.
解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.”可知，最新研究数据表明，世界的气候变化已经严重地影响了社会和环境。而接下来的几段则是围绕气候变化对社会和环境具体的影响而展开的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介绍文章的主题。故选B项。
2．What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?
A．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.
B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.
C．To show the damage earthquakes caused.
D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.
解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing si gns of change.”可知，列举最近地球上所发生的地震是为了说明地球正在发生着重大变化。故选A项。
3．Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes’ effects?
A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
B．It could lead to the spread of diseases.
C．Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.
D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.”可知，地理学家预计在未来的八十年中，现在的世界气候带可能会改变，有的可能会完全消失，C项中说世界气候带可能会变化并会完全消失，与文中描述不符，故C项错误；根据第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.”可知，B项正确；根据第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be abl e to adapt fast enough and could disappear.”可知，A项正确；根据倒数第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.”可知，D项正确。故选C项。
4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly.
B．There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.
C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.
D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.
解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一个在经历气候变化的星球。故选D项。
C
Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locallyfarmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated. More and more local small farms are popping_up in opposition to factory farms.
Today's commercial farms do not fit the image that comes to mind while happily singing along to “Old McDonald”. Instead, most of the nation's food comes from CAFOs, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, where animals are kept in tightly enclosed conditions as they are fattened up and readied to be killed for food. Fortunately, knowing exactly where one's food comes from has led to an increase in the availability of what is known as “grassfed” beef. Technically, all cattle are grassfed for at least a limited amount of time, but what makes the meat significant is that it is grassfinished, not forcefed corn, soy or grains. This change in diet makes all the difference since corn is not part of the cow's traditional diet, and therefore causes major health issues for it. To deal with the health issues, antibiotics (抗生素) are used and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans, so they can decrease the effectiveness of medicine when a consumer is sick.
A healthier diet for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories. And when cooking grassfed beef, you'd better use a slightly lower temperature to make it more delicious.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。为了应对机械化农业的弊端，越来越多的小农业开始兴盛起来了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不仅丰富了人们的一日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。
1．The underlined words “popping up” (in the 1st paragraph) probably means ________. A．improving B．fading
C．profiting D．appearing
答案：D 词义猜测题。根据文章第一句中“and now more locallyfarmed protein choices are available”可知，现在有更多的当地小农场喂养的动物可满足人们对蛋白质的需求，即当地出现了越来越多小农场，由此可知，appear与pop up意思最为接近，故答案D符合文义。2．The song “Old McDonald” descri bes ________.
A．animals raised freely on local farms
B．animals kept in tightly enclosed conditions
C．commercial farms providing fast food
D．commercial farms providing unpopular foods
答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“Today's commercial farms do not fit the image...”的提示和下文对商业农场喂养动物的方法的描述可知，the song “Old McDonald”所描述的喂养方式正好和商业农场相反，由此可推知，答案A符合文义。
3．Some medicines are less effective for beef consumers probably because ________. A．some cattle feed on grains
B．all cattle diet on grass
C．some medicines are used to treat sick cattle
D．some antibiotics are used by both cattle and people
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中“and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans...”可推知，答案D符合文义。4．We can infer from the text that ________.
A．food from local farms can help add to the variety in our daily meals
B．soy or grains are on the list of traditional diets of the cattle
C．corn for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories
D．lower temperature makes grassfed beef more delicious
答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locallyfarmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated.”可推知，选项A“当地小农场的食物可以丰富我们的一日三餐”符合文义。B、C两项与原文不符；D项不是经过推理得出的，不符合题意，故排除。
D
(2016·贵阳高三适应性监测一)
Choose your wish list
It’s normal for any student’s college wish list to change throughout high school.But when it comes time to apply，many seniors have a hard time narrowing down their choices.
There’s no hard and fast answer，but there are several things you can do and ask yourself to make the decision easier.Here are three pieces of advice that might help.
Do your research
Above all，it’s important to figure out your wants and needs.What do you expect
from your education？What are you willing to give up?
Veronica Hauad，senior associate director of admissions(录取)at the University of Chicago in the US，said students should start by taking time to figure_out those questions.
“Find the thing that’s most impo rtant to you，and then you can start searching on that factor and sort things out later，”Hauad said.
Don’t focus on rankings
It’s easy to focus too hard on school rankings，but don’t let that make your decision for you when you’re looking at colleges.In the long run，rankings probably won’t have a big effect on your education.It’s OK to look at rankings，but don’t obsess(过于执着)over them.Find colleges that really interest you.If they end up being on a top list，think of it as an extra pleasure.
Think about your future
Here’s an important question to ask all of the colleges on your list：How many of your students find jobs after graduation？An Ivy League school may look good on an application，but what will the college do to help you find a job?
Students should also ma ke sure they’re going to college for the right reasons.
University of Illinois sophomore(二年级学生) Steve Wang said he has met students who aren’t looking at the bigger picture.“I see a lot of students who go to college for the sake of the college experience—n ot for a higher education.” Wang explained.“So people show up and spend a lot of time at parties and not really paying attention to schoolwork.That’s not really what college is for.”
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者向那些准备申请大学的高中生提供了三个建议：一是做好相关调查；二是不要太执着于大学的排名；三是考虑自己的未来。
1．What does the underlined part “figure out” probably mean?
A．Let out. B．Look out.
C．Make out. D．Check out.
解析：选C。词义猜测题。画线短语所在段落的上一段中提到了一些让学生思考的问题，根据逻辑关系可知，Veronica Hauad认为学生应该花些时间弄清楚那些问题，由此可推知，figure out的意思应为“弄清楚”，make out的意思也为“弄清楚”。故答案选C。let out 意为“使出来，使(火)熄灭”；look out意为“小心，注意”；check out意为“结账离开”，均不符合文意。
2．When you apply to a college，you should ________.
A．find out what you really want
B．choose the best known college
C．consider the things you can do
D．quit a chance for further study
解析：选A。推理判断题。根据作者给即将步入大学的高中生所提供的三个建议的内容，尤其是第三段第一句“Above all，it’s important to figure out your wants and needs.”可知，高中生在申请大学时一定要做好相关调查，弄清楚自己的真正需求，不要太执着于大学的排名，要为自己的将来考虑，选那些能真正吸引自己的大学。A项符合题意。故答案选A。
3．Steve Wang spends his main time on ________.
A．taking photos B．schoolwork
C．parties D．killing time
解析：选B。推理判断题。在最后一段中，Steve Wang认为很多学生来到大学，只是为了有上大学的经历，而不是为了接受更高的教育，持有这种想法的学生会经常参加聚会而不把主要精力放在学业上。由Steve Wang的话可推知，他不赞同这种做法，故他的时间应该主要是花在学业上的。故答案选B。
4．What is the text mainly for?
A．Researchers. B．Educators.
C．Applicants. D．Sophomore.
解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章前两段内容可知，这篇文章是给那些即将高中毕业、
准备申请大学的学生提供的一些建议。故答案选C。
E
Former National Football League player and children’s author Tim Green has added another book to his list of accomplishments: Unstoppable.The book tells the story of a 12-year-old boy named Harrison,who survives life in a cruel foster-home before he finally finds a loving family.Once he settles in and realises his natural football ability,tragedy strikes again and he loses his leg due to a deadly bone
cancer.Unstoppable follows Harrison’s incredible journey as he faces many challenges in his life.
Tim Green said he decided to write a novel about a kid facing cancer after watching how his wife fought to survive her own illness.“Her mental and physical toughness were more heroic to me than anything I’d ever seen in the national sports leagues,” Green told TFK Kid Reporter Zachary J.Lewis.
After watching his wife’s battle,Green said,he knew he needed to write about a person who struggled through a serious illness.But because the target age for his books is the teen,he needed to tell the story through the eyes of someone in that age.
When friends introduced Green to Jeffrey Keith,Green knew he had found the right person to help him “capture the heroism that it takes to fight
cancer”.Cancer-survivor Jeffrey Keith lost his leg at the age of twelve,but went on to be the goalie (守门员) for the Boston College Division 1 Lacrosse (长曲棍球) Team and was also the first amputee to run 3,300 miles across the country.When Green heard Jeffrey Keith’s story,he knew it was the perfect narrative on which to base his next book.
TFK asked Keith what it felt like to read Unstoppable for the first time.“Tim captured what it felt like for me to go through this experience and battle back,” Keith said.“After I read the boo k,Tim asked me to describe it in one word,and I said ‘awesome’.Tim’s book sends a message to all the kids across the country that are facing obstacles that can have nothing to do with cancer: you are all unstoppable,as long as you believe it.”
1.What happened to Harrison after he was adopted by a loving family?
A.He became a goalie of a football team.
B.He lost one of his legs in an accident.
C.He was found to suffer from blood cancer.
D.He realised he had talent for playing football.
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知,哈里森被一家好心人收养后,发现了自己的足球天赋。D项正确。后来,他得了骨癌,失去一条腿,并不是因为事故,B项错误。
2.Who inspires Tim Green to write the novel Unstoppable?
A.A boy named Harrison.
B.His wife.
C.Zachary J.Lewis.
D.Jeffrey Keith.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知,蒂姆·格林目睹了妻子与疾病作斗争的过程,她所表现出来的精神给了蒂姆·格林创作的灵感。
3.The underlined word “amputee” in Paragraph 4 most probably means .
A.a person who has survived cancer
B.a person who has had a leg or an arm cut off
C.a person who looks different from others
D.a person who has no arms or legs
答案:B
解析:词义猜测题。根据第四段可知,杰弗里·吉斯因患癌症,在12岁时失去了一条腿。但是,他在一个长曲棍球队继续担任守门员,并成为第一个跑遍全国3300英里的截肢者。上文说他失去了一条腿,因此可推测画线词意为“被截肢的人”。
4.What do we know from the last paragraph?
A.Jeffrey Keith thinks highly of Unstoppable.
B.Jeffrey Keith has read Unstoppable many times.
C.Unstoppable will be one of the best-sellers this year.
D.Jeffrey Keith is fond of reading Tim Green’s novels.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是awesome(了不起)可知,杰弗里·吉斯对蒂姆·格林的
这部小说Unstoppable评价很高。