(完整版)非谓语动词考点总结归纳.docx

非谓语动词考点总结归纳

非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高

考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：

①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。

②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。

③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。

④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。

1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。

不定式主动被动

一般形式（本身包含将去做To do To be done

的含义）

进行形式To be doing--------------

完成形式To have done To have been done

动词的 ING 形式主动被动

一般形式（本身包含正在进Ving Being Ved

行的含义）

完成形式Having Ved Having been Ved

●过去分词 done （无变化）

●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never 放在非谓语动词的前面。

2.三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较

功能主宾表定状补

种类

不定式√√√√√√

动名词√√√√

分词√√√√

考点一：非谓语作主语。

1.在很多情况下没有明显的不同 . Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.

2.不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作,而动名词则表示通常的情况.

eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. /Painting is an art.

动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it 作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词

1)形容词作表语 It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible 等）

It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. ( 常见的形容词是 clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel 等 )

2)常见的动词有： require, cost, amuse, delight,annoy 等

eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn ’t occur to me to ask him to help me.

3)一些名词作表语

eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way

动名词做主语时常用的句型有：

It is nice doing sth./It ’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It ’s a waste of time doing this.

/It’worths one ’ whiles doing sth./It’s no good(use) doing that.

It ’s an awful job doing this. /It ’s f un doing this.

There is/was no sense in doing/no point in doing

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考点二：非作5+3P70-72

充 :1.begin 和 start 在下列三种情况下 ,通常跟不定式 , 不跟名

1)当 begin 和 start 的主是无生命之物 .eg: Snow began to melt.

2)当 begin 和 start 用于行 .eg: He is beginning to study English.

3)当 begin 和 start 后面跟着一些表示心理状的. eg: I began to believe his story.

2.be afraid to do 不敢去做??be afraid of doing 害怕生某事

3.be sure to do 一定会??be sure of doing 确信会??

eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.(人的看法 ,Tom 一定会考通.)

Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 自己通考很有把握.)

考点三：非作表

不定式、名、分做表：

1. 不定式做表常表示所表示作之后生的作。不定式一般跟在系如: be, seem, remain,

appear 等后面 , 用来明主的内容。构中的主一般名，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc. eg. My purpose is to teach them a lesson.

有句子主也可以是不定式或名性从句。

eg:To be strict with students is to be responsible for them.

What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth. 如果主中含有do 的任何形式 , 那么不定式可以省去to.

2.名做表是主内容的解，主与表位置可互，名常用于口中。

Its full-time job is laying eggs.

3.分做表 :

在分作表:一般表示主或主的性和特征, “令人??”的 , 主多数情况是sth.

去分作表: 一般表示被或明主情感心理上的感受, “感到??的”,主多数是sb.

exciting, excited/annoying, annoyed /amazing, amazed /boring, bored/confusing, confused/

encouraging, encouraged /embarrassing, embarrassed /frightening, frightened 等

考点四：非作足5+3 P68-70

充： 1.++不 to 的不定式 :常用: feel (一感) ; hear, listen to(二听); make, let, have(三); see, watch, observe, notice, look at(五看 );help( 半帮助 ,可 to 或不 to)etc.

注意一：但改被，不定式要加to.

注意二：一定要注意与直接的主是被关系make oneself understood/heard

解技巧：牢固定搭配，关系。不定式和分作足是考察的重点要仔分析非所表示的作与作生的先后。

固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清

eg. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don ’ knowt what country he studied in.

A. to have studied

B. to study

C. to be studying

D. to have been studying

考点五：非作定5+3 P67-68

解：找所修的，关系，析作先后

与被修的名或代是主关系与被修的名或代是被关系

正在行doing being + done

将要去做to do to be done

已完成无done

考点六：非作状5+3 P66-67

非作状1)多表示伴随状，或事情生的原因，果，，条件等。作状

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2)分词要和句子主语关系保持一致

1．不定式1）表示目的，很常用。作目的状语只能是不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形(不能放句首) 2）表示结果，很常用。不定式做结果状语的固定搭配

only to do

too +adj/adv to do

so +adj/adv as to do ，

such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to do

only （ just） to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。

3）表示原因eg.He laughed to see them fall down./He wept to hear the news.

4）表示选择和比较eg.She opened her lips as through to speak./ He would die rather than give in.

2.分词解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辨逻辑关系，析动作先后

语法作用：

1）表示时间，相当于表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while 。常用于连词 When, before, while, after, since 等后面。也可以省略连词

eg. When allowed, we are supposed to come into the room.

Having finished his work, he had a walk.

2) 表示原因相当于原因状语从句because, since, for 和 as。

eg. Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it.

3）表示条件，相当于条件状语从句if eg. Given more time, I can finish the work.

4)表示让步，相当于让步状语从句though, although。

eg. Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

5) 表示结果，相当于结果状语从句，这种分词前通常有thus 或 thereby。

eg. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

6)表示方式或伴随情况，分词短语没有相当的状语从句，汉译时一般译成并列复合句

eg. They shook hands, smiling at each other.

The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.

7）表示方式eg. He sat there, as though waiting.

考点七：非谓语动词的独立主格结构详细见 5+3 P67 页

1．独立主格结构的句法功能在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等;有时还可以做定语

1)作时间状语Spring coming ,the fields are full of life .

2)作条件状语Weather permitting ,we will have a picnic this Sunday .

3)作原因状语There being no bus ,they had no choice but to take a taxi .

4)作伴随状语或补充说明The prisoner stood there ,his hands raised . ( 伴随状语 )

We met many guests ,most of them Americans.( 补充说明 )

5)作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky.

注意一：“逻辑主语 +being+ 其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语 +动词 -ing 形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中， being 往往可以被省去，这种省去 being 的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。

2．动词独立主格结构构成独立主格结构可分为两部分：

一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用

另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作

1)动名词的复合结构 : (若动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的东西,只用普通格 )

①物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词 (作主语、宾语、表语) ②代词宾格或名词普通格+ 动名词 (作宾语、表语)

2) 不定式“独立主格结构”构成为：名词／代词（主格）＋不定式，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上

的主谓关系。

eg: His mother to come tonight ， he is busy preparing the dinner.

（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. ）

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3)-ing 形式“独立主格构” 的-ing形式作状，其主一般与句子的主保持一致。可以表示，原

因，条件，方式状

eg: Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.（=状从句When everyone was ready）The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. （ =原因状从句Because the boy led the way）

My health allowing, I will work far into the night.（=条件状从句If my health allows ）

4)-ed 形式“独立主格构”

与主 +的 -ing 一，若 -ed 形式的主和句子的主不一致的，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格构。

eg:The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.

= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.

注意二：不定式表示作没有生或即将生，-ed 形式表示作已束，-ing 形式往往表示作正

在行。

eg:1.)The manager looks worried ，many things to settle（.事情没有理，而且是由理本人来理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. （事情已理好了，用-ed 形式 settled 表示作已束）

2)The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一做，一看。（两个作同行）

The food cooked, the boy went to bed.做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个作有先后，已做好，小孩才去睡的）

注意三：独立主格构中的being 在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being +名” 构中，二是在主是代的情况下;其他情况可以省略

eg: There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽，我只好走回家。

(作 , 通常用 there to be 构。 Members like there to be plenty of choice.)

eg: It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.因是星期日，所有公室都关。

eg: He turned to me, his eyes sleepy（. his eyes 和 sleepy 之省去了being）= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.

eg: School over, we all went home. （school 和 over 之省去了being） = School was over, and we all went home.

eg: He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.

= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.

注意四：在“ 主 +介短”构成的独立主格构里，如果名用数，可以不用冠，同介短里的限定也可省略。

eg:The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand. （ = The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand. ）

6、 with 、 without引的独立主格构

介 withwithout + +的足可以构成独立主格构，上面的独立主格构的几种情况在此构中都能体。

A ． with+ 名代 +形容eg.He doesn’ t like to sleep with thewindows open.

B ． with+ 名代 +副eg.Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.

C． with+ 名代 +介短eg.He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或

He stood at the door, computer in hand.

D ． with+ 名代 +的 -ed 形式 eg.With his homework done, Peter went out to play.

E． with+ 名代 +的 -ing 形式 eg.The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.

F． with+ 名代 +不定式eg.The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.

提示：在with/without的复合构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without不能省略。

Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. （ without 不能省略）

考点八：有些分短可以独立存在，在句子中没有上的主，作用法。（浮式分）

些短有： Generally speaking （的来），Frankly speaking （坦率地），Judging from （从??判断），Supposing

（假）， admitting that?, supposing that?, provided (that)?, regarding, seeing that?, concerning that?, grant 有些固定短是to 的不定式，表明人的立或度，在句中作独立成分。些短有：to be honest（老

）， to be sure （确）， to tell you the truth （）， to cut a long story short （短），to be frank （坦率地）， to make matters /

things worse （更糟糕的是），等等。

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