英国文学知识点
《英美文学》（03119）复习大纲
第一部分英国文学
一、课程简介
本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点，出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品；并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。
二、课程重点章节简介：
第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学
1. <<贝尔武夫>>
2. 乔叟及其代表作
第二章: 文艺复兴时期
1. 文艺复兴的定义
2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗
3. 培根的代表作
第三章: 十七世纪英国文学
1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<失乐园>>
选短
第四章: 启蒙运动时期
1.新古典主义
2.伤感主义
3.笛福及代表作
4.蒲伯及代表作
第五章: 浪漫主义时期
1.浪漫主义时期文学的特点
2.彭斯的创作特点及代表作
3.华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作
4.拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作
第六章: 维多利亚时期
1.维多利亚时期的文学特点
2.布朗蒂姐妹的代表作
第七章: 现代时期
1.现代主义文学
2.汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作
3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作
三、本课程重点和难点内容简介
第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学：
1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。
2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。
3．名词解释“骑士抒情诗”
第二章: 文艺复兴时期：
1.文艺复兴时期的时间界定
2.“文艺复兴”的名词解释
3.“人文主义”的名词解释
4.莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题
5.哈姆雷特的性格分析
6.英语解释《论学习》中的句子
第三章: 十七世纪英国文学：
1.英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子
2.《失乐园》的主要内容和意义
3.《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析
第四章: 启蒙运动时期：
1.启蒙运动时期的界定
2.新古典主义的基本主张和特色
3.伤感主义的名词解释
4.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析
5.蒲伯的《论批评》的主题
6.英文解释《论批评》
第五章: 浪漫主义时期：
1.浪漫主义时期的界定及文学特点
2.彭斯的诗歌的特点及其诗作“红玫瑰”
3.华兹华斯和科勒律治合作的《抒情歌谣集》的重要意义
4.华兹华斯的诗歌特点
5.英文解释华兹华斯“我如行云独自游”中的句子
6.拜伦“致希腊”的主题并用英语解释其中句子
7.雪莱“西风颂”的主题并用英语解释其中句子
第六章: 维多利亚时期
1.维多利亚时期的文学特点
2.艾米莉。布朗特的《呼啸山庄》的主题
3.夏洛特。布朗特的《简。爱》中简。爱的人物分析
第七章: 现代时期
1.现代主义文学的特点
2.哈代的代表作及写作特点
3.劳伦斯小说的主题及人物分析
四、课程内容疏理及应用领域、应用讲解方法
I. Old and Medieval Period
1．The Anglo-Saxon Period (5th century – 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of English )
Beowulf ：It is the first long poem in English, which is considered the national epic of the English people. Although Beowulf is a national epic of the English people, but it is a story of the Scandinavians
2.The Anglo – Norman Period
1)The most prevailing (主要的) of literature in the feudal England is Romance(骑士抒情诗).
名词解释：Romance
---------Romance is a literature form in middle English literature means a long composition in verse or prose form dealing with the life and adventures of a noble hero, generally a knight(骑士).The knights are unfailingly devoted to the king and the church. They are commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, involving in a large amount of fightings for their lords and always encountering romantic love affairs. In romances, loyalty to king and lord is repeatedly emphasized. Romance as a form of literature, is the upper class literature.
2) Geoffrey Chaucer –“the father of English poetry” and“the father of English fiction"
His masterpiece –Canterbury Tale is regarded as one of the monumental works in English literature.
论述题：
Briefly introduce the significance of Chaucer in his Canterbury Tale.
(1)His contribution to English literature can be seen in two aspects:
a. Realism:
All kinds of people except the highest (king and the top nobility) and the lowest (the very poor laboring people) are represented by these 30 pilgrims. Besides being the typical representative of her or his own class, each character has her or his own individual qualities. Therefore it gives a true pictur e of Chaucer’s time.
b. Humanism:
He highly praises man’s energy, quick wit and love of life, thus he reveals his ideas of humanism.
(2)His contribution to English language:
Ever since Norman Conquest, French and Latin were the languages used by the upper classes. Chaucer chose to use the London dialect of his day in his masterpiece. In doing so, he did much in making the London dialect the standard for the Modern English speech.
II、The Renaissance Period (14th to mid-17th)
名词解释：
1、Renaissance :The word “Renaissance” means revival, especially between the 14th and mid-17th century, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, therefore, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers made attempts to get ride of conservatism (保守主义) in feudalist
Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,
to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities. Humanism
is the essence of the Renaissance.
2.Humanism: Humanism is both the keynote of the Renaussance and the
intellectual liberration movement, associate with new attitude to ancient Greek and
Latin literaure. The humanists took interest in human life and human activities and
gave expression to the neeew feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement.
3.Shakespeare
His plays can be divided into four types: historical plays, comedies, tragedies
and romantic tragi-comedies.
Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth
1). Hamlet,例题：
论述题：
What are the main themes in Shakespeare’s tragedies, and analysis the character- Hamlet.( What’s the theme of Hamlet? Analyze the image of Hamlet.)
His tagedies often portray some noble hero who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a diffult situation whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whloe nation. The heroes have some weaknesses in their characters, which finally lead to their tragic falls.
Shakespear puts forward the image of Hamlet as a humanist of the Renaissance. He has an unbounded love for the world, nature and man; he loves good, hates evil, and is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions, he shows a contempt for rank and wealth; he is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated; he is a scholar, soldier, and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the man of the Renaissance. His weakness is his melancholy, but in spite of his melancholy and delay in action, Ham;et still retains his active energy. His learning, wisdom, noble nature, limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries.
2）Sonnet 18
It is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare, the poet holds that the
poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves. A nice summer’s day is usually short,
but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the
permanence of poety.
3）Sonnet 29
In this poem, the poem first complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in
life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves.
记住这两首诗及注释。
例题：
1.“For thy sweet love rememb’red such wealth brings,
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.”
1)Identify the poem and the poet.
2)What does the word “state” mean?
3)What is the poem about?
Answer:
1)Snonnet 29 by Shakespeare
2)Throne
3)In this poem, the poem first complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction
in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves.
4．Francis Bacon(1561 –1626) is regarded “Father of English Essays”.
He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than as a basis for obtaining knowledge.
His works : Advancement of Learning ，The great Instauration, New Atlantics, Essays(论说文集)
Of the 58 essays in Essays , “Of Study” is the better known and widely read. In this essay, Bacon tries to discuss the use and abuse of studies, the proper and improper ways to pursue one’s studies, and also the effect of the different kinds of studies upon human character.
记熟此文的名句及注释
例题：“some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others;”
1).What does “curiously” mean?
2) What does “deputy” refer to?
3).From which essay does the above sentense come, what is the easy mainly about?
Answer:
1).carefully, attentively
2).person appointed to act for another
3).This essay is from Bacon’s “of studies”. In this essay, Bacon tries to discuss the use and abuse of studies, the proper and improper ways to pursue one’s studies, and also the effect of the different kinds of studies upon human character.
III. The Seventeenth Century
I John Milton
His major literary works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes, all of which are based on the biblical legend.
记熟Paradise Lost选段及注释
例题：Give a brief comment on John Milton’s Paradise Lost, and anaylze Satan, the hero in this poem.
Answer: The poet points out at the beginning of the poem that the purpose of the epic is to “assert eternal Providence and justify the ways of God to man.” However, the main idea of the poem shown by the image of Satan, is a revolt against the tyranny’s authority. The defiant spirit of Satan simply shows the proud and sombre political passions of the persecuted revolutionaries after Restoration. In the image of the first two human beings, Adam and Eve, Milton shows his belief in the power of man, and the love between Adam and Eve voices Milton’s own enthusiasm for humanistic elements.
Though the purpose of this poem is, in Milton’s words, to “ justify the ways of God to man”, yet as Satan tries to justify himself by posing as a rebel against tyrnny, Milton apparently unconsciously makes the devil serves as his own mouthpiece. In
this part Satan tells his followers never to submit, but to fight for the bright future. The fiery utterance of Satan to his followers exposes Satan as a revolutionary who is agai nst depression and tyranny and longing for freedom, and shows Milton’s intense hatred of tyranny in the capacity of a bourgeois revolutionary. To Milton, the proud and sobre Saton represented the rebellious spirit against unjust authority.
IV. The Age of Enlightenment
名词解释：
1. Enlightenment
-------- It prevailed the whole 18th century. Its aim was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlighteners put great emphasis on reason, equlity and science. They insisted that reason should be the only and the final cause of any human thoughts and activities. They call for order, reason and rules. Moreover, they cherished universal education as an important means of enlightening human beings. They believed that human beings weere limited, imperfect, and yet capable of reason and perfection through education.
2．Sentimentalism:
--------There were the writers and poets in 18th century who strove for something natural and spontaneous in thought and language. In their literature creation, emotions and sentiments began to play a leading part again. An interest in nature as well as natural relations between man and man was awaken in their literature creation.
3．简答题
What are the characteristics of Neoclassicism?
Answer: 书上P103。
4．Daniel Defoe
(1) He is regarded by many as the first true novelist, and his Robinson Crusoe has a claim to be the first English novel.
(2) The analysis of Robinson:
Robinson represents the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stage of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit. He struggles hard against nature and makes her bend to his will. In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labour. Labour saves Robinson from despair and is a source of pride and happiness. He toils for the sake of subsistence, and the fruits of his labour are his own.His every voyage is connected with some commercial enterprise, eg: he labours for his own existence, but as soon as a native makes his appearance, Robinson assumes the role of a master. Here lies colonialism in germ.
5．Alexander Pope
.“Essay on Criticism” is didactic poem.It deplores the depth of true taste among the critics of his time, and tells the poets and critics how to write and appreciate poetry according to the principles set up by the old Greek and Roman writers: go to nature, follow the ancient critics.
The excerpt in our textbook is taken from the second part of the long poem “Essay on Criticism”. It demonstrates the danger of “a little learning” and of the
self-conceitedness of some people in learning and emphasizes the importance of learning intensively and extensively.
记熟该诗及注释。
例题：those attain’d, we tremble to survey
The growing labours of the lengthen’d way,
Th’ increasing prospect tires our wand’ring eyes,
Hills peep o’er hills, and Alps on Alps
1). Identify the poem and the poet.
2). What does “survey” mean?
3). What does these lines imply?
Answer: 1) Alexander Pope’s. “Essay on Criticism”
2).find
2)It demonstrates the danger of “a little learning” and of the self-conceitedness of some people in learning and emphasizes the importance of learning intensively and extensively.
V. The Romantic Period（这一章是重点章节，注意所选诗歌的注释及主题）1.General features of Romanticism
这一部分可能出论述题或简答题（论述题要答约200个字，简答题50-80个字）参见书上P171-174。
例题：How is Romanticism different from the Neoclassicism?
Answer: 先论述Romanticism的特点P171-174，然后论述Neoclassicism特点P103-105。
I) Robert Burns
记熟“Red red rose”
例题（诗歌这种形式出这样的题比较多）：
“Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi’ the sun!
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
While the sands o’life shall run.”
(1) Identify the poem and the poet.
(2) Interpret the meaning of this stanza.
(3) From the characteristics of this stanza, we can deduce which period
it belongs to.
Answer:
(1) Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose”
(2)The theme of it is permanent love, which itself is deep, genuine and
natural
(3) Romanticism
2) Wordsworth: the representative poet of passive romanticism, Poet Laureate(桂冠诗人) of England.
.The publication of the “Lyrical Ballads” marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England.
Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert Southey have often been mentioned as the
“Lake poets”.
记熟“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” 及注释、、主题
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is regarded as the most anthologized poem in En glish literature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth’s poetic belifs.
3）Byron:
(1) He created “Byronic Hero” in his works.
(2)“The Isles of Greece”
In this poem, the poet describes Greece with deep passion. He laments her fallen state and spea ks of her foreman’s glory and power, her brave men and heroic deeds. With strong passion he tries to arouse the Greek people’s patriotic feelings so that they might rise against the Turkish invasion.
记熟“The Isles of Greece” 及注释
4）Shelley
“Ode to the West Wind” is one of the most prized of Shelley’s shorter lyrics.
In this poem, Shelly eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. The main theme of the poem is his call for political and social reform.
记熟“Ode to the West Wind” 及注释
5）The major novelists of the English Romantic Period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott.
VI.The Victorian Period(这一章着重于小说，注意小说的主题是什么，主角是谁，主角的人物分析)
1.Characteristics of this age:
1) an age of prose
Since the wide spread of education, the number of readers has increased and it is the age of newspapers, magazines, and modern novels.
Newspapers, magazines are about the world’s daily life, and novels are the most pleasant form of literature entertainment, as well as the most successful method of presenting modern problems and modern ideals.
2) an age emphasized the moral purpose
The prose seems to depart from the purely artistic standard of art for art’s sake and to be actuated by a definite moral purpose, and the novel seems to sweep away error and to reveal the underlying truth of human life. So Victorian Age is emphatically an age of realism rather than of romance, which strives to tell the whole truth, showing moral and physical diseases as they are, and holding up health and hope as the normal conditions of humanity.
3) an age of doubt and pessimism
Because the scientific discovery and especially the Evolution give people a new conception of man and of the universe, it is customary to speak of this age as an age of doubt and pessimism.
2.Charles Dickens: He is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian
Age.
The theme of his novels
He has a serious intention to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice,
hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him. In his work, he attempts to call people’s attention to the existing social problem and thus bring about some reform or amelioration.P293
Oliver Twist: In this noval,Dickens gives a truthful presentation of the sufferance of the poor,and makes a complete exposure of the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the brutality and corruption of the oppressors under the mask of philanthropy.
1) The Brontes
Charlotte wrote The Professor and Jane Eyre, Anne wrote Agnes Grey., and Emily wrote Wuthering Heights.
The analysis of Eyre:
Eyre herself is Charlotte, little, long-suffering, shy, repressed, a smouldering volcano of passion beneath. This heroin represent the middle-class working woman who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being, moreover, Jane maintains that woman should have equal rights with woman. The novel severely criticized the limited options open to educated but impoverished women, and the idea that women "ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags." Jane's passionate desire for a wider life, her need to be loved, and her rebellious questioning of conventions, also reflected Charlotte's own dreams. Jane is an "Ugly Duckling", who fulfills all the teenage romantic dreams of passion that breaks all obstacles. VII．The 20th Century Literature
1. The major changes in attitude and technique in the modern novel:
1）The public values of the Victorian novel gave way to more personally conceived notions of value, dependent on the novelist own intuitions and sensibilities rather than on public agreement.
2）Time was no longer a series of chronological moments to be presented by continuous flow in the consciousness of the individual, with a retrospect merging into anticipation.
3）“Stream-of-consciousness” became a important new technique of the English novel.
4）The theme of modern novels
The theme of modern fiction is the possibility of love, the establishment of a emotional communication in a community of private consciousness.
2．Thomas Hardy
Living at the turn of the century, Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the past and the modern. As some people put it, he is intellectually advanced and emotionally tradition.
Novels
Under the Greenwood Tree (<<绿林荫下>>) 1872
Far from the Madding Crowd (远离尘嚣>>) 1874
The Return of the Native(<<还乡>>) 1878
The Mayor of Casterbridge (<<卡斯特桥市长>>) 1886
T ess of the D’Urbervill es (<<德伯家的苔丝>>) 1891
Jude the Obscure (<<无名的裘德>>) 1895
1. https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e2188411.html,wrence
1) .Main Works
Sons and Lovers
Rainbow
Women in Love
Lady Chatterlay’s Lover
2) Sons and LoversSons and Lovers ( an autobiographical novel)
例题：Make an analyse of the theme of https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e2188411.html,wrence’s work, and an analyse of Paul, the hero of “Sons and Lovers”.
The theme of Hardy’s novels:
He believes that life impulse is the primacy of man’s instinct, and that any conscious repression of such an impulse will cause distortion or perversion of the individual’s personality. In his novels, he traces the psychological development of his characters and criticizes the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He claims in his novel that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization, which turned men into inhuman machines.
An analyse of Paul
Paul is always under the strong influence of his mother in affections, aspiration and mental habits, and sees his father with his mother’s eyes. He depends heavily on his mother’s love which help to make sense of the world around him. In order to becomes an independent man and a true artist he has to make his own decisions about his life and work, and has to struggle to become free from his mother’s influence. However, he is incapable of escaping the overpowering emotional bond imposed by his mother’s love, so he fails to achieve a fulfilling relationship with girls. Finally, Paul determined to face the unknown future.
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)
Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英美文学考试复习点重点整理
1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P292 2.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？ 3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现) 4.三姐妹指的是？ 5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P303 6.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？ 7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？ 8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P116 9.乌托邦is written in form of ?P33 10.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P50 11.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？ 12.最著名作家：乔叟P19 13.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P5 14.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年
1.John Milton He was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. 2.Romance Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. 3.the Enlightenment It is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, social
自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英美文学欣赏知识点
英美文学欣赏知识点100句 1.The work that presented,for the first time in English literature,a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. 首次在英国文学，中世纪英国社会的全面逼真的画面，创造了从各行各业生动的人物整体画廊是杰弗里·乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集。 2. Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. 乔叟被看作是英国诗歌之父。 3. The verse form of heroic couplet was introduced into English poetry and employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature by Geoffrey Chaucer. 3.英雄对联的诗体被引入英国诗歌和诗与真正的轻松和魅力，第一次在英国文学的杰弗里·乔叟的历史就业。 4. The Canterbury Tales presents a whole gallery of vivid characters,the team of pilgrims,people from all walks of life,including 31 members altogether. 4.坎特伯雷故事呈现生动的人物整体画廊，朝圣者的队伍，来自各行各业，其中包括31名成员共有人。 5. Generally,Renaissance refers to the intellectual movement during the period between 14th and mid-17th centuries,its essence was humanism. 5.一般来说，文艺复兴是指智力运动在14和中17世纪之间的时期，它的本质是人文精神。 6. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama.
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式