网络环境下的大学英语听力自主学习

网络环境下的大学英语听力自主学习
网络环境下的大学英语听力自主学习

价值工程

1大学英语听力教学现状任何一种语言的学习,都不容忽视听的能力。听力理解能力的高低在很大程度上决定了学习者整体语言能力。系统地培养听力理解能力对提高学习者综合英语语言应用能力是至关重要的,具备良

好的听力技能可以树立学生语言交际的信心。

大学英语听力教学一直以来在英语教学中占有重要地位,随着大学英语教学改革的深入以及多媒体网络技术的普遍应用,利用网络进行自主听力学习已经成为一种趋势。

随着大学英语四、六级网考的逐步推行,听力考试的比重加大,越来越多的学校意识到增加听力课时、加强听力教学的重要性。目前在我国的很多高校,已经开设了英语听力课程网络教学,建立了基于网络的学生自主学习中心。英语网络自主学习,是遵照大学英语课程教学的相关要求,建立的网络自主学习和英语课堂教学相结

合的模式。这种新的教学模式充分发挥了学习者的自主性,

学生可以根据自己的时间、学习基础以选择合适的学习内容和学习进度,也可以结合自身的特点,利用计算机和网络单独反复地进行语言训练,从而提高自己的综合英语应用能力。但是虽然网络与多媒体技术已在许多高校普遍应用,对习惯了传统教学模式的学生而言,面对内容丰富的网上听力学习资源往往不知如何取舍,心理上还是想更多地依赖老师的讲授和指导。一到自主学习的环节就面临紧张的心理压力,无法充分受益于先进的网络多媒体教学模式。

2网络环境下的听力自主学习存在的问题2.1网络资源丰富导致学习任务不明确,抑制了学习者主观能动性的发挥网络为学生提供了丰富的学习资源,除了教材上的大量练习,还有种类繁多的视频影音资源,该选择哪些材料才适合自己,资料的难度如何把握,以及如何合理有效的利用时间,等等诸如此类问题导致学生对听力学习任务不明确,学生一遇到相对专业的题材,就会被大量的生词吓倒,而丧失听懂的信心,相反,如果遇到内容简单的听力材料,又会觉得缺乏挑战性而失去听的兴趣。另外听力材料语速的快慢,听力学习进度的掌控都是学生短时间内无法自知的。这些问题若无法及时解决就会抑制学习者主观能动性的发挥。

2.2协作学习有待加强目前普遍应用的大学英语教材都是按照话题中心(Topic-centered )模式编排,每一个单元围绕一个话题展开,相应地网络学习平台也是如此。这就要求学生在网上自主学习时围绕一定的学习主题,在特定的网络环境中,通过互动进行的建构性的活动,而互动除了人机互动以外还需要学习者之间的互动以及与教师的互动。

因此,网络课程中的学习环境应包括自主学习环境与协作学习

环境两部分。

协作学习(Collaborative Learning )是一种通过小组或团队的形式组织学生进行学习的一种策略。小组成员的协同工作是实现班级学习目标的有机组成部分。小组协作活动中的个体(学生)可以将其在学习过程中探索、发现的信息和学习材料与小组中的其它

成员共享,甚至可以同其它组或全班同学共享。协作学习是网络教

学模式自主性之外的又一大特征,网络学习环境就像是一个虚拟的课堂,在这个课堂上除了要发挥学习者自身的主观能动性,同样需要教师与学生之间的协作以及学生与学生之间的协作。而目前许多高校的听力自主学习只体现了自主性,缺乏协作学习的氛围。

2.3学生的非智力因素障碍上海师范大学燕国材教授的《应重视非智力因素的培养》一文发表后,非智力因素引起了我国教育学和心理学界的重视。非智力因素的培养主要是培养学生的意志力,道德修养,克服困难的勇气和能力及自信、自立、自强的良好心理素质等。听力理解过程本身是一个复杂的心理过程。因此学生在进行听力训练时,许多非智力因素也可能会影响听力理解的效果。目前我国许多省份高考不考听力,很多学生在上大学之前完全没有进行有效的听力训练,学生没有接触过这种全新的英语学习模式,在适应这种模式的过程中,难免会产生紧张焦虑的情绪,甚至产生恐惧和抵触心理。一旦产生这种非智力因素障碍,就更难听懂材料内容,逐渐丧失学习动机。另外,自1999年高校扩招以来,学校生源差异加大,有些基础相对较差的学生,非常容易在学习过程中产生紧张的心理压力,而影响听力的效果,最终对听力活动失去兴趣。如果学生能够以良好的精神状态和饱满的注意力去听,那么其听音效果自然就好;反之,如果学生自身根本不感兴趣,心理抵触和厌倦情绪自然就会产生听力障碍,从而导致听的效果不理想。

3提高网络听力自主学习效率的应对策略

3.1教师的指导与监控必不可少教师除了课堂讲授具体内容之外,在网络学习中应指导学生、帮助学生快速自主地明确学习任务,尽快的熟悉整个听力的学习过称,能够自如取舍,合理选择适合自己的听力材料,合理安排听力的学习时间。另外,自主学习习惯的培养需要一个过程,尤其是对于习惯了在老师的监控下学习的学生,在网络学习环境中,需要教师定期对学生的学习效果进行检测,通过不同方式监控学生的学习情况,以确保自主能力差的学生就不会放任自流。

3.2在网络自主学习中强调协作学习的重要性协作学习可使学生在有效的交际实践中建立起自信和责任感,学习真实的交流模式,从而学会用目的语进行有意义的交流。有效地利用网络的特点,与老师、同学以及各类英语学习者交流,采取各种形式的合作学习,从而在最大程度上促进自己以及他人的学习,实现共同的学习目标。合作学习已经成为当代主流教学理论和策略之一,被誉为“近十年来最需要和最成功的教学改革”和当今社会最有效、最进步的学习方式。

3.3充分利用网络,进一步优化学生非智力因素学习者在受教育的过程中,非智力因素和智力因素的培养同样重要,现代教育应注重学生的综合素质的培养,而不仅仅是智力发展。丰富的网络资源以前所未有的多种形式为学生提供了便利的学习环境。学生可以根据自身的需要利用网络进行开放的自主学习,教师可以借用网络平台,充分发掘优化学生的非智力因素,以此弥补学生智力发展中的弱点、激发他们英语学习积极性、创造性。教师要学会期待,学

——————————————————————

—作者简介:张季萌(1974-),女,河南邓州人,英语语言文学硕士,讲师,主要

研究方向为英语教学及英美文学。

网络环境下的大学英语听力自主学习研究

Research on College English Self-study for Listening Competence under the Network Environment

张季萌Zhang Jimeng

(云南财经大学外语教学部,昆明650221)

(Faculty of Applied Foreign Language Studies ,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics ,Kunming 650221,China )

摘要:通过对大学英语听力学习现状的分析,指出网络环境下听力自主学习存在的问题,进而提出提高网络听力自主学习效率的应对策略。

Abstract:Though the analysis on current situation of college English self -study for listening competence,it is found that there are still many

problems existed under the modern network environment.Strategies are raised to reinforce the effectiveness of students ’online learning for listening competence.

关键词:网络环境;大学英语听力;自主学习Key words:network environment ;college English listening competence ;self-study

中图分类号:G642

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1006-4311(2012)04-0162-02

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