2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解
1. [3×8=24] Use the International Phonetic Alphabet (国际音标) to write out the pronunciation of each of the following words. Pay particular attention to the primary and secondary stresses.
Copenhagen Canberra develop create denomination cosmopolitan demonstrative
When we pronounce the word “Canberra,” we think we pronounce /n/ for “n”in “Canberra.” What do we actually pronounce?
答案：
Copenhagen [] Canberra [] develop []
create [] denomination
[]
cosmopolitan [] demonstrative
[]
What we actually pronounce is a sound which is approximate to the sound [m], because of the assimilation of the following sound [b], which is a bilabial consonant.
2. [3×5=15] Decide if each of the following sentences contains a phrasal verb. If it
does, decide if it is a separable phrasal verb or an inseparable one. (For instance, the sentence “Turn on the computer” contains a phrasal verb that is separable because you may say, “Turn it on.”)
(1) They looked up the word in the dictionary.
(2) The old man lives down the street.
(3) The teacher couldn’t think of a good answer.
(4) The car crashed into a shop.
(5) He and his roommates talked over Bob’s assignment.
答案：
(1) There is a phrasal verb “look up”in this sentence, which is separable
because we may say “Look it up in the dictionary.”
(2) There is no phrasal verb in this sentence, since the grouping of the phrase
“lives down the street” should be “lives/ down the street”.
(3) There is a phrasal verb “think of” in this sentence, but it is inseparable since
we can not say “think it of”.
(4) The sentence contains no phrasal verb, since the constituents of the sentence
should be “crashed” and “into a shop”.
(5) The sentence contains a phrasal verb “talk over”, which is separable since
we may say “talk it over”.
3. [3×5=15] Describe the role the utterance “I hate that guy” plays in each of the
following situations:
(1) A: You left before he arrived. (2) A: He might be able to help you.
B: I hate that guy. B: I hate that guy.
(3) A: Few people like to talk to him. (4) A: What do you think of him?
B: I hate that guy. B: I hate that guy.
As English majors, what should we do in order to learn different meanings of an utterance like “I hate that guy” in the above situations?
答案：
(1) The utterance in this conversation implies B’s opinion towards his missing
the chance to meet “that guy”. By such
an expression, B probably intends to say that he doesn’t feel regretful about it, and it might be more pleasant for me not to see him at all.
(2) The utterance implicates a refusal of the offering of the help and additionally
the reason for his refusal.
(3) The utterance follows the statement of “few people like to talk to him” as a
strategy for B to classify his identity. It
implicates that B intends to make clear his position, which is on the same side with most people
(4) This utterance functions as the answer to A’s question about B’s impression
about “that guy”, namely that B dislikes that guy.
4. [4×2=8] Which of the following sentences are ambiguous? If you know how, use tree diagrams to show how these sentences are ambiguous.
(1) The children put the toy in tile box.
(2) The professor’s appointment was shocking.
(3) No smoking section is available.
(4) Jack refused to change his decision.
答案：
(1) This sentence is unambiguous since the structure can be illustrated as:
(NP The children) (VP put (NP the toy) (PP in (NP the box.)))
(2) The professor’s appointment was shocking.
The professor’s appointment was shocking.
Therefore, it could be clear that the sentence is ambiguous.
(3) No smoking section is available.
No smoking section is available.
Thus, this sentence is ambiguous.
(4) Jack refused to change his decision.
Thus, this sentence is unambiguous.
5. [3×2=6] Study the following exchange and then answer the questions that follow.
“Take some more tea.” the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.
“I’ve had nothing yet,” Alice replied in an offended tone, “so I can’t take more”
(1) Why was Alice offended?
(2) What is the problem with the March Hare’s remark? What is the linguistic issue involved here?
答案：
(1) Alice was offended because she felt that she seemed to be accused of
something sh e hadn’t done. The March Hare’s remark could be interpreted in a way that he presupposed Alice had already had some tea, which was not
true.
(2) The March Hare ignored the possible presuppositive relations among
sentences. Presupposition is the relation between propositions by which A presupposes B if, for A to have a troth-value, B must be true. In his utterance, the word “more”functions as the presupposition triggers. It presupposes that there is already something existing. In this specific utterance, it presupposes “You have already had some tea”, which is not true according to the reality.
6. [4×3=12]For each of the following pairs of sentences, discuss how the two
sentences are different from each other.
(1) A. His carelessness I can’t bear
B. I can’t bear his carelessness
(2) A. A dagger killed the tourist.
B. The tourist was killed with a dagger.
(3) A. A hurricane killed eight people
B. Eight people died in a hurricane
答案：
(1) These two sentences are different in the sense that the thematic structures are
different. The theme of a sentence is often the known information, which the sentence is mainly about. Sentence A provides some information about “his carelessness”, since “his carelessness”serves as the theme. Whereas,
英语语言学试题(1)及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
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2021复旦大学英语语言文学考研参考书真题经验
复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验
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英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解
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英语语言学试题库
英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.360docs.net/doc/8f15032048.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
英语专业考研语言学试题集锦
语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。我收集了一些高校语言学的往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流一下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。 1 One of the main features of our human language is arbitrariness .Can you briefly explain what is this feature refers to ? Give examples if necessary(10 points). < 北师大2003年试题） 2 In english we can describe a story as "a successful story" or "a success story ".Do you think they mean the same ? Please explain and give your reasons(10 points) ,< 同上》 3 Expain the following terms ,giving examples where necessary.(50 points) <中山2003》 design feature macrolinguistics vowel minimal pair folk etymology aspect anopho r error analysisr metaphor 4 Language can change through blending ,metanalysis ,back-formation, analogical creation and borrowing.Give two english words for each of them ( 5 points) 清华 2000年试题 5 Answer the following question briefly.clearly,grammatically and correctly.(10 Points ) 湖南师大2003年 What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ? 7 Define the following terms.(10 points) 中国海洋大学1999 Phoneme ,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentric construction,semantics,hyponymy ,language ,design feature 8 Define the following terms .(20 points) 苏州大学1997 allophone morpheme assimilation internal authority interlanguage phatic communion closed-class word government semantica triangic lingua franca
英语语言学试题(2)及答案-2002年1月
英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called
南京大学95年考研试题
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[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编28.doc
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28 一、填空题 1 The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as______. (中山大学2008研) 2 ______is formed when the leaner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the second language but is neither. (中山大学2006研) 3 Hymes' theory leads to notion/function-based syllables, and a step further, ______syllabuses. (中山大学2005研) 4 Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context. (中山大学2008研) 5 As a compromise between the "purely form-focused approaches" and the "purely meaning-focused" approaches, a recent movement called______seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning. (中山大学2011年研) 二、单项选择题 6 In Krashen's monitor theory, "i" in "i + 1" hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to ______. (对外经贸2006研) （A）interaction （B）interference （C）input （D）intake 7 The______is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the language items needed for them. (西安外国语学院2006研) （A）structural syllabus