美国文学史

美国文学史
美国文学史

美国文学史复习

一、选择题(1‘x20=20‘)

1、P1 American Puritanism, the one enduring influence in American literature

2、P35 Benjamin Franklin, the faithful account of the colorful career of America‘s first self-made man

.3、P45 Washing Irving The Sketch Book

最著名的两部分Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

4、P83 Heman Melville赫尔曼麦尔维尔Moby Dick这本书是百科全书式的风格It is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. In a addition to a detailed account of the operation of the whaling industry.

5、P96 Emily Dickinson 作品主题recluse隐士隐居会写永恒爱情、宗教但绝不会写友谊

6、P116Realism现实主义三大代表William Dean Howells Henry James Mark Twain

7、P125 Henry James 会考查选出不是他的作品的一项他的代表作品有

The Turn of the Screw《螺丝在拧紧》What Maisie Knew《梅西所知道》

The Ambassadors《奉使记》The Wings of the Dove《鸽翼》

The Golden Bowl《金碗》

8、P133 Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(The Great American Novel)以小孩的视角凸显成人主题The Adventures of Tom Saw yer is a ―a boy‘s book ‖ 是儿童书,要明白区分这两本书的不同点

9、P133 Mark Twain 马克吐温的作品中以作品命名一个时代的是The Gilded Age

10、P141 American Naturalism 受到欧洲左拉的影响

三个代表Stephen Crane Frank Norris Theodore Dreiser

11、P215 F.Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德是Jazz Age(19世纪20年代)的文学代言人描写的是爵士时代的生活方式

12、P225 Hemingway The Sun Also Rises《太阳照样升起》

13、P225 Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea 帮助他获得1954 Nobel Prize

故事情节 a old Cuban fisherman and his battle with a great marlin

14、P231William Faulkner Sound and Fury《愤怒与喧哗》通过四个叙述者来讲故事

15、P248 Sinclair Lewis(路易斯)The first American author to win the Nobel Prize for literature(in American literature)

16、P265 John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath 描写的是大萧条时期农民的生活

17、P287 Eugene O‘Neil(奥尼尔) American Drama Long Day‘s Journey into Night《进入黑夜的漫漫旅程》是奥尼尔的自传autobiography 知道自传体

18、P299 Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman(要知道作者)

19、P313 Postmodernist Novel(后现代主义小说) 写作技巧、特征有

absurd(荒诞)parody(戏仿) metafiction(元小说) black humor(黑色幽默) avantgardism(先锋派主义) 考试时会将别的词混入其中,要会判断

20、P365 Allen Ginsberg Howl《嚎叫》代表作

21、P424 J.D.Salinger The Catcher in the Rye《麦田里的守望者》知道作者

22、P459 Joseph Heller Catch-22《第22条军规》知道作者

23、Edger Allan Poe the features of detective stories

1)Poe‘s style is traditional. It‘s much too rational, too ordinary to reflect the

peculiarity of his theme.

2)The modern Chinese masters like LuXun and Guo Mo-ruo all felt his presence on

the Chinese literary scene of the early decades of this century.

二、填空.(2‘x 15=30)

1.P43. American Romanticism was both imitative and independent.

2.P45 Washington Irving the Sketch Book 《旅行札记》

3.Washington Irving Leatherstocking 皮袜子故事集中最有名的一个故事

The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》

4.P63 Emerson ―The American Scholar‖played a very important part in the

intellectual history of the nation. ―The American Scholar‖has been regarded(first by Oliver Wendell Holmes)as―America‘s Declaration of Intellectual Independence‖.

5.P70 Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑The Scarlet Letter《红字》

6.P88 Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass《草叶集》?free verse‘

7.P124现实主义三大代表Henry James ―the international theme‖国际主题

8.P128 Henry James 主要写作方法He used a particular method of telling story

that is, illumination of the situation and characters through one or several minds.

This method he termed―point of view‖

9.P132 Mark Twain 作品The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of

Huckleberry

10.One of Mark Twain‘s significant contributions to American literature lies in the

fact that he made colloquial speech

11.P141 American Naturalism 受Zola 影响Naturalism

12.P163 Imagery∕Imagism意象主义Imagist Movement意象主义运动Ezra

Pound 是领军人物

13.P195 Robert Frost –1961年肯尼迪总统就职典礼上读诗He received honors

from forty-four institutions, and became the nation‘s unofficial Poet Laureate when invited to read his poem at President Kennedy‘s inauguration in 1961.

14.P221 Ernest Hemingway ----The Lost Generation其一生的作品主题----grace

under pressure压力下的优雅

15.P287 Eugene O‘Neil Long Day‘s Journey into Night《进入黑夜的漫漫旅程》

16.P499 Vladimir Nabokov --- Pale Fire 该怎么读,读者的心态、期待。Lolita 《洛

丽塔》,又译为《洛丽泰》、《罗莉泰》,是作者弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫流传最广的作品,绝大部分篇幅是死囚亨伯特的自白,叙述了一个中年男子与一个未成年少女的恋爱故事。

小说最初未获准在美国发行,于1955年首次被欧洲巴黎奥林匹亚出版社出版。1958年终于出版了美国版,作品一路蹿升到《纽约时报》畅销书单的第一位。《洛丽塔》已被改编成电影。

三、连线题(作者、作品、引文)(2‘x15=30‘)

1、Washington Irving The Sketch Book P46 引文

But Europe held forth the charms of storied and poetical association. There were to be seen the masterpieces of art, the refinements of highly-cultivated society, the quaint peculiarities of ancient and local custom. My native country was full of youthful promise: Europe was rich in the accumulated treasures of age. Her very ruins told the history of times gone by, and every moldering stone was a chronicle. I longed to wander over the scenes of renowned achievement — to tread, as it were, in the footsteps of antiquity — to loiter about the ruined castle — to meditate on the falling tower — to escape, in short, from the commonplace realities of the present, and lose myself among the shadowy grandeurs of the past.

2、Ralph Waldo Emerson The American Scholar

―the sun shines today also….There are new l ands, new man, new thoughts. Let us demand our own works and laws and worship, Our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands draws to a close ‖

3、Henry David Thoreau Walden

Simplicity, Simplicity, Simplicity …. Simplify, Simplify 4、Walt Whitman Song of Myself

all goes onward and outward, nothing collapses I am deathless. I exist as I am. One world is aware…and that is myself. I am large, I contain multitudes. 5、Emily Dickinson Because I Could Not Stop for Death

6、Edgar Allen Poe To Helen

7、Stephen Crane The Red Badge of Courage 梦想回到过去回到战场 8、Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie 人性处于本能与理性之间

Or rather, he passed us

The dews drew quivering and chill For only Gossamer, my gown My tippet only tulle.

We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the GROUND The roof was scarcely visible The cornice in the ground.

Since then 'tis centuries and yet Feels shorter than the DAY

I first surmised the horses' heads Were toward eternity.

To the glory that was Greece And the grandeur that was Rome.

Lo! in yon brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand! Ah, Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy Land![1]

Helen, thy beauty is to me

Like those Nicean barks of yore, That gently, o'er a perfumed sea, The weary, wayworn wanderer bore To his own native shore.

On desperate seas long wont to roam, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, Thy Naiad airs have brought me home

Because I could not stop for Death He kindly stopped for me

The Carriage held but just Ourselves And Immortality.

We slowly drove, he knew no haste And I had put away

My labor and my leisure too, For his civility.

We passed the School, where Children strove At recess in the ring

We passed the fields of gazing grain We passed the setting sun.

9、F.Scott Fitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德The Great Gatsby 最后一句也是作者的墓志铭 So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back, ceaselessly into the back. 10、Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea a old Cuban fisherman and his battle with a great marlin

11、Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

12、Allen Ginsberg Howl

What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and

imagination?

Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unobtainable dollars! Children screaming under the stairways! Boys sobbing in armies! Old men weeping in the parks!

Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy judger of men!

Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of sorrows! Moloch whose buildings are judgment! Moloch the vast stone of war! Moloch the stunned governments!

Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! Moloch whose blood is running money! Moloch whose fingers are ten armies! Moloch whose breast is a cannibal dynamo! Moloch whose ear is a smoking tomb!

四、名词解释 (5‘x2=10‘) 1. Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism was a literary movement that flourished during the middle 19th Century (1836 – 1860).It began as a rebellion against traditionally held beliefs by the

He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound‘s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow.

My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year.

English Church that God superseded the individual. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.The transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit or the over soul as the most important thing in the universe.They stressed the importance of the individual and offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the spirit or god.

2.Naturalism

A more deliberate kind of

realism,usually involves a view of human being as passive victims of natural forces and environment. Naturalists reported truthfully and objectively, got great amounts of data from actual life. They painted life as it was.They wrote about the helplessness of man, his insignificance in a cold world and his lack of dignity.They are concerned with the less elegant aspects of life. Its typical settings are the slum, the sweatshop, the factory and the farm. They represented the life of the lower class truthfully and broke into such forbidden regions as violence, sex and death.

3.Local colorism:

it is a type of writing that was popular in the late 19th century,particularly among authors in the souths os u.s.this style relied heavily on using words ,phrases,and slang that were native to the particular religion in which the story took place.The term has come to mean any device which implies a specific focus,whether it be geographical or temporal.

五、问答题P276(10‘)

1.The new criticism 新批评的内容主张:

①It focus on the analysis of the text rather paying attention to external elements such as its social background, its authors‘ intention and political attitude, and its impact on society.

②It explores the artistic structure of the work rather than its authors‘ frame of mind or its readers‘ responses.

③It also sees a literary work as an organic entity, the unity of content and form, and places emphasis on the close reading of the text.

2.优缺评价:

①优:kept the basic Modernist values-----economy, wit, irony, impersonality, careful form etc, but abandoned or toned down other High Modernist features such as extreme fragmentation, paratactic syntax, ellipsis, symbolism and myth, cross-culturalism, and allusions.

It proved to be easier to compose. It was rational, witty, rigorous in meters and stanzas.

②缺:it became cautious and traditional, and less revolutionary and disorienting.

美国文学史-知识点梳理

Part I The Literature of Colonial America I.Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II.The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III.The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV.Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V.Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of

美国文学史总结

ⅠColonial America(17th century)殖民主义时期文学 1.In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered America and he mistook the native people on the new continent for Indians. Character of colonial literature: a.content: religious, political b.form: diary, journal, letters, travel books, sermons, history (personal literature) c.Style: simple. direct, concise d.out of humble origins Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history. The earliest settlers in America included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿) 2.Captain Town Smith, the first American writer 3.Puritan Thoughts: hard work, thrift(节俭), piety(虔诚), sobriety(节制), 这些也成了早期 美国作品主导思想. 典型的清教徒:John Cotton & Roger William, John Cotton was called “the Patriarch of New England(新英格兰教父)” 清教徒采用的文学体裁:narratives(日记) and journals(游记) 清教徒在美国的写作内容: 1)Their voyage to the new land 2)Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3)About dealing with Indians 4)Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 4.Private literature: theological, moral, historical, political 5.The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. Anne Bradstreet is one of the most interesting of the early poets, 英国最早移民到美国的诗人. The best of the Puritan poets was Edward Taylor. ⅡReason and Revolution(18th century)理性和革命时期文学 1.The War for Independence (1776-1783) ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 2.Bourgeois Enlightenment 3.Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard’s Almanac(穷人理查德的年鉴), an annual collection of proverbs. The Autobiography, 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传 ?The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The Puritans, as a type, were very much given to self-analysis. ?The Autobiography shows Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18th-century Enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free, by nature endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

美国文学史常耀信版

美国文学史常耀信版 很有用的哦! 2008-08-10 22:02 阅读206 评论0 字号:大中小 美国文学史常耀信版 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America浪漫主义American Romanticism(1815-1865) 早期浪漫主义early romanticism——Irving欧文, Cooper库柏, Bryant布莱恩特 先验主义transcendentalism and symbolic representation——Emerson 爱默森,Margaret Fuller玛格丽特福勒,Thoreau 梭罗 三位重要的小说家——Hawthorne 霍桑,Melville 梅尔维尔,Poe 坡 二位重要的诗人——Whitman 惠特曼,Dickinson 狄更生 现实主义American Realism(1865-1914) 带有地方色彩的写作local color writing——Mark Twain马克吐温 现实主义literary realism——James 詹姆士,Howells 豪斯尔斯 自然主义literary naturalism——Garland 加兰特,Grane 格雷恩,Frank Norris 弗兰克诺里斯,Jack London 杰克伦敦,Theodore Dreiser 西奥多德莱塞 现代主义American Modernism(1914-1945) 现代主义在欧洲American modernism in Europe——Gerturde Stein 格特鲁德斯坦因,Ezra Pound 艾兹拉庞德,Amy Lowell 艾米洛威尔,H.D.(Hilda Doolittle) 杜丽埃尔 战时的现代派小说modern fiction between the wars——William Faulkner 威廉福克纳,Hemingway 海明威,Fitzgerald 费兹杰罗,Passos 帕索斯,Steinbeck 斯坦贝克 现代派诗歌modern American poetry——T.S. Eliot 艾略特,Wallace Stevens 史蒂文斯,William Carols Williams 威廉姆斯,卡明斯 Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Sense常识;American Crisis美国危机;Rights of Man人的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Moneyoor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth致富之道;The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;

美国文学史期末参考复习资料

仅作参考,最主要还是要自己消化,整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832

美国文学史及选读复习重点

Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet;The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America (colonists living) Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson: Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The

(完整版)美国文学史复习资料

美国文学史复习1(colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁:a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容: 1)their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想: 1)puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂,提供简单服务,建立神圣地位 3)look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民,对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4)puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5)religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面,忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒:John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同:John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点:Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德,信仰上的诚,并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人:Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人:the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南: 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2(reasoning and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质: The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家: 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 1)"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation 2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部,讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题 3)established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆,还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 4)first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges. 5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表,他不断建议英国改变政策,使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。 6)As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能,表达简洁明了,幽默,讽刺天才、 7)The Way to Wealth致富之道The Autobiography自传18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传

美国文学史期末总结

美国文学史美国文学

全书的焦点集中于南太平洋一条名叫莫比·迪克的白鲸,以及捕鲸船皮廓德(Pequod)号的船长阿哈(Ahab)如何对它有不共戴天的仇恨.阿哈在一次航行中被莫比·迪克咬掉一条腿,立志报仇,指挥皮廓德号环航全球追踪,终于发现了它.经过三天放下小艇紧追.虽然刺中了这条白鲸,但它十分顽强狡猾,咬碎了小艇,也撞沉了大船.它拖着捕鲸船游开时,绳子套住阿哈,把他绞死了.全船人尽皆灭顶.只有一个水手借着由棺材改制的救生浮子而逃得性命.整个故事以这个水手伊希梅尔(Ishmael)自述的方式展开. The book focuses on a whale named Moby Dick lived in south pacific and the captain of whaler Pequod—Ahab. Ahab was once bite by Moby Dick and lost a leg, determined to revenge,he commanded whaler pequod do global tracking, and finally found it. After three days of hot pursuit with the skiff,while they stabbed this white whale, but it was very tenacious and cunning, eventually chewed the skiff, also sank the ship. It dragged whaler swimming away, the rope was around Ahab, he was hanged. Almost all of people on the boat drowned, only a sailor called Ishmael survived .

美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.

History And Anthology of American Literature (6) 附:作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1.船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图,附:一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2.威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3.约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4.罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5.安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2.詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1

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