英语阅读自主作业(三)
浙江万里学院外语学院
《英语阅读（三）》姓名
学号
专业班级
2012 年9月-12 月
一、There are six business cases in the following. Please discuss with your partner and find out the reason of their failure, and write your answers in the correspondent space.
1.An American golf ball manufacturer launched its products in Japan packed in
boxes of 4. sales were poor until they changed the pack size…
Answer:
In Japan 4 means unlucky but 3 and 5 are lucky number
2. A soap powder advertisement showed a picture of dirty clothes on the left, a box
of soap in the middle and clean clothes on the right. sales were very poor in the Middle East…
Answer:
In the Middle East people usually read from right to the left, so people in the Middle East think the soap powder can turn clean cloth into dirty clothes.
3.Rolls-Royce reported poor sales for their ‘Silver Mist’model in Germany until
they decided to change the name…
Answer:
Because in Germany mist means shit and bad.
4.United Airlines ran into problems with flights out of Hong Kong when an early
sales promotion involved handing passengers a white carnation…
Answer:
In Hong Kong white carnation means bad luck
5. A factory director Went to a Trade Fair in Guangzhou. And he happened to run into the meeting when export manager and Indonesia customers were negotiating the contract. Seeing the visit of the director, the manager introduced the director to the customers. The director held a briefcase in his right hand, so he used his left hand to hold the other’s right hand. Suddenly, the guest stopped smiling and lost the previous bargaining enthusiasm. After a short while they claim to have other appointments, and hastily left the booth. The trade failed.
Answer:
Because in Indonesia used left hand to hold the other’s right hand shows disrespect.
6. A business case in Iran: the leader of a British company respects the Islam influence and avoids any kind of potential political talks. They signed the contract happily, and after that, he puts his thumb up. Then, their partners become angry, and an Iran official leaves the room immediately. The British Businessman is quite confused. Answer:
In Iran putting one’s thumb up means defiance.
二、Based on your understanding of intercultural business etiquette, please make
a research through reading the related materials and express your ideas on intercultural business etiquette in the following. Your answer should have three parts: 1. the importance of intercultural business etiquette.
2. Etiquette is different from country to country, to some extent, it will decide if you can succeed in business. In this situation, how do you deal with the conflicts between two different etiquettes?
3. What can we do to avoid the misunderstanding in intercultural business based on what you have learnt from Unit 2.
(注意：回答不得少于1000字)
Answer:
Modern technology makes it easier and more comfortable for men of enterprise to travel, communicate with their partners, and do business internationally. In this diverse, but full of opportunities, environment, the most important factor for managing a successful business is the appreciation and respect for country and cultural differences among individuals. In modern society good manners and intercultural communication etiquette are the two qualities that define whether a company will be able to boost itself onto the international marketplace or it will remain restricted within the borders of domestic business. Thus, there is a great demand for skilful intercultural business communicators.
Etiquette is different from country to country, to some extent, it will decide if you can succeed in business. In this situation, how do you deal with the conflicts between two different etiquettes? First of all, as soon as you are apprehensive of a conflict explain to your partner, and exchange your different attitude to the issue, it might be a pleasant communicating. If you can not explain immediately, you can send an e-mail or a phone-call to make up. It is a comment thing to make misunderstandings, do not be too nervous.
No pain no gain. Next time, when doing business with foreign partner you can do some prepare about how to deal with the potential misunderstanding.
First of all, you must establish a right attitude toward culture difference. People have lived all over the world. They have lived in different areas and environment. Over the years they have experienced different impressions. Each group and nation has its own specialty in communication. Doing business around the world needs a fair understanding of cultural practices and business etiquette. Aspects such as personal
space, physical contact, gestures, gifts and basic pleasantries differ sometimes widely throughout the globe and all cultures will appreciate your being knowledgeable about, and your making an effort to accommodate, their particular preferences in these matters.
Attitude, refers to a person in conversation with others in the manner the whole process of expression, and hence reflected in the personal cultivation and treatment of basic views talk to the object. To some extent, the attitude of conversation and sometimes even more important than the content of conversation. In the foreign exchanges, especially in the first dealing with a foreigner, the conversation is usually more affected by the attitude of the other concerns. For each one involved in foreign-related activities, the Chinese, to talk to in order to make their own attitudes to meet the requirements.
Secondly, you can read extensively for cultural information. For example if you do business in Italy, you should know that Italians prefer to do business with high‐ranking people; Hierarchy is the cornerstone of Italian business; Italians respect power and age. Then you can give partner a good impression, and understand his or her performances which otherwise may beyond your imagination. You also need to know how to greet with your partner and how to make him or her comfortable but not fawn. Take Italy as an example again. Punctuality in the Italian business environment, as a rule, is taken very seriously. However, even though you will be expected to arrive on time, your Italian counterparts may not always adhere to this rule. Individualism ranks highest and is a significant factor in the life of Italians. The high Individualism ranking indicates individual responsibility and close family ties. This means that Italians will tend to take care of themselves and their immediate family first. So if your italy partner ask for leaving because of family issue, do not be so surprise.
Different people has different attitude towards business, when you meet your partner what is your main purpose, and what is his or her main purpose, I will show you how important it is by compare American with Italy. Americans prefer taking risks while Italians don’t; Italians are more long-term oriented than Americans. In the aspect of business etiquette, in America the aim of most business discussions in the US is to arrive at a signed contract while in Italy decisions are not necessarily reached in meetings. Interruption is common is Italian meetings while is uncommon in America. First impression plays a more important role in business life in Italy than in America. Italians tend to develop firm relationship with business partners while Americans believe business is business.
Avoid misunderstandings relating to multicultural communication and achieve better understanding and appreciation of differences in working relationships and in multicultural contexts. Here are some tips.
1. Do not behave absent-minded, half-heartedly, or the attitude of an exaggeration with a vengeance.To some extent, the attitude of conversation and sometimes even more important than the content of conversation. In the foreign exchanges, especially in the first dealing with a foreigner, the conversation is usually more affected by the attitude of the other concerns
2.With particular attention to their eyes and gestures. Do not look around, and eyes do not dare talk to the object with the right vision, do not tread on and find fault, pointing to each other, playing the pat
3. Note the tone. Conversations with others, the tone of the speech can not be careless, namely the so-called issue of tone. When talking with foreign friends in their own tone, it absolutely should pay attention to treat people equally respectful courtesy.
4. Note demeanor. Here the so-called demeanor, specifically when talking of the expressions and movements. When talking with foreigners, both in the air of the friendly, but also stretch freely. In his speech, we should note that neither haughty nor humble, respectful and courteous. In each other's speech, they have to concentrate, to listen. Both said to myself or listening to, do not behave absent-minded, half-heartedly, or the attitude of an exaggeration with a vengeance. With particular attention to their eyes and gestures. Do not Everywhere you look around, eyes did not dare talk to the object with the right vision, do not tread on and find fault, pointing to each other, playing the pat.
It is normal to misunderstand each other, do not be nervous when come across conflicts.
◎In China, why do people give gifts in pairs?
Because Chinese people think good things should be in pairs. give gifts in pairs shows Chinese people’s best wishes.
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摘要：随着课程改革的逐步深入，无论是在高考的命题趋势还是教师的教学环节都更加注重我们高中生学习英语的实践性，这使得英语写作的地位提升到了更高的层次。但是，我们高中生的学习方法并没有与之发生相应的改变，我们依旧抽出定量的学习时间进行专项式的写作训练。其实，笔者认为写作能力的提高却非一朝一夕之功，而阅读和写作是密切相联系的，我们可以在日常的阅读中提升自己的写作能力。本文就从，高中英语写作现状、英语阅读对写作的重要作用、阅读背景下的写作学习方法三方面展开论述。 关键词：高中英语阅读;英语写作;方法 语言是一种社交的工具，写作产生于社会交际的需要。英语的学习除了能听懂对方讲话进行日常交流的同时，我们还要能够运用原汁原味的英语写出精美的文章来表达出我们内心的感受、想法。写作考核是我们英语的综合技能，它需要充足的词汇量、正确的语法以及相关的文化背景等。而高中阶段我们接触到的文章大多数水平较高，通过文章的深入学习和恰当的学习策略，对于我们英语写作能力的提升具有主要的价值。 一、高中英语写作现状 写作能力的提升存在于我们日常英语学习的各个环节，因此，重在积累是写作能力提高的关键要素。我们自从上学以来，词汇、语法的学习在我们学习时间中占有了很大的比例，而我们接触相关的写作教学则较晚，在与周围同学的交流的过程当中，笔者发现同学们在写作中主要存在以下几个问题： 1、词汇不足、选词不准确 众所周知，写作是建立在充足的词汇量基础上的，但是许多同学不重视词汇的积累和运用，这就导致我们在真正的写作环节中陷入“无词可用”的尴尬境地。大脑中记忆的词汇远不能灵活地表达出我们的所思所想，这是许多同学在写作中产生的普遍现象;另一方面，同学们不懂得文章的美化，依旧采用初中阶段简单的词汇，我们写出的文章让人读起来仿佛是简单词汇的堆砌，毫无美感可言。举一个例子，在描述一个学生成绩优秀时，同学们只会用“good”，而不会用较高级的词汇“excellent”，这样虽然降低了犯错误的概率，但是文章的层次和精彩程度都大打折扣。 2、句式单一，结构不熟悉 高中阶段的写作要求我们要掌握多种文章的写法，如书信、报告等以后工作都广泛应用的文章形式，而这些类型我们在日常的阅读中都会接触到。但是同学们不注重阅读文章的结构分析，使得我们对写作要求的格式十分陌生。我们高中生学习了很多语法形式，但是不能将其运用到写作中，我们写出的文章复合句式较少，而大篇幅的都是简单的句式。 3、思维定式，文化不恰当 英语作为一门语言，它有特定的文化背景，我们写出的文章要符合其背景，这样才能写出地道的文章。但是我们同学们受母语的影响，许多文章的句式都采用中文的写作形式，这种“中式写作”未免让人读起来有种不伦不类的感觉。 二、英语阅读对写作的重要作用 阅读是我们在精心的学习一篇文章，我们除了要弄懂词汇的含义，还要对其文章结构、句式、极其作者情感的表现技巧等进行全方位的剖析。在新课标的实施背景下，我们接触的阅读尽可能与原版美文相契合，这种“接地气”的阅读形式，能让在我们学习到原汁原味的英语同时还能够了解当地的文化气息。阅读是语言的输入，写作则是语言的输出，我们只有在输入环节提升质量，我们才能自然地写出优美的文章。 三、阅读背景下的写作学习方法 高中英语阅读是丰富多彩的，除了课文教师讲解的文章外，我们在做题和课下阅读过程
高一英语阅读理解同步练习附答案
高一英语阅读理解同步练习附答案 高一英语阅读理解同步练习附答案 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Moscow,Russia(Space news)-The computer is a better chess player,insisted Viktor Prozorov,the loser. It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move.I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind(为人类着想），but I just couldn't win, he announced and shook his head sadly. Prozorov's disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present,some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine.Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships(锦标赛）around the world,since the fun had been taken out of the game. The computer walked－or rather,rolled-away with 5,000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and light. 56.Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A.5,000 dollars goes to a computer! B.New invention a laughing computer! C.World's best chess player beaten! https://www.360docs.net/doc/902115483.html,puter defeats man in chess! 57.How did some of the grand masters feel about the chess game between Prozorov and the computer? A.They thought that the game was no fun. B.They thought that the game wasn't fair. C.They agreed that Prozorov didn't play well. D.They were unhappy that the computer had won. 58.What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter(懊恼)about? A.That he didn't win the$5,000. B.That he hadn't tried his best. C.That he had lost to a machine. D.That this was the end of the chess game. 59.After winning the game,the computer_____. https://www.360docs.net/doc/902115483.html,ughed B.walked away C.made some remarks D.gave out some lights and sounds 60.Many chess players felt that playing with a computer would_____. A.make the game tougher B.make the game less interesting C.make man appear foolish D.make man lose lots of B Extract 1 A computer A computer is an information processor.It is given information,called data,instructed to do certain things and then show us the results.The data put into the computer is called theinput and the results which come out are the output.Some people say the circle of large standing stones at Stonechenge is a kind of computer.Prehistory people worked out their calendar from the position of the shadows made by the sun shining on the stones.
专业英语阅读与写作教学大纲
《专业英语阅读云写作》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 二、课程性质和目的 专业英语阅读与写作是电气工程及其自动化专业的专业英语课程，是将专业知识的学习与英语的学习有机地结合起来，在基础英语知识的基础上，侧重了专业英语的阅读与翻译技巧的训练。通过本课程的学习，使学生能够熟练阅读本专业外文教材，掌握专业英语翻译技巧和英文写作的基本要求，为从事相关工作打下坚实的基础。 三、课程教学的基本要求 1．熟悉一般科普类英语的文体，掌握科技英语浏览和阅读的基本技巧； 2．掌握科技词汇的一般构词和使用方法； 3．掌握英文正式书信和其他常用应用文的描述与写作方法； 4．掌握英文中图、表和曲线的描述与写作方法； 5．熟悉专业英语文体、阅读及翻译技巧。 6．熟悉专业英语文献的基本结构，如摘要、引用、时态、参考文献等，借鉴IEEE文献格式，掌握专业英语中写作的一般方法。 四、课程教学基本内容 1．科技英语阅读 电气工程及其自动化专业科技英语阅读包括三个阅读单元，每个单元由一篇核心阅读内容（CRT）和一篇补充阅读内容（SRT）构成。每个单元附有大量的阅读练习，包括科技词汇、语法、阅读理解和翻译等。每单元4学时。 (1) CRT：Stampede on the Superhighway SRT：The Complete Survival Guide to the Information Superhighway (2) CRT：Traffic Technology Drivers to clear the road SRT：Factors in the Development of Transportation (3) CRT：Once and Future Landfills SRT：Water Resource Management System
新课标高一英语阅读理解精选1-10篇
英语阅读是高中阶段英语学习的重要组成部分，由于受国内条件限制，高中生和英美人士直接交流的机会不多，因此阅读成为高中生英语学习的主要形式。提高英语阅读能力可以提高英语考试成绩已是人们的共识。时间不用多，每天十分钟，每天读一篇，日积月累，坚持下去，就一定会有收获。 新课标高中英语阅读精选――高一 内容：故事 Passage 1 One day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant almost exhausted was still bravely doing her best when a dove saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man come near. He was walking along barefooted with a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove, he wished to kill it. He would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life. （163w） 1. The ant could not reach the side though _______. A. she cried for help B. she asked the dove to save her C. she tried very hard D. she could smell well 2. The dove saved the ant because _______. A. she was the ant's friend B. she took pity on the poor ant C. the ant was almost exhausted D. the ant had been struggled in the water for a long time 3. The ant succeeded in getting on the bank with the help of _______. A. a leaf B. a piece of wood C. a blade of grass D. a raft 4. Just as the man shot at the dove, _______. A. the dove immediately flew away B. the dove hid himself in the grass C. the ant told the dove to leave at once D. he felt something biting him in the foot 5. In writing the story, the writer wants to show _______. A. how clever the ant was B. how kind the dove was C. how the ant and the dove helped each other D. we often need help from others, therefore we should help others as much as we can 词汇扩展 ①desperate adj. 拼死的②exhausted adj. 精疲力竭的 ③dove n. 鸽子④blade n. 叶片 Passage 2 Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day, then he worked with it till midnight. But Johnny was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! Johnny changed his English grade from an F to A. Johnny' parents looked at his report card. They were very happy. "An A in English!" said Johnny's Dad. "You're a very clever boy, Johnny." Johnny is a hacker. Hackers know how to take informationfrom other computers and put new information in. Using a modem, they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer accountand put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers.