《史记南越王尉佗传》阅读试题答案及翻译译文
《史记|南越王尉佗传》阅读试题答案及
翻译（译文）
《史记|南越王尉佗传》阅读试题答案及翻译（译文）南越王尉佗者，真定人也，姓赵氏。秦时已并天下，略定杨越，置桂林﹑南海﹑象郡，以谪徙民，与越杂处
十三岁。佗，秦时用为南海龙川令。至二世时，南海尉
任嚣病且死，召龙川令赵佗语曰：“闻陈胜等作乱，秦
为无道，天下苦之，项羽﹑刘季﹑陈胜﹑吴广等州郡各
共兴军聚众，虎争天下，中国扰乱，未知所安，豪杰畔
秦相立。南海僻远，吾恐盗兵侵地至此，吾欲兴兵绝新道，自备，待诸侯变，会病甚。且番禺负山险，阻南海，东西数千里，颇有中国人相辅，此亦一州之主也，可以
立国。郡中长吏无足与言者，故召公告之。”即被佗书，行南海尉事。嚣死，佗即移檄告横浦﹑阳山﹑湟溪关曰：“盗兵且至，急绝道聚兵自守！”因稍以法诛秦所置长吏，以其党为假守。秦已破灭，佗即击并桂林﹑象郡，
自立为南越武王。
高帝已定天下，为中国劳苦，故释佗弗诛。汉十一年，遣陆贾因立佗为南越王，与剖符通使，和集百越，
毋为南边患害，与长沙接境。
高后时，有司请禁南越关市铁器。佗曰：“高帝立
我通使物今高后听谗臣别异蛮夷隔绝器物此必长沙王计
也欲倚中国击灭南越而并王之自为功也”于是佗乃自尊号为南越武帝，发兵攻长沙边邑，败数县而去焉。高后遣将军隆虑侯灶往击之。会暑湿，士卒大疫，兵不能踰岭。岁余，高后崩，即罢兵。佗因此以兵威边，财物赂遗闽越﹑西瓯﹑骆，役属焉，东西万余里。乃乘黄屋左纛，称制，与中国侔。
5．对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是：（3分）()
A．且番禺负山险负：背靠
B．即被佗书，行南海尉事被：给予．颁布
C．佗即移檄告横清……曰移：改动
D．欲倚中国击灭南越而王之王：统治
6．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法都不相同的一组是：（3分）()
A．南海尉任嚣病且死北山愚公者，年且九十
B．此亦一州之主也，可以立国鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里
C．为中国劳苦，故释佗弗诛天下熙熙，皆为得来；天下攘攘，皆为得往
D．佗因此以兵威边君子不以言举人，不以人废言 7．下列选项中，全部说明赵佗能够“割据自立”的原因的一组是：（3分）()
①秦为无道，……中国扰乱②恐盗兵侵地至此
③番禺负山险，阻南海④颇有中国人相辅
⑤高帝已定天下，为中国劳苦⑥高后听谗臣，别异蛮夷
A．①③⑤B．②④⑥C．①②③D．④⑤⑥
8．下面对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是：（3分）()
A．秦二世时，赵佗担任南海郡龙川县县令，是任嚣的下属，后得到任嚣的信任，代任南海郡尉的职务。
B．高后执政时期，禁止赵佗在边关设市进行铁器贸易，并派大军征讨赵佗，攻占了赵佗的好几座县城。
C．汉高祖刘邦平定天下后，由于中原百姓困苦，无暇他顾，被迫封赵佗为南越王，以保持南方的安定。
D．高后驾崩后，赵佗用财物收买百越各部落，使他们归附南越，进而扩展疆土，与汉朝天子分庭抗礼。
9．断句和翻译。（9分）
（1）用“//”给下面一段话断句。（3分）
高帝立我通使物今高后听谗臣别异蛮夷隔绝器物此必长沙王计也欲倚中国击灭南越而并王之自为功也（2）翻译下列句子。（6分）
①吾恐盗兵侵地至此，吾欲兴兵绝新道，自备，待诸侯变，会病甚。
译文：
②高帝已定天下，为中国劳苦，故释佗弗诛。
译文：
5答案C。（移：移送，传送）
6答案B。A中的且均为“将”，B项分别为“的”和取消句子独立性；C项均为“因为”；D项均为“凭借”。 7答案A。②⑥句不是原因。②句是任嚣的担心，⑥句是指高后，而非赵佗。
8答案B。是赵佗攻占了长沙边邑数县。
9高帝立我//通使物//今高后听谗臣//别异蛮夷//
隔绝器物//此必长沙王计也//欲倚中国击灭南越而并王
之//自为功也（对2个得1分）
（1）我怕强盗的军队侵夺土地，打到这里，我想发动军队切断通往中原的新修大道，自己早作防备，等待
诸侯的变化，恰巧我的病重了。（得分点：绝．会，句意各1分）
（2）汉高祖已经平定天下，因为中原百姓劳顿困苦，所以高祖放过了赵佗，没有杀他。（得分点：为．释，句意各1分）。
译文：
南越王尉佗是真定人，姓赵。秦国兼并了六国，攻
取并平定了杨越，设置了桂林．南海和象郡，把犯罪而
被迁徙的百姓安置到这些地方，同越人杂居了十三年。
尉佗，秦朝时被任命做了南海郡的龙川县令。到秦二世时，南海郡尉任嚣得病将死，把龙川令赵佗召来，并对
他说：“听说陈胜等发动了叛乱，秦朝推行暴虐无道的
政策，天下百姓对此感到怨恨，项羽和刘邦．陈胜．吴
广等，都在各自的州郡，同时聚集民众，组建军队，象
猛虎般地争夺天下，中原地区扰攘动乱，不知何时方得
安宁，豪杰们背叛秦朝，相互对立。南海郡偏僻遥远，
我怕强盗的军队侵夺土地，打到这里，我想发动军队切
断通往中原的新修大路，自己早作防备，等待诸侯的变化，恰巧我的病重了。再说番禺这个地方，背后有险要
的山势可以依靠，南有大海作屏障，东西几千里，有些
中原人辅助我们，这也能当一州之主，可以建立国家。
南海郡的长官中没有谁值得我同他研究这些事，所以把
你召来告诉你这些事。”任嚣当即向赵佗颁布任命文书，让他代行南海郡的职务。任嚣死后，赵佗就向横浦．阳山．湟谿关传布檄文，说：“强盗的军队将要到来，要
疾速断绝道路，集合军队，保卫自己。”赵佗借此机会，逐渐用法律杀了秦朝安置的官吏，而用他的亲信做代理
长官。秦朝被消灭后，赵佗就攻击并兼并了桂林和象郡，立自己为南越武王。
汉高祖已经平定了天下，因为中原百姓劳顿困苦，
所以汉高祖放过了赵佗，没有杀他。汉高帝十一年（前196），派遣陆贾去南越，命令赵佗因袭他的南越王的称号，同他剖符定约，互通使者，让他协调百越，使其和
睦相处，不要成为汉朝南边的祸害。南越边界与北方的
长沙接壤。
高后时代，有关部门的官吏请求禁止南越在边境市
场上购买铁器。赵佗说：“高帝立我为南越王，双方互
通使者和物资，如今高后听信谗臣的意见，把蛮夷视为
异类，断绝我们所需要的器物的来源，这一定是长沙王
的主张，他想依靠中原的汉王朝，消灭南越，兼作南越王，自己建立功劳。”于是赵佗就擅加尊号，自称南越
武帝，出兵攻打长沙国的边境城邑，打败了几个县才离去。高后派遣将军隆虑侯周灶前去攻打赵佗。正遇上酷
暑潮湿的气侯，士卒中的多数人都得了重病，致使大军
无法越过阳山岭。又过了一年多，高后死去，汉军就停
止了进攻。赵佗因此凭借他的军队扬威于边境，用财物
贿赂闽越．西瓯和骆越，使他们都归属南越，使他的领
地从东到西长达一万余里。赵佗竟然乘坐黄屋左纛之车，以皇帝身份发号施令，同汉朝地位相等。
完整word版2000 2015年专八翻译真题与答案
2000年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文 中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。 世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观 众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。 参考译文The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms. The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization. Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers. The third generation of museums in the world are those replete with / full of wholly novel concepts / notions / ideas. In those museums, visitors are allowed to operate the exhibits with their own hands, to observe and to experience carefully. By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries. The China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums. It has incorporated some of the most fascinating features of those museums with international reputation. Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology, acoustics, and biology, those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements. 2001年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文 C-E 乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都
ASP外文翻译原文
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毕业设计外文翻译原文.
Optimum blank design of an automobile sub-frame Jong-Yop Kim a ,Naksoo Kim a,*,Man-Sung Huh b a Department of Mechanical Engineering,Sogang University,Shinsu-dong 1,Mapo-ku,Seoul 121-742,South Korea b Hwa-shin Corporation,Young-chun,Kyung-buk,770-140,South Korea Received 17July 1998 Abstract A roll-back method is proposed to predict the optimum initial blank shape in the sheet metal forming process.The method takes the difference between the ?nal deformed shape and the target contour shape into account.Based on the method,a computer program composed of a blank design module,an FE-analysis program and a mesh generation module is developed.The roll-back method is applied to the drawing of a square cup with the ˉange of uniform size around its periphery,to con?rm its validity.Good agreement is recognized between the numerical results and the published results for initial blank shape and thickness strain distribution.The optimum blank shapes for two parts of an automobile sub-frame are designed.Both the thickness distribution and the level of punch load are improved with the designed blank.Also,the method is applied to design the weld line in a tailor-welded blank.It is concluded that the roll-back method is an effective and convenient method for an optimum blank shape design.#2000Elsevier Science S.A.All rights reserved. Keywords:Blank design;Sheet metal forming;Finite element method;Roll-back method
让英语教学与大数据同行——作文教学与批改网
让英语教学与大数据同行——作文教学与批改网 ——献给Janice和那些被作文批改所折磨的英语同行们 Runner 2015-11-04 22:27来自QQ空间日志 很长一段时间以来，我都没有勇气给学生布置课外的写作任务了。因为我知道，学生的作文如果收上来后没有被我以极大的决心及时批改的话，它们可能几个星期，几个月或者一个学期都会躺在我的办公桌上，直到上面落满了厚厚的灰尘，然后在期末考试前分发给学生，或者被我心怀歉意扔进垃圾堆里。（原谅我吧，我亲爱的同学们！）于是在2014年时我就想，会不会有一种方法或者软件能帮助我们批改作文，把我们广大的英语教师从这个mission impossible 中解放出来？去网上搜索了一下，我发现了一个叫句酷批改网的网站，注册后，进网站浏览了一下，觉得很是新奇，但当时忙于班主任工作且高考日益临近，无暇去进行教学的尝试。转眼到了2015年8月，从我的好朋友Janice(Thanks a lot, Janice)那里淘来了一本《大数据时代》。在将这本书束之高阁了一个多月后，终于有一天，心情烦闷的我翻开了这本注定要改变我教学方式抑或我的人生轨迹的书。（在此也向大家强烈推荐这本书，大数据时代的扛鼎之作。） 在那醒目的书名《BIG DATA》下面这样写道：A REVOLUTION THAT WILL TRANSFOMR HOW WE LIVE, WORK AND THINK。当时我想，这些年我们听说过的REVOLUTION也太多了，真正发生的似乎又寥寥无几。轻轻的翻过封面，读完宽带资本董事长田溯宁、知名IT评论人谢文、电子科大教授周涛的三篇序
言后，我便再也不舍得放下这本书了。一口气读了100多页，心中顿觉豁然开朗，这不正是我在一年前苦苦追寻的问题的解决之道吗？原来英语作文教学的救赎之道，在悄然来临的大数据时代早已被我们握在手中，只是我们浑然不知。我突然意识到，一年前我注册的句酷批改网不正是大数据在教学实践中的一种运用吗，于是又在网上搜索了一番，开始重新了解这个一年前与之失之交臂的作文教学利器。 2010年，一次偶然的机会让批改网的创始者们发现了高校英语老师的需求。批改网在向南京大学推广英语学习综合平台时，南京大学的老师告诉他们，这样的平台对当前的高校英语教学帮助甚微，高校实行大班制，每位老师带一百多名学生，教师批改作文，花费时间太长，1分钟一篇，仅仅看完就需要两小时，而老师最痛苦的地方还在于学生在写作中反复出现的错误。此外，学生写作文，如果老师反馈及时，学生才会有写作的动力。但是，由于各种原因，老师的反馈一般要隔一周或两周，甚至更长，所以高校老师最大最迫切的需求是改善作文的批改环节。 2011年9月，在江苏省的一个学术会议，批改网这一在线英语作文批改平台开始面向广大的高校英语教师推广。刚开始推广地点选择了重点高校比较多的北京和江苏。渐渐地，批改网被清华、北大及复旦、上海交大等高校所接受，并在此基础上形成了著名的中国高校英语写作教学协同创新联盟。 批改网批改作文的原理是，作文提交后，网站将作文从“词汇”、“句子”、“篇章结构”、“内容相关度”4个大类192个维度进行拆分，每个维度都会与批改网建立的英语本族语 语料库 (即国外英语文章的素材)作对比。语料库越丰富，对比的客观性就越高，机器批改与人工批改的一致率就越高。为了测试机器批改与人工批改的基本一致率，批改网在2011年尝试批改了南京大学的1456份英语作文，在将批改结果与人工批改结果对比后发现，两者基本一致率为92.05%，高于美国ETS的 E-Rater 公布的基本一致率92%。这次尝试使得这个在线英语作文批改平台获得了挑剔的一线英语教师们的认可。 2015年4月16日至5月31日,批改网联合清华大学、北京大学、南京大学、复旦大学、中山大学五所高校发起“百万同题英文写作”活动，本次活动由清华大学负责命题，题目为：“We Are What We Read（阅读造就你我）”，最终，共计109万人参加了这次百万人写同一篇文章的写作活动。这个本来为大学英语4级、6级，TOFEL、GRE 英语作文教学而设计的平台也在这次活动中延伸到了全国
最新01-14年专八汉译英(附答案)
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案： 2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。 参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face. 2013年 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
2016专八真题翻译题及答案详解
2016年专八翻译题及答案详解 “流逝”表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。 【参考译文1】 They have found that the flowing water,either a murmuring stream or a mighty river, passes quickly and never returns. With the passage of time, the young become the old and the green grass turns yellow. People naturallyhave a sense of urgency to value every bit of time. As time goes by,no matter how slowly it elapses, people always use the word “liushi” to warn thelater generations for fear of time’s flowing away. They tell their descendants to treasure every single minute and make a hurried action, which adds a sense of tension to the word. 【参考译文2】 They find that either a murmuring stream or a mighty river has gone forever and that the passage of time turns a young man into an old one, and yellows of the grass, which sends a massage of how time flies. Maybe the passing of time is slow. But no matter how slow it is, it makes people so fearful that they use “passage” to warn the later generations to rush. And the use of “passage” also infuses a sense of tension into the word. 【参考译文3】
中国的对外贸易外文翻译及原文
外文翻译 原文 Foreign T rade o f China Material Source:W anfang Database Author:Hitomi Iizaka 1.Introduction On December11,2001,China officially joined the World T rade Organization(WTO)and be c a me its143rd member.China’s presence in the worl d economy will continue to grow and deepen.The foreign trade sector plays an important andmultifaceted role in China’s economic development.At the same time, China’s expanded role in the world economy is beneficial t o all its trading partners. Regions that trade with China benefit from cheaper and mor e varieties of imported consumer goods,raw materials and intermediate products.China is also a large and growing export market.While the entry of any major trading nation in the global trading system can create a process of adjustment,the o u t c o me is fundamentally a win-win situation.In this p aper we would like t o provide a survey of the various institutions,laws and characteristics of China’s trade.Among some of the findings, we can highlight thefollowing: ?In2001,total trade to gross domestic pr oduct(GDP)ratio in China is44% ?In2001,47%of Chinese trade is processed trade1 ?In2001,51%of Chinese trade is conduct ed by foreign firms in China2 ?In2001,36%of Chinese exports originate from Gu an gdon g province ?In2001,39%of China’s exports go through Hong Kong to be re-exported elsewhere 2.Evolution of China’s Trade Regime Equally remarkable are the changes in the commodity composition of China’s exports and imports.Table2a shows China’s annu al export volumes of primary goods and manufactured goods over time.In1980,primary goods accounted for 50.3%of China’s exports and manufactured goods accounted for49.7%.Although the share of primary good declines slightly during the first half of1980’s,it remains at50.6%in1985.Since then,exports of manufactured goods have grown at a much
最全批改网高分攻略
whereas意思是然而…，是四六级经典转换话题类词汇 take into account意为把?考虑进去，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ A case in point is[高分短语] 意为：一个恰当的例子，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ [高分短语] cope with 意为：对付?，妥善处理，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！[高分短语] once for all意为：一劳永逸地，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ 比如take into account（我不觉得它很牛的样子）、heart and soul，play an role in等等。 [高分句型] that is the reason why的意思是原因是，是四六级经典句型。 referring to not hesitate to Give priority to给===优先权 Recently,a heated debate arose online in China about the "Chinese style of crossing the road", a term referring to the tendency of large crowds of people to cross roads in disobedience of red lights. Puzzle out苦思，puzzle over Be short of 缺乏。。。。 attach great importance to 高度重视 [高分词汇] important的近义表达有 crucial/essential。 [高分短语] may as well意为：最好，不妨，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ [高分词组] what's more意思是另外，而且?，是四六级经典补充类词组。 [高分句型] There is no denying that意思是不可否认的，是四六级经典句型。 [高分句型] It is conceivable that意思是可想而知的...，是四六级经典句型。 [高分短语] on no account 意为：决不，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ [高分句型] On no account can意思是...绝对不能...，是四六级经典句型。 [高分句型] the reason why 意为：...的原因是...，属于四六级经典高分句型。 [高分词汇] whereas意思是然而?，是四六级经典转换话题类词汇。 [高分句型] It is universally acknowledged that意思是大家都认为，是四六级经典句型。[高分短语] and so forth的意思是等等，诸如此类，是四六级经典短语。 [高分短语] succeed in意为成功地做成了某事，属于四六级经典高分短语。 [高分短语] in the main 意为：基本上，大体上，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！[高分短语] for certain 意为：肯定地；确凿地，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！[高分短语] learn off意为：记熟，背下来，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ [高分短语] make joint efforts 意为：共同努力，拧成一股劲儿，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒 [高分短语] cope with 意为：对付?，妥善处理，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！[高分短语] in terms of意为根据，属于四六级经典高分短语，一般和具体事物搭配，不用来表达某人的看法。请确认！ [高分短语] as it is意为：事实上，既然如此，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！[高分短语] think out意为彻底地想一想，属于四六级经典高分短语，用得很棒！ [高分词汇] 建议将trustworthy改为dependable。
最新近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-
2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.
最新英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
1997年:English to Chinese Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达 到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment （完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、 渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻 的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.
英文翻译与英文原文.陈--
翻译文献：INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SLIDE UNIT IN MODULAR MACHINE TOOL （对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告） 文献作者：Peter Dransfield, 出处：Peter Dransfield, Hydraulic Control System-Design and Analysis of TheirDynamics, Springer-Verlag, 1981 翻译页数：p139—144 英文译文： 对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告 【摘要】这一张纸处理调查利用有束缚力的曲线图和状态空间分析法对组合机床滑台的滑动影响和运动平稳性问题进行分析与研究，从而建立了滑台的液压驱动系统一自调背压调速系统的动态数学模型。通过计算机数字仿真系统，分析了滑台产生滑动影响和运动不平稳的原因及主要影响因素。从那些中可以得出那样的结论，如果能合理地设计液压缸和自调背压调压阀的结构尺寸. 本文中所使用的符号如下： s1-流源，即调速阀出口流量； S el—滑台滑动摩擦力 R一滑台等效粘性摩擦系数： I1—滑台与油缸的质量 12—自调背压阀阀心质量 C1、c2—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的液容； C2—自调背压阀弹簧柔度； R1, R2自调背压阀阻尼孔液阻， R9—自调背压阀阀口液阻 S e2—自调背压阀弹簧的初始预紧力； I4, I5—管路的等效液感 C5、C6—管路的等效液容： R5, R7-管路的等效液阻； V3, V4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔内容积； P3, P4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的压力 F—滑台承受负载， V—滑台运动速度。本文采用功率键合图和状态空间分折法建立系统的运动数学模型，滑台的动态特性可以能得到显著改善。
污水处理外文翻译(带原文)
提高塔式复合人工湿地处理农村生活污水的 脱氮效率1 摘要： 努力保护水源，尤其是在乡镇地区的饮用水源，是中国污水处理当前面临的主要问题。氮元素在水体富营养化和对水生物的潜在毒害方面的重要作用，目前废水脱氮已成为首要关注的焦点。人工湿地作为一种小型的，处理费用较低的方法被用于处理乡镇生活污水。比起活性炭在脱氮方面显示出的广阔前景，人工湿地系统由于溶解氧的缺乏而在脱氮方面存在一定的制约。为了提高脱氮效率，一种新型三阶段塔式混合湿地结构----人工湿地（thcw）应运而生。它的第一部分和第三部分是水平流矩形湿地结构，第二部分分三层，呈圆形，呈紊流状态。塔式结构中水流由顶层进入第二层及底层，形成瀑布溢流，因此水中溶解氧浓度增加，从而提高了硝化反应效率，反硝化效率也由于有另外的有机物的加入而得到了改善，增加反硝化速率的另一个原因是直接通过旁路进入第二部分的废水中带入的足量有机物。常绿植物池柏（Taxodium ascendens），经济作物蔺草（Schoenoplectus trigueter），野茭白（Zizania aquatica），有装饰性的多花植物睡莲（Nymphaea tetragona），香蒲（Typha angustifolia）被种植在湿地中。该系统对总悬浮物、化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为89%、85%、83%、83% 和64%。高水力负荷和低水力负荷（16 cm/d 和32 cm/d）对于塔式复合人工湿地结构的性能没有显著的影响。通过硝化活性和硝化速率的测定，发现硝化和反硝化是湿地脱氮的主要机理。塔式复合人工湿地结构同样具有观赏的价值。 关键词： 人工湿地；硝化作用；反硝化作用；生活污水；脱氮；硝化细菌；反硝化细菌 １. 前言 对于提高水源水质的广泛需求，尤其是提高饮用水水源水质的需求是目前废水深度处理的技术发展指向。在中国的乡镇地区，生活污水是直接排入湖泊、河流、土壤、海洋等水源中。这些缺乏处理的污水排放对于很多水库、湖泊不能达到水质标准是有责任的。许多位于中国的乡镇地区的社区缺乏足够的生活污水处理设备。由于山区地形、人口分散、经济基础差等原因，废水的收集和处理是很成问题的。由于资源短缺，经济欠发达地区所采取的废水处理技术必须低价高效，并且要便于施用，能量输入及维护费用较低，而且要保证出水能达标。建造在城市中基于活性污泥床的废水集中处理厂，对于小乡镇缺乏经济适用性，主要是由于污水收集结构的建造费用高。 1Ecological Engineering，Fen xia ，Ying Li。
批改网英语翻译内容
第一次翻译内容 留守儿童来源：2016年六级预测话题：教育创建者：安徽农业大学李梅 留守儿童（left-behind children）很容易面临情感关怀的缺失。父母外出务工后，他们大多由祖父母或亲友临时监护。他们无法像其他孩子一样得到父母的养育，而祖父母又极可能缺乏养育的精力和能力。这种亲情和关怀的缺失，已严重影响了留守儿童的心理健康发展。更为严峻的挑战是，留守儿童群体还在不断扩大。据最新统计，目前全国农村留守儿童人数已达6102万，占全国儿童总数的21.88%，比五年前增加了近300万人。如何让这些占全国儿童总人数超过五分之一的孩子们更健康成长，不仅是对弱势群体应有的关爱，更是社会健康发展的必要条件。 The left-behind children easily suffer from the lack of emotional support. Since their parents are migrant workers, they are mostly left in the care of their grandparents, relatives or family friends. Unlike other children, they don't have their parents to care for them, and much too often , their grandparents don't have the energy or capability to look after them. The absence of such support and care seriously influences the healthy psychological development of these children. An even more pressing issue is the fact that the number of the left-behind children is still growing. According to the latest statics, the number has reached 61.02 million, which is three million more than five years ago, accounting for 21.88 percent of China’s children. Giving them a healthy upbringing isn’t just about providing this vulnerable group with the care they are entitled to and deserve—it is also a prerequisite to the healthy development of Chinese society. 第二次翻译 景德镇来源：2015年六级预测话题：文化创建者：句酷批改网 景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的“千年瓷都”。
外文翻译原文
204/JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING/AUGUST1999
JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING /AUGUST 1999/205 ends.The stress state in each cylindrical strip was determined from the total potential energy of a nonlinear arch model using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. It was emphasized that the membrane stresses in the com-pression region of the curved models were less than those predicted by linear theory and that there was an accompanying increase in ?ange resultant force.The maximum web bending stress was shown to occur at 0.20h from the compression ?ange for the simple support stiffness condition and 0.24h for the ?xed condition,where h is the height of the analytical panel.It was noted that 0.20h would be the optimum position for longitudinal stiffeners in curved girders,which is the same as for straight girders based on stability requirements.From the ?xed condition cases it was determined that there was no signi?cant change in the membrane stresses (from free to ?xed)but that there was a signi?cant effect on the web bend-ing stresses.Numerical results were generated for the reduc-tion in effective moment required to produce initial yield in the ?anges based on curvature and web slenderness for a panel aspect ratio of 1.0and a web-to-?ange area ratio of 2.0.From the results,a maximum reduction of about 13%was noted for a /R =0.167and about 8%for a /R =0.10(h /t w =150),both of which would correspond to extreme curvature,where a is the length of the analytical panel (modeling the distance be-tween transverse stiffeners)and R is the radius of curvature.To apply the parametric results to developing design criteria for practical curved girders,the de?ections and web bending stresses that would occur for girders with a curvature corre-sponding to the initial imperfection out-of-?atness limit of D /120was used.It was noted that,for a panel with an aspect ratio of 1.0,this would correspond to a curvature of a /R =0.067.The values of moment reduction using this approach were compared with those presented by Basler (Basler and Thurlimann 1961;Vincent 1969).Numerical results based on this limit were generated,and the following web-slenderness requirement was derived: 2 D 36,500a a =1?8.6?34 (1) ? ??? t R R F w ?y where D =unsupported distance between ?anges;and F y =yield stress in psi. An extension of this work was published a year later,when Culver et al.(1973)checked the accuracy of the isolated elas-tically supported cylindrical strips by treating the panel as a unit two-way shell rather than as individual strips.The ?ange/web boundaries were modeled as ?xed,and the boundaries at the transverse stiffeners were modeled as ?xed and simple.Longitudinal stiffeners were modeled with moments of inertias as multiples of the AASHO (Standard 1969)values for straight https://www.360docs.net/doc/908247384.html,ing analytical results obtained for the slenderness required to limit the plate bending stresses in the curved panel to those of a ?at panel with the maximum allowed out-of-?atness (a /R =0.067)and with D /t w =330,the following equa-tion was developed for curved plate girder web slenderness with one longitudinal stiffener: D 46,000a a =1?2.9 ?2.2 (2) ? ? ? t R f R w ?b where the calculated bending stress,f b ,is in psi.It was further concluded that if longitudinal stiffeners are located in both the tension and compression regions,the reduction in D /t w will not be required.For the case of two stiffeners,web bending in both regions is reduced and the web slenderness could be de-signed as a straight girder panel.Eq.(1)is currently used in the ‘‘Load Factor Design’’portion of the Guide Speci?cations ,and (2)is used in the ‘‘Allowable Stress Design’’portion for girders stiffened with one longitudinal stiffener.This work was continued by Mariani et al.(1973),where the optimum trans-verse stiffener rigidity was determined analytically. During almost the same time,Abdel-Sayed (1973)studied the prebuckling and elastic buckling behavior of curved web panels and proposed approximate conservative equations for estimating the critical load under pure normal loading (stress),pure shear,and combined normal and shear loading.The linear theory of shells was used.The panel was simply supported along all four edges with no torsional rigidity of the ?anges provided.The transverse stiffeners were therefore assumed to be rigid in their directions (no strains could be developed along the edges of the panels).The Galerkin method was used to solve the governing differential equations,and minimum eigenvalues of the critical load were calculated and presented for a wide range of loading conditions (bedding,shear,and combined),aspect ratios,and curvatures.For all cases,it was demonstrated that the critical load is higher for curved panels over the comparable ?at panel and increases with an increase in curvature. In 1980,Daniels et al.summarized the Lehigh University ?ve-year experimental research program on the fatigue behav-ior of horizontally curved bridges and concluded that the slen-derness limits suggested by Culver were too severe.Equations for ‘‘Load Factor Design’’and for ‘‘Allowable Stress Design’’were developed (respectively)as D 36,500a =1?4?192(3)? ?t R F w ?y D 23,000a =1?4 ?170 (4) ? ? t R f w ?b The latter equation is currently used in the ‘‘Allowable Stress Design’’portion of the Guide Speci?cations for girders not stiffened longitudinally. Numerous analytical and experimental works on the subject have also been published by Japanese researchers since the end of the CURT project.Mikami and colleagues presented work in Japanese journals (Mikami et al.1980;Mikami and Furunishi 1981)and later in the ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Mikami and Furunishi 1984)on the nonlinear be-havior of cylindrical web panels under bending and combined bending and shear.They analyzed the cylindrical panels based on Washizu’s (1975)nonlinear theory of shells.The governing nonlinear differential equations were solved numerically by the ?nite-difference method.Simple support boundary condi-tions were assumed along the curved boundaries (top and bot-tom at the ?ange locations)and both simple and ?xed support conditions were used at the straight (vertical)boundaries.The large displacement behavior was demonstrated by Mi-kami and Furunishi for a range of geometric properties.Nu-merical values of the load,de?ection,membrane stress,bend-ing stress,and torsional stress were obtained,but no equations for design use were presented.Signi?cant conclusions include that:(1)the compressive membrane stress in the circumfer-ential direction decreases with an increase in curvature;(2)the panel under combined bending and shear exhibits a lower level of the circumferential membrane stress as compared with the panel under pure bending,and as a result,the bending moment carried by the web panel is reduced;and (3)the plate bending stress under combined bending and shear is larger than that under pure bending.No formulations or recommendations for direct design use were made. Kuranishi and Hiwatashi (1981,1983)used the ?nite-ele-ment method to demonstrate the elastic ?nite displacement be-havior of curved I-girder webs under bending using models with and without ?ange rigidities.Rotation was not allowed (?xed condition)about the vertical axis at the ends of the panel (transverse stiffener locations).Again,the nonlinear distribu-