英文翻译--直流供电系统
DC GENERATION SYSTEM-INTRODUCTION
Purpose
The DC generation system makes a nominal 28v dc for airplane systems.
General
The DC generation system has these components:
- Battery
- Battery charger
- Transformer rectifier units (3).
DC GENERATION SYSTEM - GENERAL DESCRIPTION
General Description
The DC generation system supplies a nominal 28v dc to different loads. The power source for the DC system is usually the AC system. The battery supplies power if the AC system is not available.
Transformer Rectifier Units
To create DC power from the normal AC source, the DC system uses transformer-rectifier units (TRUs). The three TRUs take 115v ac, decrease the voltage (transforms), and rectify it to a nominal 28v dc.
Battery Chargers
The main battery charger and auxiliary battery charger give a DC voltage output to charge their respective battery. Each charger operates like a TRU after the battery gets to full charge. The main battery charger sends a constant DC voltage to the battery and the hot and switched hot battery buses. The auxiliary battery and auxiliary battery charger power DC buses only during non-normal conditions. See the standby power system section for more information. (AMM PART I 24-34)
Batteries
Each battery is a 48 ampere-hour, nominal 24v dc power source. The main battery supplies power for APU starting and is a standby power source if all other power supplies do not operate. The auxiliary battery helps the main battery supply standby power only.
Control and Protection
The standby power control unit (SPCU), the battery switch, and the standby power switch give primary control of the DC system.
The battery switch and the standby power switch give manual control of power to some DC buses. The SPCU gives automatic control and protection of DC buses. It uses inputs from the flight compartment and system monitoring to control DC power sources and distribution.
Power Distribution
The DC power distribution system is in the power
distribution panels (PDPs) and in the SPCU.
DC GENERATION SYSTEM - MAIN BATTERY CHARGER
AND AUXILIARY BATTERY CHARGER
Purpose
The main battery charger has these two functions:
- Keeps main battery at maximum charge
- Supplies DC power to the battery buses.
The auxiliary battery charger keeps the auxiliary battery at maximum charge.
General Description
Both battery chargers have the same part number. Each battery charger has these two basic modes of operation:
- Battery charge mode (constant current)
- Transformer rectifier mode (constant voltage).
Each battery charger supplies constant current, variable voltage power in the battery charge mode. The battery charger overcharges the battery. The battery charger logic calculates the amount of overcharge. The total charge time is less than 75 minutes.
In the transformer rectifier (TR) mode, the main battery charger supplies constant voltage DC power to the hot battery bus and the switched hot battery bus.
The main battery also receives a small trickle charge to help keep it at maximum charge. The auxiliary battery charger does not supply power to the DC buses in either mode. However, the auxiliary battery receives a small trickle charge when the auxiliary battery charger is in the TR mode.
The front face of each battery charger has two green status lights (LED). One light is for the battery charger and the other is for the battery. These lights are on when the battery and battery charger are in operation.
Location
The main battery charger is on the E2 rack. The auxiliary battery charger is on the E3 rack.
Functional Description
Each battery charger takes three-phase, 115v ac power and changes it to DC power. Usually, each battery charger is in the transformer rectifier mode. The battery chargers supply a constant voltage output in this mode. Each charger can supply up to 65 amps in this mode.
A battery charger goes to the charge mode when its battery voltage is less than 23v dc. In this mode, the charger supplies constant current power. The output voltage is variable. During the charge, the battery voltage rises until the voltage gets to the inflection point. The charger logic uses the battery temperature at the start of charging to calculate the inflection point. The charger logic then calculates the length of the overcharge period.
After the overcharge period, the charger goes into a transformer rectifier mode with a constant 27.5v dc output. The battery gets a trickle charge in this mode.
The battery charger goes into the charge mode again if any of these occur:
- Battery charger input power is off for more than 1 second.
- Battery voltage is less than 23 volts.
You use the electrical meters, battery, and galley power module to monitor the operation of each
battery charger. The main battery charger is in the charge mode when you see a positive DC AMPS indication while the DC meter selector in the BA T position. Use the AUX BAT position to monitor the auxiliary battery charger.
The main battery charger cannot go into the charge mode during any of these conditions:
- Fueling station door open
- APU start
- Standby power switch (P5-5) in the BAT position
- Standby power switch (P5-5) in the AUTO position, battery switch ON, and DC BUS 1 and AC TRANSFER BUS1 do not have power
- Main battery overheat.
The auxiliary battery charger cannot go into the charge mode during any of these conditions:
- Standby power switch (P5-5) in the BAT position
- Standby power switch (P5-5) in the AUTO position, battery switch ON and DC BUS 1 and AC TRANSFER BUS 1 do not have power.
- Auxiliary battery overheat.
Status Lights
Both status lights are usually on when the battery charger has input power. A malfunction with any of these components makes one or both status lights go off:
- Battery charger
- Battery
- Connection wiring.
Both status lights are off if any of these conditions are true:
- Input power to the battery charger goes away
- Input voltage to the battery charger is less than 94v ac for more than 0.5 seconds.
The battery charger status light is on and the battery status light is off if any of these conditions are true:
- Battery charger senses a loss of connection to the battery
- Battery overheat
- Battery temperature sensor open or shorted
- Battery not charged in time limits
- Battery voltage less than lower limits.
The battery charger status light is off and the battery status light is on when there is an internal battery charger failure. The battery charger fail maintenance message also shows on P5-13 BITE.
DC GENERATION SYSTEM-BATTERY CHARGER-FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION
Functional Description
The battery charger takes 3-phase, 115v ac power and changes it to dc power. Usually, the battery charger is in the transformer rectifier mode. The battery charger supplies a constant voltage output in this mode. The charger can supply up to 65 amps in this mode.
The battery charger goes to the charge mode when the battery voltage goes below 23v dc. In this mode, the charger supplies constant current power. The output voltage is variable, the current
output is 50 amps. During the charge, the battery voltage increases until the voltage gets to the inflection point. The charger logic uses the battery temperature at the start of charge to calculate the inflection point. The charger logic then calculates the length of the overcharge period.
After the overcharge period, the charger goes into a transformer rectifier mode with a constant 27.5v dc output. The battery gets a trickle charge in this mode.
The battery charger goes into the charge mode again if any of these occur:
- Battery charger input power is off for more than 1 second
- Battery voltage goes below 23 volts.
You use the electrical meters, battery and galley power module to monitor the operation of the battery charger.
The battery charger is in the charge mode when you see a positive DC AMPS indication when the DC meter selector in the BAT position.
The battery charger cannot go into the charge mode during any of these conditions:
- Fueling station door open
- APU start
- Standby power switch (P5-5) to the BAT position
- Standby power switch (P5-5) to the AUTO position, battery switch ON, and DC BUS 1 and AC TRANSFER BUS 1 do not have power
- Battery overheat.
DC GENERATION SYSTEM - MAIN BATTERY AND AUXILIARY BATTERY Purpose
The main battery has these functions:
- Supply power to critical airplane systems (AC and DC standby buses) if the normal power sources are not available
- Backup power supply for the AC system control and protection
- Power supply for APU start.
The auxiliary battery helps the main battery supply power to the critical airplane systems (AC and DC standby buses).
Location
The batteries are in the EE compartment, under the E3 rack. The auxiliary battery is forward of the main battery. You remove an access panel in the forward cargo compartment to get access to the batteries. You must remove the main battery before you can remove the auxiliary battery.
General Description
Each battery is a 20 cell nickel-cadmium battery with a 48 amp-hour capacity. With full charge, the batteries supply a minimum of 60 minutes of standby AC and DC power.
Each battery has an internal thermal sensor. The battery's charger uses this sensor to measure internal battery temperature. See the MAIN BA TTERY CHARGER AND AUXILIARY BA TTERY CHARGER page in this section for more information.
You can see the output of each battery on the electrical meters, battery and galley power module on the P5 forward overhead panel. You see the voltage and current output of a battery with the DC meter selector in the BAT position or AUX BAT position. If the battery's charger has power, you see the output voltage of the battery or its battery charger, whichever is more.
The amber BAT DISCHARGElight comes on when any one of these output conditions are true for either battery:
- Current draw is more than 5 amps for 95 seconds
- Current draw is more than 15 amps for 25 seconds
- Current draw is more than 100 amps for 1.2 seconds.
Master caution and the ELEC annunciator usually come on with the BA T DISCHARGE light. The light goes out when the output current goes below the limit for more than 1 second. Master caution and the ELEC annunciator do not come on during a DC power APU start.
Training Information Point
You remove a battery from the airplane before you do a battery inspection or servicing.
DC GENERATION SYSTEM - DUAL BATTERY REMOTE
CONTROL CIRCUIT BREAKER
Purpose
The dual battery remote control circuit breaker (RCCB) puts the output of these in parallel:
- Auxiliary battery
- Auxiliary battery charger
- Main battery
- Main battery charger.
Location
The RCCB is inside the J9 junction box. J9 is in the EE compartment, in front of the E2 rack.
General Description
The RCCB is normally open and closes when the SPCU signals it to close. This lets the 28v dc battery bus bar receive power from the main and auxiliary batteries at the same time.
DC GENERATION SYSTEM - TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER UNIT (TRU) Purpose
The transformer rectifier units (TRU) change three-phase nominal 115v ac, 400 hz input power into 28v dc to supply the main DC system loads.
General Description
The DC generation system has three TRUs. Each TRU can supply a continuous output load of 75 amps, with forced air cooling. The TRUs can supply 50 amps, with convection cooling.
There are no external controls to the TRUs. The TRUs are the same part number.
The TRUs are in the EE compartment. TRU 1 is on the E2 rack. TRU 2 and TRU 3 are on the E4 rack.
Indication
You may monitor output power for each TRU from the P5-13. You can use the DC meter selector to select the TRU. TRU output voltage and amperes show in the alphanumeric display.
The amber TR UNIT light comes to show a TRU failure.
The light comes on for any of these conditions:
- Any TRU fails on the ground
- TRU 1 fails in flight
- TRU 2 and TRU 3 fail in flight.
DC GENERATION SYSTEM-BATTERY BUSES-FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION
Hot Battery Bus Power
The hot battery bus receives DC power from the battery through a 28VDC bat bus bar in the J9 battery shield.There is a circuit breaker on the SPCU that permits power to the bus.
The 28v dc battery bus bar receives DC power from the main battery or the main battery charger under normal power conditions. On standby power the 28v dc battery bus bar receives power from the main battery and the auxiliary battery.
Switched Hot Battery Bus Power
The switched hot battery bus receives DC power from the 28v dc battery bus bar through a circuit breaker on the SPCU and relay K8 in the SPCU.
To get power to the switched hot battery bus, the battery switch must be ON. When the battery switch is ON, K8 SW HOT BAT BUS RL Y closes and gives dc power to the bus.
With the forward airstair option, the K8 relay closes when the airstair handle is put in the standby position.
The K8 relay gives DC power from the 28v dc battery bus bar to the SPCU power supply.
Battery Bus Power
The battery bus receives power from the 28v dc battery bus bar or TRU 3.
The BA T BUS NORM RL Y (K2) is closed and gives DC power from TRU3 to the battery bus when all of these conditions are true:
- BATTERY SW ON
- STANDBY POWER SW not in BAT position
- TRU 3 gets more than 18v dc for more than 0.15 seconds.
- When the K2 relay is closed, the BAT BUS ALT RL Y(K1) must be opened.
The K1 BAT BUS ALT RL Y is closed and gives power to the BATTERY BUS during these conditions:
- Battery switch is ON and TRU 3 does not have power (less than 18v dc) for more than 0.1 seconds or
- STANDBY POWER SWITCH is in the BAT position.
直流电系统－介绍
目的
直流电系统产生28 伏直流供飞机系统。
概况
直流电系统有下列部件：
－电瓶
－电瓶充电器
－变压整流器组件（3 ）
直流电系统－概况介绍
概况介绍
直流电系统给不同的负载提供正常28 伏直流电。直流系统的电源通常是交流系统。如果交流系统不适用，电瓶提供电源。
变压整流器组件
为从正常的交流电源产生直流电，直流系统使用变压整流器组件（TRU）。三个TRU将115 伏交流，降压（变压），并整流到正常28直流。
电瓶充电器
主电瓶充电器和辅助电瓶充电器产生直流电输出，并给相应电瓶充电。在电瓶得到完全充电后，每个充电器可当TRU使用。主电瓶充电器给电瓶和热电瓶及转换热电瓶汇流条提供正常直流电压。只有在非正常情况下，辅助电瓶和辅助电瓶充电器给直流汇流条供电。参见备用电源系统（AMM 第I部分24－34）。
电瓶
每个电瓶是一个48 安培小时，正常24伏的直流电源。如果所有其他电源不工作，主电瓶给APU起动供电并作为备用电源。辅助电瓶只作为主电瓶备用电源。
控制和保护
备用电源控制组件（SPCU）、电瓶电门，以及备用电源电门给直流系统提供主控制。
电瓶电门和备用电源电门对某些直流汇流条的电源进行人工控制。
SPCU 自动控制并保护直流汇流条。使用驾驶舱和系统监控的输入控制直流
电源和分配。
电源分配
直流电源分配系统在配电板（PDP ）和SPCU 上。
直流电系统－主电瓶充电器和辅助电瓶充电器
目的
主电瓶充电器有下列两个功能：
－保持主电瓶在最大充电量
－给电瓶汇流条提供直流电源
辅助电瓶充电器保持辅助电瓶在最大充电量。
概况介绍
两个电瓶充电器有相同的部件号。每个电瓶充电器有下列两种基本使用模式：
－电瓶充电模式（恒定电流）
－变压整流器模式（恒定电压）
在电瓶充电模式中，每个电瓶充电器提供恒定电流，可变电压电源。电瓶充电器给电瓶完全充电。电瓶充电器逻辑计算超充量，总的充电时间少于75 分钟。
在变压整流（TR）模式下，主电瓶充电器给热电瓶汇流条和转换热电瓶汇流条提供恒压的直流电源。主电瓶也接受一些充电以保持主电瓶在最大充电量。在哪种模式下，辅助电瓶充电器也不能给直流汇流条供电。但是，当辅助电瓶充电器在 TR模式下时，辅助电瓶接受较小的充电。
每个电瓶充电器的前面板上有两个绿色状态灯（LED），一个是电瓶充电器的，另一个是电瓶的。当电瓶和电瓶充电器在工作时，这些灯亮。
位置
主电瓶充电器在E2架上，辅助电瓶充电器在E3架上。
功能介绍
每个电瓶充电器将三相、115 伏交流电源变成直流电源。通常，每个电瓶充电器在变压整流模式，此时，电瓶充电器提供恒定电压输出。这种模式下，每个充电器可提供最大65安培。
当电瓶电压小于23 伏直流时，电瓶充电器进入充电模式。此时，充电器提供恒定电流，输出电压是可变的。在充电期间，电瓶电压升高，直到电压达到拐点为止。在充电开始时，充电器逻辑使用电瓶温度计算拐点。然后充电器逻辑计算超量充电周期的长度。
在超量充电期间，充电器变成变压整流器模式，恒定输出27.5伏直流电压。在这种模式下电瓶进入小量充电。
如果下列任何情况发生，电瓶充电器再次进入充电模式：
－电瓶充电器输入电源断开超过1 秒
－电瓶电压小于23 伏
可以用电源仪表、电瓶和厨房电源组件监控每个电瓶充电器的使用。在直流表选择器在 BAT（电瓶）位置，发现正的直流安培时，主电瓶充电器处于充电模式。用AUX BAT（辅助电瓶）位置监控辅助电瓶充电器。
在下列任何情况下，主电瓶充电器不能进入充电模式：
－加油站门打开
－APU 起动
－备用电源电门（P5－5）在BAT位置
－备用电源电门（P5－5）在AUTO 位置，电瓶电门ON，和直流汇流条1 和
交流转换汇流条1 没有电。
－主电瓶过热
在下列任何情况下，主电瓶充电器不能进入充电模式：
－备用电源电门（P5－5）在BAT位置
－备用电源电门（P5－5）在AUTO 位置，电瓶电门在ON位和直流汇流条
1 和交流汇流条1 没有电
－辅助电瓶过热
状态灯
当电瓶充电器有输入电源时，两个状态灯通常是亮的。任何下列部件有故障，一个或两个状态灯将熄灭：
－电瓶充电器
－电瓶
－连接导线
如果下列任何情况出现，两个状态灯都熄灭：
－给电瓶充电器的输入电源消失
－电瓶充电器的输入电压小于94伏交流大于0.5秒。
如果下列任何情况出现，电瓶充电器状态灯亮，而电瓶状态灯熄灭：－电瓶充电器感应到与电瓶失去联系
－电瓶过热
－电瓶温度传感器断开或短路
－在时间限制内电瓶没充足电
－电瓶电压低于低限
当电瓶充电器内有故障时，电瓶充电器状态灯熄灭，电瓶状态灯亮。并在P5－13 BITE 上显示电瓶充电器故障维护信息。
直流电系统－电瓶充电器－功能介绍
功能介绍
电瓶充电器将三相，115 伏交流电源变成直流电源。通常，电瓶充电器处于
变压整流器模式，此时电瓶充电器提供恒定电压输出。这时充电器可提供最大65安培。
当电瓶电压低于23 伏直流时，电瓶充电器进入充电模式，这种模式下，充电器提供恒定电流电源，输出电压是变化的，电流输出是50 安培。在充电期间，电瓶电压增加，直到达到拐点电压值。在充电开始时，充电器逻辑使用电瓶温度来计算拐点。然后充电器逻辑计算超充时间长度。
在超充期之后，充电器进入变压整流器模式，恒定电压27.5 伏直流。在这一模式下，电瓶可进行小量充电。
如果下列任何情况发生，电瓶充电器将再次进入亮电模式：
－电瓶充电器输入电源断开超过1 秒钟
－电瓶电压低于23 伏
用电源仪表、电瓶和厨房电源组件监控电瓶的使用。
当直流仪表选择器在BAT位置，而看到正的直流安培指示时，电瓶充电器处于充电模式。
在下列任何情况下，电瓶充电器不能进入充电模式：
－加油站门打开
－APU起动
－备用电源电门（P5－5）在BAT位置
－备用电源电门（P5－5）在AUTO 位置，电瓶电门在ON位和直流汇流条
1 和交流转换汇流条1 没有电。
－电瓶过热
直流电系统－主电瓶和辅助电瓶
目的
主电瓶有下列功能：
－如果正常电源不适用，给关键的飞机系统供电（交流和直流备用汇流条）－为交流系统控制和保护提供备用电源
－为APU起动供电
辅助电瓶帮助电瓶给关键飞机系统（交流和直流备用汇流条）供电。
位置
电瓶位于EE舱，E3架下面。辅助电瓶位于主电瓶前面。拆下前货舱的接近面板，可接近电瓶。在拆卸辅助电瓶之前，必须拆下主电瓶。
概况介绍
每个电瓶是由20 个镍镉电池组成，有48 安培小时的容量。在完全充电情况下，电瓶最小可提供备用为交流和直流电源60 分钟。
每个电瓶都有一个内部热传感器，电瓶充电器使用这一传感器电瓶内的温度。详情参见本节的主电瓶充电器和辅助电瓶充电器。
指示
在P5前头顶面板上的电源仪表、电瓶和厨房电源组件上可以监控每个电瓶的输出。在直流表选择器在BAT位置或在AUX BAT位置时，可以监视电压和电流。如果电瓶充电器有电，可以监视电瓶或电瓶充电器的输出电压，这取决于哪个值更多。
当每个电瓶存在下列任一输出状态时，琥珀色的电瓶放电灯亮：－电流输出大于5 安培超过95 秒
－电流输出大于15 安培25秒
－电流输出大于100 安培超过1.2 秒
主告诫和ELEC 信号牌通常与电瓶放电灯一起亮。当输出电流低于限制值1 秒后，灯熄灭。在直流电源进行APU起动时，主告诫和ELEC 信号牌不亮。
培训要点
在进行电瓶检查或勤务之前，要从飞机上拆下电瓶。
直流电系统－双电瓶遥控电路断路器
目的
双电瓶遥控电路断路器（RCCB ）将下列输出并联：
－辅助电瓶
－辅助电瓶充电器
－主电瓶
－主电瓶充电器
位置
RCCB 位于J9接线盒内，J9位于EE舱，在E2架的前面。
概况介绍
正常时RCCB 是断开的，当SPCU 提供闭合信号时闭合。这使得28伏直流电瓶汇流条同时从主和辅助电瓶接受供电。
直流电系统－变压整流器组件（TRU）
目的
变压整流器组件（TRU）将输入的三相 115 伏交流，400 赫兹电源变成28伏直流电，供给主直流系统负载。
概况介绍
直流电系统有三个TRU，在强劲空气冷却情况下，每个TRU可以提供连续输出负载75安培。在对流冷却时，TRU可以提供50安培负载。
TRU没有外部控制，且有相同的部件号。
位置
TRU在EE舱内，TRU 1在E2架上，TRU 2和TRU 3在E4架上。
指示
可以从P5－13面板上监控每个TRU的输出电源，可用直流表选择器选择TRU，TRU的输出电压和电流显示在字母数字显示器上。
琥珀色的TR组件灯亮表示TRU故障。下列任何情况下，灯亮：－在地面上某一TRU故障
－飞行中TRU 1 故障
－飞行中TRU 2 和TRU 3 故障
直流电系统－电瓶汇流条－功能介绍
热电瓶汇流条电源
通过59 电瓶屏蔽箱内的28伏直流电瓶汇流条杆，热电瓶汇流条从电瓶得到直流电源。SPCU 上有一个电路断路器可使电源到汇流条。
在电源正常的情况下，28 伏直流电瓶汇流条杆从主电瓶或主电瓶充电器得到直流电。而备用电源的28伏直流电瓶汇流条杆从主电瓶和辅助电瓶得到电源。
转换热电瓶汇流条电源
通过SPCU 上的断路器和SPCU 的K8继电器，转换热电瓶汇流条从28伏直流电瓶汇流条杆得到直流电源。
为使转换热电瓶汇流条得到电源，电瓶电门必须在ON 位。此时，K8转换热电瓶汇流条继电器闭合，给汇流条提供直流电。
在选装前登机梯时，当前登机梯手柄在备用位置时，K8继电器闭合。
K8继电器将直流电源从28 伏直流电瓶汇流条杆供给SPCU 。
电瓶汇流条电源
电瓶汇流条从28伏直流电瓶汇流条杆或TRU 3 得到电源。
在所有下列情况出现时，电瓶汇流条正常继电器（K2）闭合，并从TRU 3 给电瓶汇流条提供直流电：
－电瓶电门在ON位
－备用电源电门不在BAT位置
－TRU 3 电压超过18伏直流大于0.15 秒
－当K2继电器闭合时，电瓶汇流条备用继电器（K1）必须断开
在下列情况下，K1电瓶汇流条备用继电器闭合并给电瓶汇流条供电：
－电瓶电门在ON位，TRU 3没有电（低于18 伏直流）超过0.1秒或，
－备用电源电门在BAT位置
常见职务、职位英文翻译
常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant 会计助理 Accounting Clerk 记帐员 Accounting Manager 会计部经理 Accounting Stall 会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor 会计主管 Administration Manager 行政经理 Administration Staff 行政人员 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 Administrative Clerk 行政办事员 Advertising Staff 广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff 航空公司职员 Application Engineer 应用工程师 Assistant Manager 副经理 Bond Analyst 证券分析员 Bond Trader 证券交易员 Business Controller 业务主任 Business Manager 业务经理 Buyer 采购员 Cashier 出纳员 Chemical Engineer 化学工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员 Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员 Computer Engineer 计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员 Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理 Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副总经理 Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Engineering Technician 工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师
资料：《安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)》
Unit 1 safety management system Accident causation models 事故致因理论 Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理 Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误 Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂 Causal factors 起因 Risking taking 冒险行为 Corporate culture 企业文化 Loss prevention 损失预防 Process industry 制造工业 Hazard control 危险控制 Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系 Status review 状态审查 Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则 Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划 Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能 One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions –invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” 译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。 The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment t o, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management. 译文：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。
常见职务职位英文翻译
常见职务职位英文翻译 希望对你有帮助哦!总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial PoolAccounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师
分享英文合同模板翻译：详解关键词
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特不是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大伙儿共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.Hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 依照,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件
常见职位职务英文翻译
常见职位职务英文翻译 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员 Bond Trader证券交易员 Business Controller业务主任 Business Manager业务经理 Buyer采购员 Cashier出纳员 Chemical Engineer化学工程师 Civil Engineer土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员 Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理 Copywriter广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager副总经理 Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer电气工程师 Engineering Technician工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher英语教师 Export Sales Manager外销部经理 Export Sales Staff外销部职员 Financial Controller财务主任 Financial Reporter财务报告人 F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员 F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员 Fund Manager财务经理 General Auditor审计长 General Manager/President总经理
资料《安全工程专业英语部分翻译》
Ｕnｉt 1safeｔy manaｇement ｓyｓtem Ａcciｄent ｃａｕｓatｉon ｍoｄels ?事故致因理论 Ｓafety managemeｎt 安全管理 Phｙsｉｃａｌｃonditions ?物质条件 Mａcｈinｅguａrdinｇ?机械保护装置 Ｈouse—keepiｎｇ工作场所管理 Ｔｏｐmanagement 高层管理人员Ｈuman ｅｒrorｓ人因失误 Aｃcidenｔ-pｒonenｅss ｍｏdels 事故倾向模型 Muniｔｉoｎs faｃtｏrｙ?军工厂Causal fａctors?起因 Rｉskinｇtakiｎg?冒险行为 Coｒpｏraｔｅｃｕlture 企业文化 Ｌosｓprevention 损失预防 Prｏcess indusｔry?制造工业 Haｚard coｎtrol 危险控制 Intensｉve ｓtudｙ广泛研究 Orgａniｚationaｌperｆｏrmａnce 企业绩效 Mｕtual trust 相互信任Sａfｅｔｙoffiｃer?安全官员 Ｓafeｔy commｉttee 安全委员会 Ｓhop-fｌｏｏr?生产区Unioniｚed company 集团公司 Seｎioｒitｙ?资历、工龄Local ｃuｌturｅ当地文化Absenｔeｅiｓm rａｔｅ?缺勤率Power reｌａtioｎｓ?权力关系 Stａtus review 状态审查Lower—ｌevel managemenｔ低层管理者 Business pｅrformance?组织绩效 Ｍｏst seniｏｒexｅcｕtiｖe 高级主管Superｖisory levｅl监督层 Ｓａfety pｒincipｌe?安全规则 Waｌl—boarｄ?公告栏 Imｐlement plan?执行计划 Ｈazarｄidenｔificａtion 危险辨识 Ｓａfeｔy pｅrfｏｒmance 安全性能 One comｐrｅｈensｉve definition fｏr an orgaｎｉzatｉonａl cｕｌture ｈas been presentｅdｂｙＳｃhein wｈo has said thｅorganｉｚatiｏnal culturｅiｓ“a patteｒn ｏf baｓic asｓumptionｓ–inveｎｔed, dｉｓcovere ｄ，or deveｌoｐｅｄby ａgiven gｒｏup as iｔlearns to cope with iｔs pｒｏbｌｅms of exｔｅrnal adaｐｔａｔiｏn and inｔernal integratioｎ– that h ａs ｗorked weｌl enouｇｈto be consiｄereｄｖａliｄand,tｈｅrｅｆore, to beｔａught to new memｂeｒｓas the corrｅｃt way to peｒcｅive, thin ｋ,and feel in rｅlatiｏn to ｔhosｅｐrobｌemｓ” 译文:Scheｉｎ给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的.由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。 The ｓafety cｕltｕｒe oｆan organization isｔhe proｄuct ｏf inｄividuａl aｎd ｇroｕp valueｓ,attitudes, ｐerceｐｔioｎs, ｃompｅtencｉｅs, aｎd pa ｔternsｏfｂｅhａviｏr that determine tｈe commitmｅｎt to, aｎd tｈe style and proficieｎcy oｆ,an organｉｚatioｎ’ｓｈｅａlｔｈanｄｓafeｔy manａgement.
国新办 61个重大国家战略常用关键词英文译法
重大国家战略常用关键词英文译法 一、京津冀协同发展 1.京津冀协同发展（缩写：BTH Coordinated Development）Coordinated Development of the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei Region 2.京津冀协同发展领导小组Leading Group for Coordinated Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Development 3.北京城市副中心（缩写：Beijing MC）Beijing Municipal Administrative Center 4.北京非首都功能疏解to relieve Beijing of functions non-essential to its role as China's capital 5.雄安新区Xiong'an New Area 6.北京非首都功能集中承载地major recipient of functions relieved from Beijing that are non-essential to its role as China's capital 7.创新发展示范区demonstration zone of innovation-driven development 8.绿色生态宜居新城区new, green, eco-friendly and livable urban area 9.创新驱动发展引领区pioneer zone of innovation-driven development 10.协调发展示范区demonstration zone of coordinated development 11.开放发展先行区pilot zone of opening up and development 12.世界眼光、国际标准、中国特色、高点定位global vision, international standards, distinctive Chinese features, and future-oriented goals 13.千年大计、国家大事national project of millennial significance 二、长江经济带发展 1.长江经济带（缩写：YEB）Yangtze River Economic Belt 2.共抓大保护，不搞大开发to step up conservation of the Yangtze River and stop its over development 3.水环境改善water environment improvement 4.水生态修复water environment restoration 5.水资源利用water resources utilization 6.综合交通运输体系integrated transport system 7.沿江高铁（缩写：Yangtze HSR）high-speed railways along the Yangtze River 8.黄金水道golden waterway 三、粤港澳大湾区建设 1.粤港澳大湾区（缩写：the Greater Bay Area(GBA)）Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area 2.粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area 3.港珠澳大桥（缩写：HZM Bridge）Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 4.国际科技创新中心international center for technology and innovation 5.共建粤港澳合作发展平台to jointly develop platforms for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao cooperation 6.“一国两制”，依法办事to uphold the principle of "one country, two systems," act in accordance with the law 7.深港科技创新合作区Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation zone for technology and innovation 8.深圳前海深港现代服务业合作区Shenzhen-Hong Kong modern service industry cooperation zone in Qianhai, Shenzhen 9.广州南沙粤港澳全面合作示范区demonstration zone of all-round cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in Nansha, Guangzhou 10.珠海横琴粤港澳深度合作示范区demonstration zone of in-depth cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in Hengqin, Zhuhai 1
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译
安全工程专业英语 Unit1 1. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it. 由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。 2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field. 这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。 3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ. 尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。 4. This legislation was important because it stressed the control of workplace hazards. This, in turn, defined a clear area of practice for the previously loosely organized safety profession. Other legislation passed during the next twenty years has increased the scope of safety practice into areas of environmental protection, product safety, hazardous materials management and designing safety into vehicles, highways, process plants and buildings. 这部法律很重要，因为它强调工作场所的危险控制，同时这部法律也为以前不成体系的安全业务划定了工作范围。此后20年中通过的一
“十七届五中全会”关键词英文翻译
“十七届五中全会”关键词英文翻译 the Fifth Plenum of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 十七届五中全会 Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 中央政治局 Boost domestic demand 扩大内需 12th Five-Year Program for China's Economic and Social Development (2011-2015)/12th Five-Year Plan 经济和社会发展第12个五年规划 economic growth mode 经济增长方式 inclusive growth 包容性增长 macroeconomic regulation 宏观经济调控 comprehensive national power 综合国力 international competitiveness 国际竞争力 capability in shielding against risks 抵御风险能力 Urbanization 推进城镇化 rural modernization 农业现代化 the construction of new socialist rural area 社会主义新农村建设 maintain coordinated development in rural and urban regions 统筹城乡发展 modern industrial system 现代产业体系 strategic emerging industries 战略新兴产业 balanced development between regions 区域协调发展 main functional regions 主体功能区 poverty-stricken areas 贫困地区 recycling economy 循环经济 disaster prevention and reduction 防灾减灾 Cultural innovation 深化文化体制改革 innovative country 创新型国家 scientific innovation ability 科技创新能力 soft power 软实力
电气工程专业英语翻译
实用资料：电气工程专业课(电力类)翻译参考 专业外语：Professional English 电路（上） electrical circuit (I) 电路（下） electrical circuit (II) 金工实习 machinery practice 电机（上） electrical machinery (I) 电工实验与测试 electrical experiment & test 电子综合实践 integrated electronic practice 信号与系统 signal & system 电子技术基础（模拟） fundamentals of electronic (analog) 电磁场electromagnetic field 电子技术实验 electronic experiment(I) 电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(I) 发电厂动力工程基础 Heat power engineering in generating plant 企业管理 enterprise management 电气主系统electrical system principle 电力系统稳态/暂态分析 Steady-State/ Transient-State Analysis of Power System 电力系统继电保护 Power System Relaying Protection 电力系统潮流计算机分析：Computer Analysis of Power Flow 数字电子技术 Digital Electrical Technique 微机原理 microcomputer principle 电子技术基础（数字） fundamentals of electronic (digital) 自动控制 automatic control theory 电力系统分析 electric power system analysis 电子技术基础实验electronic experiment(II) 电气主系统课程设计 electrical system principle-course design 电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(II) 通信与计算机网络 communication & computer networks 电力系统继电保护 electric power system relaying 电力系统继电保护 Power System Protective Relaying 电力系统远动技术electric power system remote protocol 生产实习productive practice Technology 继电保护课程设计 electric power system relaying-course design 电力电子技术 power electronics 电力电子技术基础：Fundamentals of Electronics Power Technology 电力电子课程设计 Power electronics course design 电力系统自动控制 electric power system control & automation 高电压技术 High voltage engineering Technology 变电站自动化 substation automation 电力经济 electric power system economics 电能质量控制 electric power quality control 配电网自动化 distribution system automation 电力系统新技术 new techniques on electric power system
各种职位的英文翻译
各种职位的英文翻译 qa 是英文 quality assurance 的简称，中文含义是质量保证； qc 是英文 quality control 的简称，中文含义是质量控 制。 IPQC 是过程检验工程师 JQE 是品质工程师 DQA 是设计品保工程师 SQE 共货商管理工程师 Administration( 行政部分) 行政主管 File Clerk 档案管理员 行政助理 Office Manager 办公室经理 行政秘书 Receptionist 接待员 办公室文员 Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析 Staff Assistant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员 Stenographer 速记员 Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员 Telephone Operator 电话操作 员 Shipping/Receiving Expediter 收发督导员 Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁 Typist 打字员 Executive and Managerial( 管理部分 ) Retail Store Manager 零售店经理 Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监 HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理 Operations Manager 操作经理 Assistant Vice-President 副总裁助理 Production Manager 生产经理 Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行官 Property Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations Officer(COO) 首席运营官 Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International) 国际监管 Claims Examiner 主考官 Director of Operations 运营总监 Controller(General) 管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员 General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问 District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理 President 总统 Import/Export Manager 进出口经理 Product Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员 Program Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员 Project Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理 Regional Manager 区域经理 Manager(Non-Profit and Charities) 非盈利性慈善机构管理 Service Manager 服务经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理 Vending Manager 售买经理 Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-President 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理 Warehouse Manager 仓库经理 Education and Library Science( 教育部分 ) Daycare Worker 保育员 ESL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental Educator 发展教育家 Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师 Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问 Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员 Nanny 保姆 Physical Education Teacher 物理教师 Principal 校长 School Psychologist 心理咨询教师 Teacher 教师 Special Needs Educator 特种教育家 Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师 Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College Professor 大学教授 Coach 教练员 Assistant Dean of Students 助理训导长 Archivist 案卷保管员 Vocational Counselor 职业顾问 Tutor 家教、辅导教师 Auditor 审计师 Accountant 会计员，会计师 Administration Assistant 行政助理 Administrator 行政主管 Assistant Manager 副经理 Assistant Production Manager 副厂长 Business Manager 业务经理 Cashier 出纳员 Chief Accountant 总会计主任 Chief Engineer 总工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk 文员(文书) Director 董事 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Executive Director 行政董事 Executive Secretary 行政秘书 Financial Controller 财务总监 Foreman 领班，组长 General manager 总经理 Junior clerk 低级文员（低级职员） Manager 经理 Marketing Executive 市场部主任 Marketing Manager 市场部经理 Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任 Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师 Merchandiser 买手（商人） Messenger 信差（邮递员） Office Assistant 写字楼助理（办事员） Administrative Director Executive Assistant Executive Secretary General Office Clerk
安全工程专业英语词汇及翻译(司鹄版)
Unit6 Industry hygiene工业卫生physical hazard物理危害、物质危害nonionizing radiation非电离辐射adverse effects副作用loud noise嘈杂的声音chemical bum化学烧伤live electrical circuits 带电电路confined space密闭空间hearing loss听力丧失physical or mental disturbance身体或精神障碍annoyance烦恼power tools电动工具impulse脉冲sound level meter噪声计jet engine喷气式发动机time-weighted average时间加权平均heat stress热应力、热威胁shivering 颤抖hard labor辛苦工作fatigued疲劳的living tissue活组织plastic sealer塑料密封机biological hazard生物危害potable water饮用水sewage污水physical contact身体接触allergic reaction 过敏反应severe pain剧烈疼痛manual handing手工处理airborne空中的on a daily basis每天hazard communication standard危害通识规定stipulation规定、条款trade name商标名 工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术，这些压力产生或来自与工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或是工程或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉到很不舒服。（P67） 当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神发生紊乱，对语言交流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时，它是一种非常严重的危害。噪音是任何不被期望的声音，它通常是一种强度变化但不包括任何信息的声音。他干扰人们对正常声音的辨别，可能是有害的，能使人烦恼，并干扰人们说话。（P68） Unit9 Accident investigation事故调查after-the-fact事实背后的take an investigation进行调查fact-finding process寻找事实的过程insurance carrier保险公司/承保人plance blame推卸责任permanent total disability永久全部劳动力丧失for simplicity为简单起见accident prevention 事故预防investigation procedures调查过程fact finding寻找事实operating procedures flow diagrams操作过程流程图maintenance chart维修图表bound notebook活页笔记本physical or chemical law物理或化学定律table of contens 目录narrative叙事的counter-measure干预措施 调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据，从证人、旁观者及一些相关报道中得到信息，在事故发生后尽快的找目击证人谈话，在事故现场遭到改变前进行检查，对事故场景进行拍照并绘制草图，记录与地形相关的所有数据，并将所有的报道复印保存。记录常规的操作流程图、维修图表或对困难、异常现象的报告等非常有用。在活页笔记本中完整准确地记录。记录事故发生前的环境、事故顺序及事故发生后的环境情况等。另外，记录伤者、证人、机械能量来源和危害物质的位置。（P119） Unit10 Safety electricity安全用电electrical equipment电力设备fuse puller保险丝夹break contact断开接点/触电hot side高压端load side 负荷端line side线路/火线端groundfault circuit Interrupt 漏电保护器ground fault接地故障receptacle电源插座hot bubs热水澡桶underwater lighting水底照明fountains 人工喷泉ungrounded（hot）conductor 未接地（高压）单体/火线neutral conductor中性导体fault current载荷中心panelboard 配电板branch-circuit分支电路CB一种多功能插座plug-in插入式 上锁/挂牌成套设备也是可用的。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有必须满足OSHA上锁/挂牌标准的组件。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有可重复使用的危险标签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁/挂牌相关的信息。无论什么原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时，在返回