常用医学英语名词

内分泌/代谢性系统疾病

症状

多尿polyuria [?p?li?ju?ri?]

多饮/烦渴polydipsia [?p?li?dipsi?]

心悸palpitation [p?lpi?tei?(?)n]

气短short of breath

皮肤潮湿moist skin

紧张nervous

焦虑uneasy / anxiety

好动restless

强直spasticity spastic;

抽搐twitch /tic

常见诊断

尿崩症diabetes insipidus [?dai??bi:ti:z]

甲亢hyperthyroidism [haip??θair?idiz(?)m]

甲减hypothyroidism

糖尿病diabetes mellitus [?melit?s]

糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabetic ketoacidosis DKA [?ki:t?u??si?d?usis] 高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma

低血糖症hypoglycemia [?haip?uɡlai?si:mi?]

低钠血症hyponatremia

高钠血症hypernatremia [?haip?n??tri:mi?]

低钾血症hypokalemia [?haip?uk??li:mj?]

高钾血症hyperkalemia [?haip?k??li:mi?]

代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis [?met??b?lik] [??si?d?usis]

代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis [??lk??l?usis]

呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis

呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis

痛风gout [ɡu:]

系统性红斑狼疮systemic lupus erythematosus SLE [?lu:p?s]

皮肌炎dermatomyositis DM [?d?:m?t??mai??saitis]

系统性硬化病systemic sclerosis SSc 硬皮病

气管插管/切开记录

Endotracheal intubation [?end?u?tr??ki?l] 气管插管（术）

tracheal cannula [?k?njul?] 气管插管（强调管子）

Tracheotomy [?tr?ki??t?mi] 气管切开

mechanical ventilation 机械通气[mi?k?nik?l]

sedate [si?deit] 镇静动词

Sedative Drugs 镇静药物

Dopamine [?d?up?min] 多巴胺

Noradrenalin [?n?:r??dren?lin] 去甲肾上腺素

Suction machine 吸痰器

Suck 吸动词

Sputum [?spju:t?m] 痰

noninvasive mechanical ventilation 无创机械通气[?n?nin?veisiv]

We perform endotracheal intubation/ tracheotomy and apply mechanical ventilation。行气管插管/切开，进行机械通气

We use 升压药物to raise blood pressure and 镇静药物to sedate the patient

神经系统

症状

瞳孔pupil

发绀cyanosis 发绀的cyanosed [?sai?n?ust]

头昏dizzyness 头晕的dazed [deizd]

头痛headache

抽搐convulsion [k?n?v?l??n]

眩晕vertigo [?v?: tiɡ?u] 眩晕的vertiginous [v?:?tid?in?s]

晕厥syncope [?si?k?pi] 晕厥的syncopal [?si?k?pl]

昏迷coma

昏睡stupor 昏睡的stuporous [?stju:p?r?s]

意识模糊confusion

嗜睡somnolence [?s?mn?l?ns] 嗜睡的somnolent [?s?mn?l?nt]

谵妄（状态）delirium state [di?liri?m] delirious [di?liri?s]

恶心nausea

呕吐vomiting

感觉异常paresthesia [?p?ris?θi:?i?]

放射性疼痛radiating pain

牵涉性疼痛referred pain

不自主运动involuntary movements [in?v?l?nt?ri]

瘫痪paralysis [p??r?lisis]

偏瘫hemiplegia [?hem i?pli:d?i?]

截瘫paraplegia [?p?r??pli:d?i?]

肌张力增高hypermyotonia [?haip??mai??t?uni?]

口角歪斜the angle of the mouth is drooping [?dru:pi?]

协调运动障碍incoordination

言语障碍dysphonia [dis?f?uni?]

感觉障碍sense disorder

视力障碍Vision disorder

脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid CSF [?seribr?u?spainl] 110-200ML

腰椎穿刺lumbar puncture

电子计算机体层扫描computerized tomography CT

磁共振成像magnetic resonance imaging MRI

脑电图electroencephalography EEG

诊断

脑血管疾病cerebrovascular disease CVD

短暂性脑缺血发作transient ischemic attack TIA

脑梗死cerebral infarction CI

脑血栓形成cerebral thrombosis CT

腔隙性梗死lacunar infarct

脑栓塞cerebral embolism

脑出血intracerebral hemorrhage ICH

蛛网膜下腔出血subarachnoid hemorrhage SAH

高血压脑病hypertension encephalopathy [en?sef??l?p?θi]

消化系统疾病

症状

恶心nausea

呕吐vomiting

吞咽困难dysphagia [dis?feid?i?]

嗳气/打嗝eructation [?i:r?k?tei??n]

反酸acid regurgitation [ri?ɡ?:d?i?tei??n,ri:?ɡ?:d?i?tei??n]

食欲不振Lack of appetite inappetence[in??pit?ns]

腹胀abdominal distention

腹痛abdominal pain

腹泻diarrhea

便秘constipation [?k?nsti?pei??n]

里急后重rectal tenesmus [t??nezm?s]

黄疸jaundice

呕血hematemesis

便血hematochezia

黑便melena

生长抑素somatostatin [s?um?t?u?st?tin]

奥曲肽octreotide

双囊三腔管double capsule three-cavity tube

常见诊断

上消化道出血upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage [?ɡ?str?uin?test?nl]

下消化道出血lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

食管癌carcinoma of the esophagus [?kɑ:si?n?um?] [i(:)?s?f?ɡ?s]

急/慢性胃炎acute/chronic gastritis

消化性溃疡peptic ulcer

胃溃疡gastric ulcer GU

十二指肠溃疡duodenal ulcer DU

胃癌gastric carcinoma

肠结核intestinal tuberculosis [tju:?b?:kju?l?usis]

结核性腹膜炎tuberculous peritonitis [?perit??naitis]

克罗恩病Crohn’s disease ,CD

直肠癌colorectal carcinoma [?k?ul??rekt?l]

酒精性肝病alcoholic liver disease

肝硬化hepatic cirrhosis [hi?p?tik] [si?r?usis]

原发性肝癌primary carcinoma of the liver

肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy HE [en?sef??l?p?θi]

肝性昏迷hepatic coma

重症急性胰腺炎severe acute pancreatitis SAP [?p??kri??taitis] 胰腺癌carcinoma of pancreas [?p??kri?s]

血液系统疾病

症状

贫血anemia [??ni:mi?]

头昏dizzyness

头痛headache

眩晕vertigo

晕厥syncope

乏力weak

萎靡cachexia [k??keksi?]

言语不清的alalic [??leilik]

发热fever

耳鸣tinnitus [ti?nait?s] a drumming in the ears

眼花blurred vision

记忆力减退deterioration of the memory [di?ti?ri??rei??n]

苍白pallor

皮下出血subcutaneous hemorrhage

牙龈出血gingival hamorrhage [d?in?d?aiv?l]

鼻出血rhinorrhagia [rain??reid?i?]

淋巴结肿大lymphadenectasis

瘀点petechia <2mm

紫癜purpura 3-5mm

瘀斑ecchymosis >5mm

昏迷coma

昏睡stupor

意识模糊confusion

嗜睡somnolence

谵妄delirium

意识障碍disturbance of consciousness

常见诊断

重度贫血severe anemia

缺铁性贫血iron deficient anemia

再生障碍性贫血aplastic anemia

溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia

白细胞减少leukopenia

粒细胞缺乏症agranulocytosis [??ɡr?njul?usai?t?usis]

白血病leukemia [lju:?ki:mi?]

急性淋巴细胞白血病acute lymphoblastic leukemia ，ALL [?limf?u?bl?stik]

急性非淋巴细胞白血病acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia，ANLL

慢性粒细胞白血病chronic myeloid leukemia，CML （慢粒）[?mai??l?id]

慢性淋巴细胞白血病chronic lymphoblastic leukemia，CLL 慢淋

急性白血病acute leukopenia AL

淋巴瘤lymphoma [lim?f?um?]

霍奇金淋巴瘤Hodgkin lymphoma，HL

非霍奇金淋巴瘤non Hodgkin lymphoma，NHL

多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma MM [?mai??l?um?]

脾功能亢进hypersplenism

血管性紫癜vascular purpura [?p?:pjur?]

过敏性紫癜allergic purpura [??l?:d?ik]

特发性血小板减少性紫癜idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ，ITP [?idi??p?θik]血友病hemophilia [?hi:m??fili?]

弥散性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation ，DIC [k?u??ɡju?lei??n]

泌尿系统疾病

症状

蛋白尿albuminuria [?l?bju:mi?nju?ri?]

血尿hematuria [?hi:m??tjuri?]

乏力hypodynamia [?haip?udai?n?mj?] / easy fatigability.

疲倦fatigued

腰痛lumbago [l?m?beiɡ?u]

纳差anorexia [??n??reksi?] 没有胃口, 厌食

水肿edema [i(:)?di:m?]

尿频frequent micturition

尿急urgent micturition

尿痛odynuria

血尿hematuria

少尿oliguria

多尿polyuria

恶心nausea

呕吐vomiting

腹胀abdominal distention

腹泻diarrhea

皮肤瘙痒Itch of skin

血液透析hemodialysis [?hi:m?udai??lisis]

血液灌洗Hemoperfusion

血浆置换术Plasmapheresis [?pl?zm??fer?sis]

连续性肾脏替代治疗continuous renal replacement therapy ，CRRT 腹膜透析peritoneal dialysis ，PD [dai??lisis]

利尿剂hydragogue [?haidr?ɡ?ɡ]

常见诊断

急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure ，ARF

慢性肾功能衰竭chronic renal failure ，CRF

急性肾小球肾炎acute glomerulonephritis [ɡl?u?merju?l?unef?raitis] 慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis

急进性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

肾病综合症nephrotic syndrome ，NS [ne?fr?tik]

尿路感染urinary tract infection [?ju?rin?ri]

肾动脉栓塞renal artery embolism

呼吸系统疾病

症状

咳嗽cough

咳痰expectoration

咳血hemoptysis

气紧short of breath

胸痛chest pain

常见诊断

急性上呼吸道感染acute upper respiratory tract infection

肺炎pneumonia

肺曲霉病pulmonary aspergillosis

肺脓肿lung abscess

肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis

慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,COPD

支气管哮喘bronchial asthma

肺栓塞pulmonary embolism ,PE

肺源性心脏病cor pulmonale 简称肺心病

慢性肺源性心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease

间质性肺疾病interstitial lung disease

结节病sarcoidosis

胸腔积液pleural effusions

气胸pneumothorax

肺癌lung cancer

睡眠呼吸暂停综合症sleep apnea syndrome ,SAS

呼吸衰竭respiratory failure

急性呼吸窘迫综合症actue respiratory disease syndrome ,ARDS

肺部感染pulmonary infection

II型呼衰Type II respiratory failure

创伤及意外伤害

症状

呼吸困难dyspnea [dis?pni:?]

发绀cyanosis [?sai??n?usis] 发绀的cyanosed [sai?n?ust] 头昏dizzyness 头晕的dazed [deizd]

头痛headache

眩晕vertigo [v?:tiɡ?u] 眩晕的vertiginous [v?:tid?in?s] 晕厥syncope [si?k?pi] 晕厥的syncopal [si?k?pl]

昏迷coma

昏睡stupor 昏睡的stuporous [stju:p?r?s]

意识模糊confusion

嗜睡somnolence [s?mn?l?ns] 嗜睡的somnolent [s?mn?l?nt] 谵妄delirium [diliri?m] delirious [diliri?s]

恶心nausea

呕吐vomiting

清创缝合术debridement [di’br aidm ?nt]

胸腔闭式引流术Closed thoracic drainage [θ?(:)r?sik] [dreinid?]

胸腔闭式引流管Closed thoracic drainage tube

引流管drainage tube

止血（法）hemostasis [him?st?sis]

包扎tie up

固定fix

休克体位shock position

患肢affected limb

抬高患肢raise/elevate affected limb

创伤trauma [tr?:m?]

创伤复合伤combined injury

放射复合伤combined radiation injury

闭合伤closed injury

挤压伤crush injury

挤压综合症Compression syndrome

挫伤contusion

扭伤sprain

震荡伤concussion [k?nk?s]

开放伤opened injury

擦伤abrasion [?brei??n]

撕裂伤laceration [l?s?rei??n]

车祸伤car accident injury

高坠伤high fall injury

失血性休克hemorrhagic shock

感染性休克infective shock

清洁伤口cleaning wound

污染伤口contaminated wound

感染伤口infected wound

烧伤burn

化学烧伤chemical burn

冷冻伤cold injury

电击伤electric injury

蜂蛰伤bee sting

The patient was conscious(清醒的)/unconscious(不清醒的)/comatose(昏迷的)/ fidgety(烦躁的) with profuse perspiration(大汗淋漓)/ tachypnea (呼吸急促)/ breathing quickly(呼吸急促), complain ing of(主诉)+病员所诉，examination hints(查体示) that :+查体检查到的情况。The patient had endotracheal intubation (气管插管)/ tracheotomy(气管切开)，intravenous access(静脉通道)，g astric tube（胃管），urinary catheter（尿管），drainage tube(引流管)等等, the patient get monitored(监护)，mechanical ventilation(机械通气) /uptaking oxygen数字liter per minute/.we obtain the second/multiple intravenous access（建立静脉通道)，and give him/her the therapy(治疗) such as （例如）+列举各种药品等，monitor blood glucose (血糖)/CVP etc.

This morning the patient’s temperature is数字centigrade,heart rates are 数字per

minute ,respiration rates are 数字per minute ,blood pressure is / mmHg(mmHg millimeter mercury column),SpO2(Pulse Oxygen Saturation) is 数字percent. 数字hours intaking :数字

milliliter,outputting: 数字milliliter,stool(大便)：数字gram.

常见主诉及症状

体格检查physical examination

呼吸困难dyspnea

咳嗽cough

咳痰expectoration

咳血hemoptysis

皮肤黏膜出血mucocutaneous hemorrhage

水肿edema

胸痛chest pain

胸闷chest stuffiness/discomfort

端坐呼吸orthopnea

心悸palpitation

发热fever

发绀cyanosis

头昏dizzyness

头痛headache

眩晕vertigo

晕厥syncope

乏力weak

呕血hematemesis

便血hematochezia

黑便melena

便秘constipation

黄疸jaundice

黄染stained yellow

苍白pallor

发红redness

色素沉着pigmentation

白斑leukoplakia

斑疹maculae

玫瑰疹roseola

丘疹papules

斑丘疹maculopapulae

荨麻疹urticaria

皮肤脱屑desquamation

皮下出血subcutaneous hemorrhage

瘀点petechia <2mm

紫癜purpura 3-5mm

瘀斑ecchymosis >5mm

血肿hematoma

意识障碍disturbance of consciousness

昏迷coma

昏睡stupor

意识模糊confusion

嗜睡somnolence

谵妄delirium

恶心nausea

呕吐vomiting

腹泻diarrhea

偏瘫hemiplegic paralysis

腹痛abdominal pain

腰背痛lumbodorsalgia

关节痛arthralgia

腹胀abdominal distension

肛门停止排气排便no gas or stool excreted from anus 肢体抖动Limbs trembling

抽搐tic

惊厥convulsion

尿频frequent micturition

尿急urgent micturition

尿痛odynuria

血尿hematuria

少尿oliguria

多尿polyuria

自主体位active position

被动体位passive position

强迫体位compulsive position

常见诊断

溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia

百草枯中毒paraquat intoxication

肺炎respiratory

呼吸衰竭respiratory failure

冠心病、心绞痛coronary heart disease angina pectpris 高血压hepertension

心功能不全heart failure

房颤atrial fibrilation

消化道出血hemorrhage of digestive tract

肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy

肝硬化、腹水liver cirrhosis ascites

肝功能衰竭hepatic failure

肾功能衰竭renal failure

肾病综合征nephritic acidosis

代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis

高钾血症hyperkalemia

糖尿病diabetes mellitus

酮症酸中毒ketoacidosis

癫痫epilepsia

脑出血cerebral infarction

脑梗塞brain yumor

脑肿瘤brain tumor

脑炎encephalitis

低钾血症hypokalemia

电解质紊乱electrolyte disturbances

深静脉血栓deep vein thrombosis

蛇咬伤snake bite

蜂蛰伤bee sting

肠梗阻intes tinal obstruction

常用治疗名称

输血blood transfusion

抗感染anti-infection

制酸relieving hyperacidity

抗凝anti-coagulation

抗血小板antiplatelet

止血hemostasia

脱水dehydration

降温defervesce

祛痰eliminating phlegm

平喘relieving asthma

雾化atomization

胃肠减压gastrointestional decompression

灌肠enteroclysis

症状变化

加重aggravate

减轻alleviate

主要检查结果

明显升高、降低、异常remarkably elevated/redeuced./abnormal CT X-ray B-ultrasound

相关科室会诊request relative consultation

循环系统疾病

症状

心悸papitation

发绀cyanosis

呼吸困难short of breath

咳嗽cough

咳血hemoptysis

胸痛chest pain

少尿oliguria

水肿edema

头痛headache

眩晕vertigo

晕厥syncope

恶心nausea

呕吐vomiting

起搏pacing

除颤defibrillation

电复律cardiovertion

溶栓治疗thrombolytic therapy

常见诊断

心力衰竭heart failure

心功能不全cardiac insufficiency [?kɑ:di?k]

窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia [?t?ki?kɑ:di?]

窦性停搏sinus pause

病态窦房结综合症sick sinus syndrome ，SSS

房性心动过速atrial tachycardia [?eitri?l]

房性期前收缩atrial premature beats [?prem??tju?]

心房扑动atrial flutter

心房颤动atrial fibrillation [?faibri?lei??n]

预激综合症preexcitation syndrome

室性期前收缩premature ventricular beats [ven?trikjul?]

室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia

室颤ventricular fibrillation

室扑ventricular flutter

房室传导阻滞atrioventricular block

心脏骤停cardiac arrest

无脉性电活动pulseless electrical activity

心源性猝死sudden cardiac death

先心病congenital cardiovascular diseases [k?n?d?enit?l]

房间隔缺损atrial septal defect ，ASD [?septl]

室间隔缺损ventricular septal defect ,VSD

动脉导管未闭patent ductus arteriosus ,PDA

先天性主动脉缩窄congenital coarctation of the aorta [?k?uɑ:k?tei??n] [ei??:t?] 先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄congenital pulmonary valve stenosis [sti?n?usis]

原发性高血压primary hypertension

冠心病coronary heart disease [?k?r?n?ri]

稳定型心绞痛stable angina pectoris [?n?d?ain?]

心肌梗死myocardial infarction [?mai?u?kɑ:di?l]

心脏瓣膜病valvular heart disease [?v?lvjul?]

风心病rheumatic heart disease [ru(:)?m?tik]

二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis

二尖瓣关闭不全mitral incompetence [?maitr?l] [in?k?mpit?ns]

主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis

主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic incompetence

三尖瓣狭窄tricuspid stenosis [trai?k?spid]

三尖瓣关闭不全tricuspid incompetence

感染性心内膜炎infective endocarditis ,IE

扩张型心肌病dilated cardiomyopathy DCM

心肌炎myocarditis [?mai?ukɑ:?daitis]

急性心包炎acute pericarditis [?perikɑ:?daitis]

中毒理化因素所致疾病

症状

呼吸困难dyspnea

发绀cyanosis

头昏dizzyness

头痛headache

眩晕vertigo

晕厥syncope

昏迷coma

昏睡stupor

意识模糊confusion

嗜睡somnolence

谵妄delirium

恶心nausea

呕吐vomiting

腹泻diarrhea

肢体抖动Limbs trembling

抽搐tic

惊厥convulsion

灼伤get a burn in

腹痛abdominal pain

催吐剂emetic [i?metik]

洗胃gastric lavage [l??vɑ:?,?l?vid?]

导泻catharsis [k??θɑ:sis]

灌肠clyster [?klist?] 动名

血液透析hemodialysis [?hi:m?udai??lisis]

血液灌洗hemoperfusion

血浆置换术Plasmapheresis [?pl?zm??fer?sis]

纳洛酮naloxone [?n?l?ks?un]

氟马西尼flumazenil

地西泮diazepam [dai??zep?m]

吗啡morphine [?m?:fi:n]

哌替啶pethidine

芬太尼pentanyl [fen?t?nil,?fent?nil]

美沙酮methadone

布桂嗪bucinnazine 强痛定

海洛因heroin [?her?uin]

常见诊断

中毒poisoning

有机磷中毒organophosphorus poisoning [??:ɡ?n?u?f?sf?r?s] 毒鼠强中毒tetramine intoxication [in?t?ksi?kei??n]

鼠药中毒Rat-poison poisoning

一氧化碳中毒carbon monoxide poisoning [m??n?ksaid] 戒断综合症withdrawal syndrome

镇静催眠药中毒sedative-hypnotic poisoning

酒精中毒alcohol poisoning

蛇咬伤snakebite

蜂蛰伤bee sting