动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的用法（一）
定义：动词不定式是一种非限制动词形式。非限定动词是指不能单独在句中充当谓语的动词形式。非限定动词包括：动词不定式，-ing分词和-ed分词。
非限定动词的共同特征：它们不受句中主语的人称和数的限制，不能单独表示出动作发生的时间；它们都有一定的时态和语态的变化，如一般式，完成式。学好非限定动词的关键在于学好它们各个的功能和用法，以及与其他两种之间用法上的区别。
动词不定式的形式：
1）形式：不定式可分为带“to”（to do）和不带“to”（do）的动词不定式。
2)动词不定式的否定形式为：not+不定式
3)不定式的时态语态三大公式：
动词时态语态的三个公式如下：
进行式公式=be+现在分词
完成式公式=have+过去分词
被动式公式=be+过去分词
由此，我们可以推导出不定式的时态和语态公式，以下我们以to do为例，列出公式如下：时态主动被动
一般式To do To be done
完成式To have done To have been done
进行式To be doing
完成进行式To have been doing
一，动词不定式的时态：
动词不定式不能在句中作谓语，尽管它本身有时态的变化，但是却不能靠自身的变化形式表示动作发生的具体时间。动词不定式发生的时间，一般只能根据谓语动词的时间，产生相对的先后时间关系。
1）不定式的一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作几乎同时发生，或在谓语动作之后发生，或者不强调不定式动作的时间性。但若是不定式表原因时，往往先于谓语动作之前发生。
如：The news will not fail to surprise him.
这个消息将不会不使他大吃一惊的。（不定式动作在将来和谓语动作同时发生）
I helped to repair the car.
我帮助修理汽车。（不定式动作在过去与谓语动作同时发生）
He didn't know where to go.
他不知道该去哪儿。（不定式稍晚于谓语动作）
Tell you brother not to come tomorrow.(不定式晚于谓语动作)
判断：
He decided to sell his car.
I tried to go to school in time.
I hope to see you soon
☆注意：不定式表示谓语动作的原因时，往往发生在谓语动作之前。
如：.I am very happy to see you here.
She seemed surprised to meet us.(先是遇见我们，她然后很吃惊)
2）不定式的完成式：通常表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
如：
I am sorry not to have come to your party last night.
He seems to have finished his homework.
I am very happy to have helped you.
The rain seemed to have stopped.
注意：若谓语动词是表示愿望，打算，意图的动词，如：hope, think, want, promise, plan, suppose, expect, mean, intend等时，不定式的用法如下：
A）上述动词的现在时+动词不定式的完成式，表示不定式发生在谓语动作之后，在将来发生。
如：I hope/expect/want/plan to have finished the task(任务) by the end of this month.
Finish的动作发生在hope之后。
B)上述动词的过去时+不定式的完成式：表示本希望在过去发生的事情，但因故未能实现。如：We planned to have finished the work before lunch.
=We had planned to finish the work before lunch.
我们本打算在午饭前完成这项工作。（但是没能完成）
We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing.
=We had meant to stop him from doing such a thing.
我们本想阻止他做那种事。（但没有成功）
3）不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作正在进行，持续之中。可能在谓语动作发生时正在进行，也可能在谓语动作之后发生并进行。
如：The boys were discovered to be hiding behind the door.
男孩子们被发现正在门后藏在呢。
It's nice to be lying on the beach.
躺在沙滩上，真是惬意极啦。（正躺在沙滩上）
The boss doesn't like you to be always coming late for work.
老板不喜欢你上班总是迟到。
4）不定式的完成进行式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前就已经开始，到谓语动作发生时可能停止，也可能继续下去。
Tom seemed to have been reading a novel.
He is found to have been working for 4 hours.
二：不定式的语态
动词不定式除了有时态变化外，还有语态变化。用主动态还是被动态，取决于不定式和其逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。
1）不定式的逻辑主语：因为不定式不能作谓语，所以就不可能有语法上的主语。但是通常情况下，我们可以推断出句中的某个词实际上和不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系，我们就称这个词为不定式的逻辑主语。
不定式的逻辑主语的形式主要有：
A）不定式作及物动词的宾语或状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句中的主语。
如：The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了。(不定式作宾语)
He seems to have missed the train.（不定式作seem的宾语）
I opened the door quietly in order not to disturb him.(不定式作目的状语)
She came here to study, not to have a good time here.(目的状语)
B)在“动词+宾语+不定式（作宾语补语）”中，不定式的逻辑主语通常是它前面的宾语。She wanted me to buy some books.(me是to buy的逻辑主语，而不是she )
A mother must teach her children not to tell lies.
母亲应该教育孩子不撒谎。
C)不定式的逻辑主语可能是作者或说话人，用来表示说话人对所谈内容的看法或态度。
To begin with, she made a speech to the audience(观众)
To speak frankly, she doesn't work as hard as me.
To tell the truth, he is quite lazy.
这类表示态度的不定式固定搭配还有：
To be honest, 老实说
To cut a long story short长话短说，简而言之
To get (back) to the point回到正题
To put it another way换句话说
2）若句中没有不定式的逻辑主语，又必须指明时，往往借助介词引出：“for/of/with/without+名词/代词+动词不定式”
A)一般情况下，不定式的逻辑主语由介词for引出。
如：Is there anything for me to eat?
He opened the gate for the car to enter.(是the car开进来，而不是he)
他打开大门让汽车开进来。
It's unusual for him to be late.
I am waiting for the shop to open.
B)在“It is/was +形容词+of+名词/代词+不定式”结构中，不定式的逻辑主语则是由of引导。这类形容词常常是用来说明或评价人的行为，表现，性格，特征，品质的形容词。
如：absurd,brave,clever,clumsy（笨拙的）considerate(考虑周到的),cruel(残酷的，残忍的)，Cunning(狡猾的)，careful.careless,foolish,generous(慷慨的)，good,greedy(贪婪的)，honest,prudent(谨慎的)，kind,lazy,modest,nasty,nice,polite,rude（粗鲁的）,selfish(自私的)，silly,stupid,thoughtful,wicked(邪恶的)等。
It's very kind of you to help.
It was stupid of me to believe him.
3)动词不定式的被动语态：
动词不定式是用主动还是被动，由动词不定式和逻辑主语之间关系决定。如果逻辑主语是动作的发出者，不定式用主动；反之，用被动。
She asked the door to be closed.
He ordered the guns to be fired.(他命令开火)
He ordered the soldiers to fire the guns.他命令士兵开火。
试比较：
I have some clothes to be washed today.我今天有些衣服要洗。（让别人帮忙洗）
I have some clothes to wash.(自己洗)
※注意：A)在there be句型中，主语可用不定式修饰。如果句中主语是不定式的承受者，常常用不定式的主动表示被动。
如：There is still a lot of work to do(to be done).
B)too...to句型也常常用不定式主动代替被动。
如：The stone is too heavy to move(be moved).
和：The stone is too heavy for me to move.
C)在“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，如果表语形容词说明的是主语的内在特征，往往用主动表被动。
如：The pencil is easy to write with.
The coffee is bitter to taste.这咖啡真苦。
The flower is awful to smell.这花真难闻。
D)如果不定式后面跟的是“动词+介词”短语动词，介词不可省略。
You are pleasant to talk with.和你交谈很令人愉快
The pen is hard to write with.这支笔很难用。
E)take作“花费”解时，其后的不定式总是用主动。
The book took me 2 years to write.
English takes time and energy to learn.学习英语需要花费时间和精力。
三．不定式的句法功能：动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
1）作主语：
不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的，特定的行为。其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：
To live means to create.
To do that sort of thing is stupid.
To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.
但是当作主语的不定式是较长的短语是，我们通常使用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式置于句末。例如：
It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.
It was his job to repair bicycles(自行车)
☆常用it作形式主语，而用动词不定式作实际主语的常用句型有：
1. It is＋adj (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。通常表明的是事情对人产生的影响或意义。比如“难易程度、重要性、可能性大小等”。
用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
例如：
It is interesting to play this game.
It is necessary for you to change your job.
How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.
How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！
2. It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。通常表示根据事实判断人的品行，特征。如：“聪明，愚笨，明智，错误等”。
注意：这一句型中常用描述不定式的逻辑主语的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，wise(明智的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。
3.It＋be＋名词＋不定式
用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.
It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.
It's a shame for you to do such kind of thing.
4. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
例如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.
2）作表语
主语和表语同为不定式时，通常主语表示条件，表语表示结果。
如：To see is to believe.
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is+不定式以及The next step/ /important thing/problem/measure is +不定式等。例如：
My wish is to be a teacher.
My goal is to pass the college entrance examination(高考，大学入学考试).
The problem is how to get there.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim.(目标)
Your job is to type the papers in the office.
The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.
☆另外：
A)当主语是一个由what引导的从句时，用作表语的不定式通常是说明what的具体内容的。如：What I want is to go to the park tomorrow.
B)不定式作表语常常用来表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。
如：His greatest wish is to see an end to the war.
All you have to do is (to) finish the job as quickly as possibly.
All I can do is just smile at him and say nothing.
注意：当主语中含有实义动词do的各种形式时，作表语的不定式通常省略“to”.
3）作宾语
许多动词都可和不定式搭配，即这些动词的用法决定了其后接带to的不定式作宾语。有些动词只能接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。而句中的主语常常就是作宾语的不定式的逻辑主语。
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。
而常常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词有：decide,discover,forget,inquire（询问），know,learn,remember,see,settle,think,wonder.
例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities.
She offered to help me when I was in trouble.
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
I don't decide/know what to do/where to go.
I can't remember what to do.
I forgot how to operate the machine.
注意：当作宾语的不定式是较长的短语，常常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的不定式放到句末去。
常常这样用的动词有believe, think, consider, find,feel, make等动词。
可构成句型“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：
I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.
She felt it her duty to help the old woman.
I find it difficult to understand him.
4）、作介词宾语
动词不定式通常不能用作介词的宾语，但以下两点除外。
1）介词之后可以用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。
如：He gave me some advice on how to write a good composition(作文).
He talked with me about how to spend the frigid(极寒冷的) winter.
2)以下介词之后常常用不带to的不定式作宾语，特别是当句中的谓语动词为实义动词do的各种形式时，尤其如此。而谓语动词为其他动词时，也可用带to的不定式。
这类介词主要有：
About就要。。。Save除。。。之外
But除了。。。之外Save and expect除。。。之外
Except除。。。之外Than除。。。之外
如：I have done nothing except eat and sleep this week.
I couldn't do anything but wait here.
The enemy(敌人)had no other choice but/than to surrender(投降).
敌人除了投降之外，别无选择。
It had no effort except to make him angry.
除了让他生气外，这起不了任何作用。
在下列短语后，but之后只能跟不带to的不定式。
Do nothing but 只能Cannot but禁不住。。。
Do anything but决不Cannot choose but只得。。。
Cannot help but不得不
如：His father could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
We would do anything but confess(承认)our guilty.我们决不承认有罪。
She couldn't help but laugh at his clothes.她情不自禁地大笑他的着装。
I cannot but admire(钦佩) his courage.
I could not choose but love her.我不禁爱上了她。
5）作宾补
不定式作宾补时，其逻辑主语常常就是它前面的宾语。
1)可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge(挑战), convince(使信服), dare, drive(驱使), encourage, expect, forbid, force(强迫), hire, instruct(指导), invite, need, order, permit(允许), persuade, require, teach, tell, urge, hear, order, see, want, wish, worn(警告)等。例如：
The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar.
I wish you to go to the meeting with me.
I persuaded him to give up smoking.
She asked me to stay here.
2)注意：有一类表示见解，看法的动词，如：believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后常常接to be型不定式作宾补。to be可以省略。例如：
He declared himself （to be）a college student. 他自称是名大学生。
The police proved him （to be ）a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。
We consider him (to be ) diligent(勤奋的).
☆特别注意hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：
【误】I hope my son to be back soon.
【正】I hope my son will be back soon.
【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.
【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.
【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.
3)在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：His boss made/have/let him work all day long.
I heard him sing in her bedroom.
I saw him play basketball on the playground.
但是，改为被动结构后，应该还原省略的to。例如：
He was seen to break the window.
4)表示好恶的动词+宾语+带to的不定式
如：I like people to tell the truth.
She preferred me to do my job by myself.
I hate him to speak loudly in the classroom.
这类动词主要有：
Dislike不喜欢Like喜欢Prefer更喜欢
Hate讨厌，不喜欢Love喜爱Want想要
5）Know和see的用法
当它们用于主动语态，特别是用于一般过去时或过去完成时，其后的宾语补足语常常可以省略。
如：I have never known him (to) tell a lie(谎言)
I have never known/seen it (to) snow in July before.
I never knew her complain.
我从没听她发过怨言。
注意：当know和see用于被动语态时，必须还原不定式符号to。
如：I have never seen that man (to) smile.
That man has never been seen to smile.
6）作定语
动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。被修饰的名词和用作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑主语，也可以是逻辑宾语的关系。例如：
Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)
Do you have anything to say/declare(宣布)？
What I want is to get something to do.
1)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, evidence, failure, means, measure, reason, refusal, promise, right,way, wish等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
You have no right to speak.
He has the ability to work out the math question.
I have the courage to invite her for dinner.
She has a great wish to to travel around the world.
2)当谓语动词是be, find, get, give, have, need, want等，它们后面的名词（宾语或者表语）常常用不定式修饰。
如：They gave us a week to think the problem over.
Do you have anything more to say?
We found a house to live in.
I need/want a piece of paper to write on.
3)注意：如果需要另外引出作定语的不定式的逻辑主语，可以用介词for+名/代词
如：Mike is the person for me to turn to(求助于) in difficult time.
遇到困难，麦克是我可以向之求助的人。
This is the only point for us to pay attention to.
这就是我们需要给以关注的唯一一点。
4) 如果作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”，介词不可省略。
如：We must find a hotel to live in because it is getting dark.(live in a hotel)
Please give me a piece of paper to write on.(write on a piece of paper)
There are a lot of goods(商品)to choose from.(choose from the goods)
5)由only, first, last, next, only, second以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?
She was the first girl to come to the party.
He is the only person to know the thing.
This is the best film to be played that year.
这是那年放映的最好的电影。
The cheapest products(商品，产品)to be bought is in that store.
6)在there be句型中，作定语的不定式可以用主动或者被动。
如：There is nothing to worry about/to be worried about.
There is a lot of work to do/be done.
Is there anything to eat?
7) 有些不定式作定语，具有“将来实现”的意义，即不定式动作将在将来发生。
如：The meeting to take place is very important for the company.
即将召开的会议对这个公司极其重要。
The person for you to talk with is the manager.
将和你谈话的人是经理。
7）作状语
动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果、条件、方式等。
1)作目的状语：不定式的动作稍晚于谓语动词的动作。
如：I must leave now to get there on time.我必须马上动身，以便按时到达那儿。
I am saying this to encourage you.
I store the food in the fridge to keep it fresh.
We went there to see our grandparents.
※A)注意：不定式表示目的时，常常在不定式前面加上in order或so as，构成in order to 或so as to，以突出或强调目的。
如：Many people go to work on foot in order to /so as to lose weight.
I got up so early in order to catch the early bus.
He worked so hard so as to get high salary(薪水).
B)in order to 和so as to 的否定式是在to前面加not，构成in order not to 和so as not to.
He studied in his bedroom so as not be disturbed.
C)in order to既可以放在句首表目的，亦可以放在句中，而so as to 只能放在句中。
In order to catch the early bus, I get up early every day.
=I get up early every day so as to catch the early bus.
2)不定式作结果状语时，总是出现在被修饰的动词之后，并且常用以下结构：
结构中文含义
So+形容词/副词+as to do 如此。。。以致
Such+（形容词+）名词+as to do 如此。。。以致
Enough+名词+to do 足够。。。
名词/形容词/副词+ enough+to do 足够。。。
Too+形容词/副词+to do 太。。。以致不能。。。
如：What have I said to make you so angry?
What have I done to offend you?
They said goodbye, never to meet again.
用so...as...和such...as...引导的结果状语：
He is not so stupid as to do that.他还没用蠢到去做那种事情。
He got up so early as to catch the first bus.
他起的如此早，以致他赶上了头班车。
She is such a beautiful girl as to be liked by people.
He is such a strong boy as to carry that heavy box.
由too...to引导的结果状语，意为“太。。。以致不能。。。”
She is too young to attend school.
The food is too hot to eat.
I am too tired to study any more.
注意：A)如果too 前有all,but,not,only等修饰时，too的意思是“非常、很”，这种情况下，即使too后面跟了不定式，也不含否定意义，不表示结果。
I am not too sad to see them leave.
看到他们离开了，我并不感到很悲伤。
I am not too happy to meet you.
见到你，我并不很高兴。
I am only too pleased to help you.
我十分乐意帮助你。
B)当too和以下形容词连用时，即使其后跟有不定式，也不表示否定，too意为“非常。”
这些形容词有：
Pleased高兴的Glad高兴的Apt易于。。。
Anxious焦急的Willing愿意的Ready愿意的
Eager渴望的Kind好心的Inclined倾向于。。。
如：I am too glad to see you.
Food is too apt to go bad in summer.
She is too eager to see you.她很渴望见到你。
The girl is too ready to cry.这个女孩动不动就哭。
由enough引导的结果状语。
注意：enough用来修饰名词时，可以放在名词前面或后面；但是用来修饰形容词或副词时，只能放在其后。
如：He made enough noise/noise enough to wake the dead.
他连死人都要吵醒了。
I don't know him well enough to ask for his help.
He was kind enough to help me.
他十分友善，帮助了我。
☆另外：不定式表示结果时，常常和only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。
如：He worked hard only to fail in the exam.
和努力学习，结果却没有及格。
He rushed to the station only to find the train had left.
He invited the girl for dance only to receive a polite refusal.
3)动词不定式用作原因状语，通常放在谓语之后，表示原因。该状语的时间常常略早于谓语动作发生的时间。
如：They jumped high to hear the news.听到这个消息，他们高兴的跳起来了。
I feel very happy to be praised by my teacher.
I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）
The boy was shocked to see his girlfriend walk hand in hand with another boy.
4)动词不定式用作条件状语。此时，不定式位于句首，句末皆可。
如：She will be glad to hear the news.
He would be stupid not accept her advice.
To look at him, you could not help laughing.
如果看看他，你就会禁不住笑起来。
5）不定式用作方式状语。此时，不定式前面常常有as if，as though，表示比喻关系。
如：He raised his hand as if to stop the car.
She opened her mouth as though to speak.
她张开嘴，好像要说话似的。
高中英语动词不定式用法大全
高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介
词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
动词不定式的用法有哪些
动词不定式的用法有哪些？ 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是：to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。现就以下几方面介绍如下: 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, expect,plan,begin,start,ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如：I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。 如：Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不定式有时和一连接代（副）词一起构成宾语。 如：I don’t know what to say.我不知道说什么。 3. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式： （1）在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如：You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 （2）在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear,have等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如：I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see y ou come in. 我没看见你进来。 （3）在引导疑问句的why not之后。Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。 如：Why not take a holiday?=Why don’t you take a holiday？ 为什么不休个假呢? （4）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。 如：I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实我别无选择。What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？ （5）为了避免重复，不定式可省去to。 如：I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 对于想什么或说什么，我真
不定代词和动词不定式用法小结
不定代词的用法 1.代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词 2.some与any的区别 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式。any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些”，可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式 2）在反问句、疑问句中，表示请求、建议和希望对方得到肯定回答时，多用some. Would you like some beer？你要不要来点啤酒吗？ Why didn’t you buy some sweets？你怎么没买点糖果？ 3）any 用于肯定句时,表示是“任何的” Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。 3）some还有表示“某个”的意思 I’ll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。 3.复合不定代词：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). A：作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Is there anything wrong with your watch?”“No, nothing is wrong with it B：修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面。 This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。 Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗？ C：一般来说，当主语是指人的复合代词，如everybody, nobody, anybody 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they；当前面句子中的复合代词指物，如everything, something, anything, nothing 等时，其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it。如：Everyone is here, aren’t they? 人都到了，是吗？ Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了，是吗？ Somebody is waiting for me at the gate, aren’t they? 有人在门口等我，是吗？ 3.few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few修饰可数名词或代替可数的事物, little、a little修饰不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。 He is very poor and he has little money. 他很穷,几乎没有什么钱 Don’t worry. There is st ill a little time left. 别着急,还有一点儿时间呢 In that polar region there live few people. 在那个极地地区几乎不住人 You can get a few sweets from him. 你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. Let him sleep a little. 3）quite a few (相当多)only a few (只有几个，几乎没有) 4、all和both, either的用法 1）all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词 All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。 Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生
不定式用法详解
不定式用法详解 定义：在句子中充当除了谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词有三种：不定式，动名词，分词。 注：非谓语动词具有时态和语态的变化，可以同否定词not连用，构成否定形式，可以带宾语，状语，补语。非谓语动词的名词，形容词，副词的特征；可用在句中做主语，宾语，补语，状语，和定语等。 —不定式（原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。不定式不做谓语，属于非谓语动词） 不定式的时态，语态 一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。 e.g :They often watch us play football. (同时) She hopes to go there again. (之后发生) 完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。 e.g : I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday 注：1）用在intended, expected, meant, hoped. promised, wanted, planned. wished. thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划的等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。 e.g: He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport,but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去机场接你（事情已经发生），但他没及时赶到那儿。（没接成） e.g: We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month. 我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们作些好事。（没作成）。
不定式的特殊用法小结
不定时的用法 to do 的其它用法： 1. 时态和语态形式to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to have been doing (1) 一般式表动作通常与谓语动词所表动作同时或在其后发生; 进行式表动作与谓语动作同 时进行；完成式表动作发生在谓语动作之前; pretend / believe /say/seem/happen/prove/plan/hope/expect/should like/would like + to have done 表未曾实现的行为; 完成进行式表动作在谓语动作之前已开始并一直进行着，到说话时为止，该动作可能停止，也可能还在继续。 People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in. I didn’t expect you to be waiting for me so long. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken. the world record in the 110- metre hurdle race. He’s said to have written a new novel. I would like to have had your help. I hoped to have seen her . He planned to have gone abroad. He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years. (1)主动式表逻辑主语为不定式动作的执行者；被动式表逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 I hope to finish reading the book tonight. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 2.to do 的主动表被动 (1)to do 作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时又和句子主语构成主谓关系。 I have a lot of papers to deal with. (2) be + 性质adj. + to do . easy/hard/difficult/interesting/heave/pleasant/comfortable/safe/dangerous/impossible Tom is pleasant to work with. This book is difficult to understand. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe. (2)be + let /blame/ seek It seemed that water was to blame. The cause isn’t far to seek. The house is to let. (3)wh- + to do I had no idea who to turn to for help the time I lost. How to divide labor among them is still a question. (5) there be + 主语+ to do 中，当强调某人完成某事时用主动形式；当强调某事必须被完成用被动形式。 There’s many work to do. (sb. has to do the work. )/ to be done.(the work has to be done.) 3.to do 的逻辑主语是其所表动作的承受者时用被动。 It’ an honor for me to be invited to the party. The books and mag azines aren’t allowed to be taken out of the reading room. I wanted the letter to be typed at once She asked to be assigned to do a heavy job. 4.如果逻辑主语没出现，只要意义是被动的，to do仍用被动。 It’s great honor to be elected a delegate to the Party. To be attacke d by the enemy isn’t a bad thing but a good thing. 5.to do中动词的省略，只保留to . (1)to do作某些动词的宾语时：当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为避免重复，只留to. afford/ agree/ expect/ forget/ hate/ hope/ intend/ mean/ plan/ prefer/ refuse/ try/ want/ wish/ would like/ love/ care
动词不定式用法大全
动词不定式用法大全 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
英语动词不定式的完成式用法小结
英语动词不定式完成式在使用语境中的学习与考查 江苏省沛县湖西中学鹿俊先221611 综观近年的英语高考试题，我们可以看到题目的设置往往强调语言知识在特定语境中的使用，把语言知识放在了语用层面上，即考察实际应用知识的能力。 英语动词不定式的完成式，即(to) have +动词的过去分词形式，是中学英语学习中的重点及难点知识之一，也是高考试题中频繁出现的形式。对于这一形式考查的题目设置通常围绕三类语境，即陈述已经发生过了的事实，推测可能已经发生过了的事实，表达与过去实际情况相反的事实。下面分别加以叙述，以便从语用角度掌握这一语言知识。 1.陈述已经发生过了的事实。 1.1.置于表示情感反应的动词、形容词、分词之后，作为引起该反应的刺激，表示情感反应之前完成的动作。例如： I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=I'm sorry that I gave / have given you so much trouble.) It is good to have finished work for the day. (=I am pleased because I have finished.) She said she was sorry to have missed you. (=She said she was sorry that he had missed you.) There was a smile on the boy's face, which seemed to show that he was happy to have given his life to his country. (=…he was happy that he had given his life to his country.) 1.2.置于be said, be considered, be believed, seem, appear, happen, turn out,等之后表示这些动作之前完成的动作。例如： I don't know whether you happen to have heard, but I am going to study in the U.S.A. this September. Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. (=It is generally considered that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.) He is said to have studied abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. (= It is said that he studied abroad, b ut….) I appear to have made a small mistake. (=It appears that I made / have made a small mistake.) He seems to have missed the train. (=It seems that he missed the train.) 1.3.置于should之后，表达说话人对已发生了的事实的情感的反应，如惊奇、遗憾、喜悦、不安、失望，等，should相当于汉语中的“竟然”，“居然”。例如：They were surprised (that) a child should have worked out the problem while they themselves couldn't. It is strange that she should have married such an old man. 2.推测可能已经发生过了的事实。 2.1.置于must, will, would, can't, couldn't 之后，表示很有把握的推论。例如： The city must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. An ambulance is waiting in the street. Somebody must have been hurt or killed. --I met her soon after the war.
动词不定式用法讲解·优选.
动词不定式的用法讲解 一、动词不定式： 构成：to + 动词原形（to只是不定式符号，没有意义） 动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。 1.It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式 To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。 To protect environment is important for us. = It’s impor tant for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。 2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。 3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间) 4.It is a good idea to do sth. 作宾语 1.常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有： want to do sth. decide to do sth. hope to do sth. plan to do sth. offer to do sth. agree to do sth. learn to do sth try to do sth prefer to do sth promise to do sth. need to do sth. expect to do sth. 2. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。 He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。 I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。 We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。 3.特殊疑问词+动词不定式作宾语 Can you tell me how to get to the post office? I didn’t know what to do next.
be+不定式的用法小结
be+不定式的用法小结 be＋不定式是英语中常见的一种结构，关于它的用法现在总结如下： 一、构成系表结构： 1、表示目的，例如： The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries. 这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。 2、对主语内容进行解释说明，例如： What you should do is (to) answer my questions. 你所应该做的就是回答我的问题。 二、表示将来： 1、表示按计划安排要发生的事情，例如： The president is to visit China next year. 总统将于明年访问中国。 If we are to be there in time, we'll have to hurry up. 如果我们想及时到达那里，就必须要赶快。 注：我们可以说：It's going to rain. 但不能说：It's to rain. 2、表示无法预见的结果或注定要发生的事情，例如： Better days are soon to follow. 好日子就要到了。 三、构成虚拟语气： 1、were to do 用于虚拟条件句中，表示对将来情况的虚拟。例如：What would you do if war were to break out? 假如战争爆发你会怎么做？
2、was/were+不定式的完成式（＝should+不定式的完成式）表示过去应该发生而未发生的动作，例如：We were to have been married last year。 我们本打算去年结婚的。 四、be 后的个别动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，例如： It's Jim who is to blame. 该怪的是吉姆。 This house is to let. 此房出租。 五、其他用法： 1、表示命令，指令。例如： You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room. 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。 2、表示必须，必要。例如： This letter is to be handed to him in person. 这封信必须要面交他本人。 3、表示能够或可能发生的事情，例如： How are we to convince him? 我们怎么能够说服他呢？ 4、表示应该，例如： Such questions are to be avoided. 这样的问题应该避免。
动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式的基本用法 一、概述 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其形式如下：（主动形式） ◆一般式（not）to do 一般现在时表示的动词有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. 我希望再见到你。_____________________________________________________ ◆完成式（not）to have done 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He seems to have caught a cold. 很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。____________________________________________ ◆进行式（not）to be doing 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 他假装在学习。_______________________________________________________________ 二、动词不定式的语法功能 （一）作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 ____________________________________________________________________ ★常用的动词有afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, fail, happen, help, learn, long（渴望）, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish… 2）动词+疑问词+ to Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
英语动词不定式大全
英语动词不定式大全 动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法: 一。带to的不定式结构 1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 等。 2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。 二。不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: 1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。 3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。 "Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如: Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。 Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休
动词不定式用法经典例句总结知识分享
动词不定式用法例句总结
定义 （语态）动词和参与此动作的主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语 态； 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party. （不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited 是被邀请）It was impossible for lost time to be made up. （不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country. （不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired? （不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be exam in ed. （不定式作状语） My work is to clea n the room every day. （不定式作表语） 在There be 结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of （to be taken care of）. 但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：There is noth ing to do now.（ We have nothi ng to do no w.） There is nothing to be done no w.（We can do nothing no w.） 形式 1）现在式：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之 后。一般为：动词+ to do sth He seems to know this. I hope to see you aga in. = I hope that r II see you aga in. 我希望再见至M尔。 2）完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 rm sorry to have give n you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3）进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eat ing someth ing. 4）完成进行式： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来 疑问词 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how 语等。如： ①W hen to leave for London has not bee n decided yet. ② Mr. Smith did n't know whether to leave or stay there. ③ I asked Professor Xu how to lear n En glish well. ④The questi on was where to get the medici ne n eeded. 以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的 could lear n ......... 后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 （不定式在句子中做主语） （不定式在句子中做宾语） （不定式在句子中做直接宾语） （不定式在句子中表语） 从句形式。如：①When we shall leave …③? -how I
不定式用法讲解
高中英语语法讲解不定式 （The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1 2 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
小学英语不定式用法总结
不定式作主语 1)It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。