初二英语笔记大纲

初二英语笔记整理

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

一、重点语法：不定代词的用法

1. someone, anybody, anyone, no one, everyone指人；Something, anything, nothing, everything指物；

2. something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句中。

3. 复合不定代词+形容词

4. 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。

例如. Would you like something to eat？

当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。

【典型例题】

1. I am hungry. I want ___B___ to eat.

A. anything

B. something

C. everything

D. nothing

2. --Do you have___D_to say for yourself? --No, I have _____to say.

A. something; everything

B. nothing; something

C. everything; anything

D. anything; nothing

二、重点短语

1.go on vacation 去度假

2.stay at home 待在在家

3.go to the mountains 去爬山

4.go to the beach 去沙滩

5.visit museums 参观博物馆

6.go to summer camp 去夏令营

7.quite a few 相当多，不少

8. go out 出去

9.most of the time大多数时间

10.taste good 尝起来不错 11.have a good time 玩得高兴 12.of course 当然

13.go shopping 去购物14.walk around…到处走走 15.too many太多

16.because of 因为 17.one bowl of 一碗···18.take quite a few photos 拍一些照片

19.something important 重要的事情 https://www.360docs.net/doc/9216075002.html,e up 升起 21.find out 查明，找出

22.keep a diary 写日记 23.go on 继续

三、重点句型

1. ---Where did you go on vacation? ---I went to New York City.

2. ---Did you go out with anyone? --No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.

3. ---Did you buy anything special? --Yes, I bought something for my father. ---No, I bought nothing.

4. ---How was the food? ---Everything tasted really good.

5. ---Did everyone have a good time? ---Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.

四、重点单词用法

1. buy sth for sb. / buy sb. sth 为某人买某物

2. seem + (to be) +形容词看起来…

3. arrive in + 大地点arrive at + 小地点到达某地

4. decide to do sth. 决定做某事

5. try doing sth. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事

6. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

7. start doing sth. 开始做某事

8. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

9. so+形容词+that+从句如此…以至于

10 feel like doing sth./want to do sth./would like to do sth. 想要做某事

11. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 12. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

一、语法归纳：频度副词

概念：频度副词是用来表示动作发生频率的词，常用来表示不确定时间，主要包括always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, ever, never等，如果表示具体频度次数，可采用次数加单位时间。例如：

once a week 一周一次 twice a month 每月两次

常用频度副词的区别

always 意为“总是，永远”，表示频度最高。

usually意为“通常”，即很少有例外，多用于一般现在时。

often意为“经常”，在频度上不如usually那么频繁。 sometimes意为“有时，偶尔”。hardly ever 意为“几乎不，很少”，表示否定意义。never 意为“从来没有，绝不”，表示否定意义。

以上几个频度副词所表示的频度，从高到低为：

always→uaually→often→sometimes→hardly ever→never

二、难点讲解：

1.How often do you exercise？你多久锻炼一次？

（1）“how often”是对表示频度的时间状语的提问，可翻译为“多久（一次）”。

例如： Eg:How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？

【拓展】与how有关的短语：

How long 意为“多久、多长时间”, 是对一段时间进行提问,答语（for）three +时间段,它可用于各种时态.

Eg：—How long were you not at school last year?去年你多久没上学?

—About two weeks.约两周.

How soon意为“还要多久”,是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问,答语是“in + 一段时间”.

“since + 具体时间”,

如：---How long are you feeling like this? 像这样已经多久了?

---Since last night.从昨晚到现在.

Eg:—How soon can you finish the work?还要多久你能完成这项工作?

—In half an hour.半小时后.

How far. “多远”,询问路程、距离.如：How far is it from here to school? 从这儿到学校有多远

2.be good for 意为“对……有益”，其反义词组为be bad for, 意为“对……有害”。

例如：Eg:Eating too much meat isn’t good for you.吃太多肉对你并没有好处。

【拓展】be good to 对……友好（和善），be good at擅长，善于

3.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.

通过上网或看娱乐节目放松是好的，但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。

(1)It’s good to do sth. 意为“做某事好”，它是“It’s+adj.+to do sth.”句型的一种形式，it作形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语。例如：

Eg:It’s good to run in the morning. 早上跑步是好的。

(2)the best way to do sth.意为“做某事最好的方法”，其中to do sth.是动词不定式作后置定语，也可表达为the best way of doing sth.例如：

Eg:I have a good way to do with the problem.我有一个处理这个问题的好方法。

4.the other:其余的，另外的

妙辨异同：other：不能单独使用，永爱修饰可数名词的复数

The other：one……the other……:一个……另一个……

Others: some……others“一些……另一些”

The others: 一定范围内除去一个活一部分后，余下的人或事物的全部

5.popular(受欢迎的，流行的)——unpopular(不受欢迎的)

be popular with: 受……的欢迎

6.busy: be busy doing sth/be busy with with:忙于做某事

7.full:忙的例：He is too full today,他今天太忙了

慢的，充满的 be full of:充满…的例：The box was full of books

8.spend:（v）花费（时间，金钱）“spend+时间+with sb”和某人呆了多长时间

spend+time/money+on(sth)/in doing sth: 某人在某物/在做某事上花费时间/金钱9.Afraid(adj):害怕的，犯愁的；

用法：a.be afraid to do sth: Tom is afraid to walk alone at night

B.be afraid of doing sth: Jack is afraid of having PE class

C. Be afraid of sth/sb: Jane is afraid of dogs

10.I go to the movies maybe once a month.我大概一个月去看一次电影。

maybe意为“大概，或许”，表示推测，通常用于句首，在句中作状语。

例如：maybe she’s at home.或许她在家里。

三、重点短语

1. help with housework 帮助做家务

2. on weekends 在周末 on weekdays 在工作日

3. how often 多少一次

4. hardly ever 几乎从不

5. once a week 一周一次

6. twice a month 一月两次

7. go to the movies 去看电影

8. every day 每天

9. use the Internet 上网 10. be free=have time 有空11. be good for 对….有好处 12. stay up late 熬夜 13. at least 至少 14.in one’s free time 在某人的空余时间里 15. old habits die hard 旧习难改 16.less than 少于 17. the answer to…···的答案 18. teeth cleaning 牙齿清洁 19. the most popular 最受欢迎的 20.one to three times a week 一周一至三次

【典型例题】

1．—_C___do you surf the Internet ? —Once a week.

A.How

B.How old

C.How often

D.How many times

2.-- ___A___does it take you to watch TV? ---About forty minutes.

A. How long

B. How much

C. How often

D. How many

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister

【语法】：形容词比较级做题关键是找到两者的比较之处，than是重点

一、比较级表示法

much/far/a lot, even ,still ,a little/a bit …修饰比较级,表示程度.

⑴“A+谓语+as+形容词原级+as+B”表示A和B同等程度。

Eg： I'm not as tall as he.我没有他高。

(2)“A+谓语+形容词比较级+than+B”表示A超过B。

eg. The first is better than the second．第一个比第二个好。

(3) “the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示B随着A的增长程度而平行增长,译为“越…越…”。

eg. The busier I am,the happier I feel.我越忙,越高兴。

The lazier you are,the poorer you will be.你越懒,就越穷。

(4) “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”。

eg. As he got older,he became more and more fond of comfort.

随着年龄的增长,他越来越喜欢安逸。

The summer is coming,it is getting hotter and hotter.夏天来了,天气越来越热。Things are getting better and better.情况一天比一天好起来。

(5) A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B

A+谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/weight of+B

eg. Asia is four times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大3倍。

This desk is twice the size of that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍大。

（6）表示两者之间的选择,可用“Which/Who … + 比较，…or…?”.

eg：Who runs faster, he or she?

（表示不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than…”）

【典型例题】:

1）---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes,I'm fine now.

A.any well

B. any better

C. quite good

D. quite better

答案：B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.more

B. much more

C. much

D. more much

答案：C. much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案.

二、构成法

1.单音节词末尾加-er great——greater

2.单音节词如以-e结尾,只加-r brave——braver

3.闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写该辅音字母,再加-er big —bigger

4.少数以-y,-er,-ow, -ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er,(以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为i,再加-er；以-e结尾的词仍只加-r happy——happier clever ——cleverer

5.其他双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more difficult—— more difficult

三、重点短语、句型

1. more outgoing更外向

2. as…as…与……一样……

3. be talented in music有音乐天赋

4. the same as 和……相同；与……一致

5. be different from 与……不同

6. care about关心；在意

7. be like a mirror像一面镜子 8. as long as只要；既然

9. be similar to与……相像的/类似的 10. bring out使显现;使表现出

11. reach for one’ hand伸手帮某人一把 12.in fact事实上；实际上

13. make friends交朋友 14. touch one’s heart 感动某人

15. be good at擅长…… 16. call…at…拨打…找… 17. laugh at 嘲笑

1. ---Is Tom smarter than Sam? ---No, he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.

2. ---Are you as friendly as your sister? ---No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.

3. ---Does Tara work as hard as Tina? ---Yes, she does.

4. ---Who’s more hardworking at school? ---Tina thinks she works harder than me.

Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater?

一、【语法】：形容词或副词最高级

形容词或副词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较，在表示最高程度，即其中一个在某方面“最...”时使用，最高级前一般要加定冠词the，副词的最高级前省略the，句子中常含有表示比较范围的介词of或in. Of 后边一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词。In后边一般接表示单位或场所的名词。

形容词最高级三种特殊的用法：

1）序数词后用最高级。在表达“第几”（长，大，远...）时，序数词后用形容词的最高级。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大长河。

2）在表达“最...的...之一”时，用最高级，一般构成“one of the +形容词的最高级”

形式。

Bei jing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京市中国最大的城市之一。

3)在表达“某人的最...”时，用“某人的+形容词最高级+名词”结构。

Linda is my younger sister’s best friend.琳达是我妹妹最好的朋友。

4）形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。

例如：He is the laziest (student) in our class.

5）表示三者或三者以上比较,可用”Which/Who … +最高级,…,…or …?”表示.

Who is the tallest, Tom , Mike , or Jack?

二、构成：

形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化

a.一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词比较级直接加-er, 最高级直接加-est。如：

clever— cleverest smal—smallest young—youngest

b. 以-e 结尾的形容词，比较级+ -r,最高级+ -st。如：

large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest

c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i +er或+est。

busy——busiest heavy——heaviest easy——easiest

d. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再 +est。如： big—biggest thin—thinnest fat—fattest hot—hottest

e. 多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前+more 构成比较级，+ most 构成最高级。如：important—most important beautiful— most beautiful difficult——most difficult 口诀：

最高级，很容易，一般词尾加est。 (cheap-the cheapest)

词尾若有哑音e, 直接就加st。(close-the closest)

重读闭音节，单辅音字母要双写。(big-the biggest)

辅音字母加y, 记得把y变为i。(friendly-the friendliest)

多音节，考考你，the most到底加哪里？(popular-the most popular)

三、重点短语、句型

1. movie theater电影院

2. be close to…离……近

3. so far到目前为止表示时间，经常与完成时连用

4. no problem 没问题，不客气

5. 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程

It’s +基数词+minutes’/hours’+walk/ride from...to...从...步行/骑车...多少分钟6. have a talent for有..的天赋 7. have…in common有共同特征

8. around the world世界各地；全世界 9. more and more……越来越……

10. and so on等等 11. all kinds of……各种各样的

12. be up to是……的职责；由……决定 13. make up编造（故事、谎言等）

14. play a role发挥作用；有影响 15. for example例如

16. take…seriously认真对待17. come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到

18.Thanks /Thank you for doing sth. 因做某事而感谢

19. watch sb do sth.观看某人做某事

20.What do you think of...？你认为...怎么样？

21.It’s +adj for sb. to do sth.对某人来说干...是...的。

It’s +adj of sb. to do sth.

四、【典型例题】

1.As we know,the Yangtze River is one of ____rivers in the world.

A.long

B.longer

C.longest

D.the longest

2. Who does homework ______ in your class?

A. carefully

B. most carefully

C. more carefully

D.as carefully as

3. Jack has three friends. Mike is the ______ of the four.

A. most cleverest

B. more clever

C. cleverest

D. clever

4. Which is ______ country, China, Australia, America or Russia?

A. large

B. the larger

C. largest

D. the largest

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新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结 Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳 1.too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息 8.without thinking twice 没多想 9.get off 下车 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院11.wait for等待12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的thanks to多亏于；由于 14.in time及时 15.think about 考虑 16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情19.fall down 摔倒 20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命 26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定31.be in control of 掌管；管理 32.give up 放弃用法归纳 1.need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 3.ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 5.agree to do sth 想要做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 7.want to do sth 想要做某事 8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 9.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 https://www.360docs.net/doc/9216075002.html,e sth to do sth用某物去做某事11.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 12.seem to do sth 好像做某事 13.keep on doing sth 继续做某事 14.mind doing sth 介意做某事语法点

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10. go skating 去滑冰 11. be able to 能，会 12. on vacation 度假 13. the World Cup 世界杯 14. keep a pet pig 饲养一头宠物猪 15. job interview 工作面试 16. fly to 飞往 17. come true 实现，成为现实 18. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 19. one’s own …某人自己的…… 20. science fiction movies 科幻影片 21. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事 22. hundreds of 数百，成百上千的 23. the same as 和……相同 24. wake up 醒来；唤醒 25. talk to/with 和……交谈 26. try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事 27. get bored 变得厌倦 28. over and over (again) 一次又一次，再三地 1.对自己，他人以及环境的未来发展进行预测。 2. 了解一些科学常识。1能听懂接近正常语速，熟悉话题的语段，识别主题，获取主要信息。

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、根据所听的内容，选择正确答案，每段对话听两遍。 6. How many girls are there in the boy’s class? A. 32 B. 28 C. 60 7. Can the man park his car here? A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know. 8. What does Simon mean? A. He is full now, he can’t eat anythi ng. B. He will eat more things. C. He will have something to eat later. 9. How much is a sweater if I buy two? A. 45 B. 90 C. 50 10. Why does the man want to change his shirt? A. Because it is too small. B. Because it is out of style. C. Because he doesn’t like its colour. C、听短文，选择正确答案，听两遍。 11. My family lived in _______ before I was 12 years old. A. the city B. town C. the mountains 12. I spent ______ walking to school every morning. A. half an hour B. one hour C. one and a half hours 13. I could meet _______ on the way to school. A. my friends B. my parents C. nobody 14. There were ______ students in my class.

初二英语上册知识点总结

1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today?你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？ ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2.What...? 是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而Which...? 是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色？（有特定的范围） 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China?哪些图片来自中国？ 4) 频度副词的位置