2017届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第二讲代词新人教版
第二讲代__词
单句语法填空
1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.
2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s me/mine (I)”．
4．(2014·广东高考语法填空)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination.
5．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually caught fire and burned.
6．(2015·陕西高考改编)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.
一、人称代词
形式句法功能主
格
I, we, you, he, she, it, they 主要用作主语，有时用作表语
宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them
作动词或介词的宾语；口语中常用宾格
作表语
①She was beautiful and could run faster than others. 她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
②Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy. 让我迎接挑战，我会欣然接受。
二、物主代词
形式句法功能形容词性
物主代词
my, our, your, his, her, its, their 作定语
名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its,
theirs
作主语、宾语或表语
他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。
三、反身代词
形式句法功能myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves
作宾语、表语或同位语
那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。
—————————————————————————————————————
含有反身代词的习惯用语：
by oneself独自地for oneself亲自
come to oneself苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself自己穿衣
behave yourself举止规矩有礼devote oneself to致力于
apply oneself to专心致志于help oneself to随便吃/用
enjoy oneself玩得开心seat oneself就座，入席
make yourself at home别客气teach oneself自学
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
四、指示代词
指示代词用法
this/thes
e
指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物
that/thos
e
指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文提到过的人或物
such 指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数
so 代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe, think, [名师指津]
expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点
①The quality of ed ucation in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015·天津高考单选)
这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。
②Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.(2012·浙江高考单选)
研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
③Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.
我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。
④—Is James coming tonight?
—I think so, but I’m not sure.
——詹姆斯今晚会来吗？
——我想会的，但我不能肯定。
五、不定代词
(一)不定代词的基本用法
不定代词用法
each/both/all each指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”
either/neither either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”
none/nothing none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无，没有一点”；nothing表示“没有任何东西，没有事”
another another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”
other/others other泛指“其余的，另外的”，只作定语。other＋可数名词复数＝others
the other/ the others the other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。the other＋可数名词复数＝the others
important to me.
因为这两本字典有用，我把两本字典都带上，每一本对我而言都很重要。
②—Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?
—I’m sorry. Neither will suit me. I’ll be away on business during that period.
——星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗？
——对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。
③You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
④Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.
除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。
(二)复合不定代词的用法
某……任何……每个……；
所有……
没有……
人someone/
somebody
anyone/
anybody
everyone/
everybody
no one/
nobody
物something anything everything nothing
他说的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。
②This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013·安徽高考单选)
这个项目需要密切的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。
(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法
代词用法表示意义含义
few 修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有
a few 修饰可数名词肯定含义几个；一些
little 修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有
a
little
修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点
many 修饰可数名词肯定含义许多
much 修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多
①Few of us can speak four foreign languages.
我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。
②I have a few friends, but my younger sister has very few.
我有一些朋友，但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。
③She can speak a little French, but she knows little English.
她能讲点法语，但她几乎不懂英语。
六、it的用法
1．it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
2．it指时间、距离、天气等。
It’s 112 miles from London to Birmingham.
从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。
3．it 用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
①It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.
独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without ...为真正的主语)
②No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语，动词不定式to go for ...为真正的宾语)
③He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语，从句when and where ... 为真正的宾语)
[知识积累]
常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式：
It is a pity/shame that ... 真可惜/丢人……
It is no wonder that ... 难怪……
It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看起来……
It looks/seems as if/though ... 看起来好像……
It happens that ... 碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that ...
某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that ...
据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建
议……
It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
主语＋表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike,
appreciate, rely/count on等)＋it＋that/if/when ...
①I would appreciate it if
you take my suggestion into consideration.
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
②It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind.As is known to us all, he is so stubborn.
试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知，他是如此固执。
[典题精选] [我来改正] [常设误点]
①(2015·浙江高考)Close to the
school there was a beautiful
park with many trees around them.
②(2016·太原市模拟)I often watched them carefully so as to learn his techniques. ①them→it
②his→their
(1)代词单复数的错用
人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词
等都有单复数之分，要根据上下文
确定单复数。
①(2013·陕西高考)We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
②(2016·太原市测评)I’ve always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in English-speaking countries like your to practise and improve my English. ①ours→our
②your→yours
(2)物主代词的错用
①形容词性物主代词相当于形容
词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名
词；
②名词性物主代词相当于名词，常
单独使用，不能修饰名词。
①(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)He had
a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful.
②(2016·洛阳高三一模)First of all, you should respect you or no one would respect you. ①himself →him
②第二个
you→yourself/
yourselves
(3)反身代词与人称代词的错用
①反身代词是指代主语的，使动作
的发出者把动作反射到本人身上；
②若所用代词与主语不一致，就要
用人称代词而不用反身代词。
①(2015·陕西高考)I wanted to ①anything→(4)不定代词的错用
do anything special for him at
his retirement party.
②(2015·四川高考)It’s been
three Saturdays now and it
really costs me many.
③(2013·浙江高考)Dad lost his
job, and as Mom explained, “He
was lucky to find other one.”
something
②many→much
③other→anoth
er
①some(thing)与any(thing)：一
般来说前者用于肯定句，后者用于
疑问句和否定句；
②many与much：many代替可数名
词，much代替不可数名词；
③the other与another：表示“两
者中的另一个”用the other，而
表示“(三者以上)另外的一个”
用another。
(2014·四川高考)Hello, boys
and girls! Today, I am going to
talk about what you should do
when a fire alarm goes off ...
If it’s a false alarm and there
is no fire, your teacher will
lead us back to the classroom.
us→□
10you
(5)代词与其所指代的对象不符
代词主要是用来代替其他实义词
或上下文意义的，因此代词应与其
指代的对象相符。否则就会出现代
词指代错误。
[常考题点对点练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·曲阜市三校模拟)It has to wait patiently and pitifully for its owner to claim it, otherwise it’ll remain alone as a deserted umbrella.
2．(2016·三门峡市考前适应性训练)She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
3．(2016·济宁模拟)I just choose a simpler lifestyle, one where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.
4．(2016·威海模拟)Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving to someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite.
5．(2016·长春新高三起点调研)For one thing, it can provide a colorful platform to show their talent. For another,_it is a useful way to release their pressure.
6．(2016·河南省考前质量检测二)The less skin a person has relative to his weight, the easier it is for him to keep warm.
7．(2016·聊城三模)When I was on the airplane, I kept telling myself that I had to be strong when facing any troubles or problems.
8．(2016·三门峡市考前适应性练习)She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please him.
9．(2016·石家庄二模)“Speed up. 70 km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up the traffic，” another voice ordered from the seat next to mine/me (I)．10．(2016·贵州质量检测)When he came to life, he found himself lying on the ground, bleeding in the head.
11．(2016·江西高安中学模拟)I hope my parents won’t try to force me to do their (they) favorite job.
12．(2016·云南第一次检测)Meeting my favorite football star face to face was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2016·南昌调研短文改错)Unluckily, all of the boys got poisoned and had stomachaches with our faces pale.our→their
2．(2016·山西四校第二次联考短文改错)I sincerely hope you can give us a chance. I’m looking forward to your early https://www.360docs.net/doc/923672165.html,→me
3．(2016·河南洛阳统考短文改错)I just smiled to me and thought “What can I do? They are guests after all.”me→myse lf
4．(2016·兰州模拟短文改错)Twenty-six percent of the students say that English stories are his favorite.his→their
5．(2016·云南第一次统一检测短文改错)Shortly after he arrived in Germany, he found easy to steal subway rides.found后加it
6．(2016·长春质量监测二短文改错)I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position as a secretary of English. Here I would like to introduce me briefly.me→myself
7．(2016·大连双基测试短文改错)In my opinion, this is our duty to help those who are in trouble.this→it
8．(2016·江西九江三模短文改错)Mysterious and classic decorations from the owners’ collection make that more pleasant for drinkers to sit there and enjoy fine tea.that→it
[高考题型综合练]
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2016·甘肃普通高中第一次联考)The truth __1__ trees are vital to our life is
not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most __2__ (important), oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list —blocking out harmful bacteria from water.
The discovery __3__ (make) by a team consisting of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students __4__ were seeking a natural water filter — one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have __5__ (accessible) to modern water filter systems.
The __6__ (research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles.
They began by cutting 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people related then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water __7__ (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through. __8__ their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles. __9__ (encourage), the team conducted __10__ experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.
语篇解读：树木对于我们的日常生活非常重要。它们不仅给我们提供食物、木材，最重要的是它们还给我们提供生存必需的氧气。除此之外，树木对于我们的生活还有一个非常重要的作用，即它们可以阻止有害细菌进入我们的水源。
1．that 考查同位语从句。“__1__ trees are vital t o our life”作The truth 的同位语，所填词在同位语从句中不作句子成分，故用that。
2．importantly 考查副词。most importantly(最重要的是)置于句首，修饰后面的整个句子，相当于It is the most important that ...
3．was made 考查时态和语态。本句在讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时；主语the discovery与make为被动关系，故用被动语态。
4．who/that 考查定语从句。先行词为high school students，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用who/that引导。
5．access 考查动词短语。have access to“接近，可以利用”。
6．researchers 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知此处应该填入名词复数researchers。此处指“这些由Professor Rohit Karnik带领的研究人员”。
7．containing 考查非谓语动词。water与contain是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
8．To 考查介词短语。to one’s amazement“使某人吃惊的是”。
9．Encouraged 考查非谓语动词。encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。
10．another 考查代词。上文已说到他们做了一个实验，此处表示受到第一个实验结果的鼓舞，他们又做了一个实验。another“另一，再一”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2016·长春外国语学校高三期末)A survey basing on 1,000 students found that 80% of senior students sleep less than nine hours every night. One main reason lies at students’ bad habits. Too much homework is given by school teachers is another main cause. Some students are absent-minded while doing their homework, and some wasting their after-class time. The third cause is tha t some students have to get up earlier on weekday to get to school that was far away from home. Experts think an amount of homework for the students should be cut down. Beside, teachers should encourage their students make good use of their spare time. Only in this way can the students improve our study efficiency.
答案：第一句：basing→based
第二句：at→in
第三句：去掉第一个is
第四句：wasting→waste
第五句：weekday→weekdays; was→is
第六句：an→the
第七句：Beside→Besides; make前加to
第八句：our→their
高考英语语法专题复习--代词
高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点： 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格，如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格，如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等)： 人称代词的用法: 注：(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时，用主格： ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格： “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个？”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化： I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序：单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I； 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即 we, you and they：You, he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前： Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是，you and I 是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语： These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前，作定语；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语：His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔，我的在铅笔盒里。 注：(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语： Mind your own business. 别管闲事。
新初中英语语法知识—代词的分类汇编含答案
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