跨文化商务交际案例分析
跨文化商务交际案例分析
How much is Hard Work?
Abstract:
In the intercultural business communication, Eastern and western people usually face a cultural conflict, because of the differences in values, culture and the different methods of behavior. This text embarks from the different features of culture between China and the United States, analyzing the failure of cross-cultural communication, and puts forward that the international business communication researchers should consciously cultivate their cross-cultural awareness, enhance the sensitivity of cultural differences, promote the integration of local culture and foreign culture, and decrease or even eliminate faults in the international business communication, in order to promote international business success.
摘要：
在跨文化商务交际中，东西方民族常常会因为价值观念、文化积淀以及思维、行为方式的不同而遭遇文化冲突。本文从中美文化的不同特点出发，针对跨文化交际失败的原因进行了分析，提出国际商务交际人员应自觉培养自身的跨文化意识，增强文化差异的敏感性，促进本土文化与外来文化的整合，减少乃至消除国际商务交际中的失误，促使国际商务成功开展。
Keywords:
Intercultural business communication, cultural conflict, cross-cultural awareness
关键词:跨文化商务交际、文化冲突、跨文化意识
Case: A team of four Chinese from a large prestigious organization were in Honolulu for ten days to meet with six American colleagues from several different US universities. The ten scholars were getting together to finish up a project that they had been working on together for more than three years. The data had been collected, with great effort and many bureaucratic tangles, in several villages in central China. The Chinese team had been tireless and super-humanly patient in working out every problem so that the data collection had been extremely successful.
The researchers had been working separately for nearly a year on analysis, reports and papers based on their data. The Americans felt very lucky to have obtained the financial and institutional support to give the group an opportunity to get together one last time—this time in the US—to read each other's papers, work out problems with the analysis of data, fill in missing bits of information that "the other side" had, and to make sure that everything had been handled in a politically sensitive way. They were to meet for ten days in Honolulu.
The Chinese delegation arrived on Friday morning and was installed in a comfortable, inexpensive hotel in Waikiki. When the Americans arrived last in the afternoon everyone was eager to talk about what they had been doing and to begin to work. They met for dinner and got right down to business at the home of one of the researchers, who had recently taken a job at the University of Hawaii. Since everyone was tired from travelling, they quit at ten o'clock, the Chinese were becoming very distracted. The interpreter, Yang Bing, a Chinese who had been in the US about six years and was married to an American, suggested that everyone break for lunch, but he was ignored. The Americans called out for pizza at two and kept arguing, writing, calculating, and discussing straight through the late meal. At seven, the Chinese were sent back to their hotel at their request; the Americans didn't get back to the hotel until ten.
Sunday was, as planned, another work day. The Chinese participated actively in the discussion in the morning, and after lunch, which at Yuan Bing's urging was served at one o'clock. By six, however, the Chinese were anxious to return to their hotel, though the Americans were equally anxious to keep working. On Monday morning, the Chinese announced that they were taking the afternoon off. The Americans were rather annoyed, since they felt pressured to get as much as possible accomplished in the short time they had together, but they agreed to arrange a car for the Chinese.
The next two days the Chinese worked hard and cheerfully all morning and into the evening, though they insisted on taking off a full hour for lunch at noon, and another for dinner promptly at six, even when they were in the middle of something. The Americans lunched on doughnuts and fruit provided at the conference center and kept on working. The interpreter could sense tension and resentment building between the two groups. Finally in Wednesday morning, the Chinese told the interpreter to announce that they were going to spend the last 48 hours sightseeing. The Americans were clearly dismayed, and protested. Yuan Bing decided it was time to stop outside his role of interpreter and intervene.
例子：中国一家知名研究机构的四位学者来到了夏威夷火奴鲁鲁，他们将在这里待十天，同来自美国几所大学的六位研究同事进行学术交流，完成一项他们已经共同研究了三年的项目。研究材料的收集工作是由这四位中国学者在华中的几个村子里进行的。他们不辞劳苦，成功地收集并整理了该学术合作项目所需要的所有材料。
在来夏威夷之前，这些学者已经进行了一年的单独研究，就各自掌握的材料进行分析，整理报告，撰写论文。美方学者为十位研究同事能够最后一次聚
会-这次是在美国-感到很高兴，这样他们得以研读对方的论文，填补那些已方
没有但中方学者已经收集到的学术信息。
中方学术代表团是周五上午到达的，在Waikiki的一家便宜又舒适的宾馆
住下。美国学者周五下午到达，他们一到便急着要求开始讨论各自的研究成果。一起吃过晚饭后，学者们便在其中一位在夏威夷大学从事研究工作的学着家中
开始了讨论。由于当天旅途劳累，晚上十点讨论结束。但是周六上午九点讨论
重新开始。研讨会开到下午一点时，中方学者已经很难集中精神了。研讨会的
翻译袁兵（在美国已待了六年，其爱人是美国人）提议先停下来吃午饭，但是
没有被采纳。两点，美国学者叫了披萨饼，匆匆吃完又继续讨论直到晚饭时间。七点，在中国学者的要求下，他们先被送回了宾馆，而美国学者之后又继续讨论，知道十点才各自回去。
按照会议的安排，周日不休息。在上午的讨论中，中国学者积极参与。在
翻译的催促下，午饭是一点提供的，但是下午的讨论中中国学者表现得没有上
午积极了。到了六点，虽然美国学者都还着急要继续讨论，中国学者都急着要
回宾馆了。周一上午讨论时，中国学者首先声明他们那天下午要休息，为此美
国学者有点恼了，因为他们觉得时间紧迫，希望能在这十天时间里完成尽可能
多的学术任务。虽然如此，他们那天下午还是为中国学者安排一辆车。
接下来的两天，中国学者从早到晚都身心愉悦地参与了讨论，他们唯一的
要求就是在中午十二点和晚上六点时研讨会准时中止，留出一小时进行午餐和
晚餐。而美国学者午饭仅吃会议中心提供的炸面包圈和水果，而且是吃完便继
续讨论。翻译可以明显感觉到中美双方学者之间的关系越来越紧张。最后，在
周三上午，中国学者要求翻译宣布他们将从周五中午开始结束研讨会，余下的
48小时他们将用来进行观光旅游。美国学者感到很失望，并且提出了抗议。这
时翻译袁兵决定出来调节矛盾了。
分析：在本案例中，来自中国的四位学者和来自美国的六位学者来到夏威夷，
他们计划用十天的时间来讨论一个共同的研究项目。尽管他们都认为自己已经
非常努力地工作了，但在讨论进行的几天内，还是出现了诸多矛盾，甚至最后
居然到了似乎不可调和的地步。
双方在夏威夷的矛盾冲突主要源于对何为“努力工作”的看法不一。美国
人认为，只要能够在计划时间之内完成工作，他们可以放弃正常的吃饭时间，
可以在办公室边吃快餐边工作，可以工作到很晚，可以周末加班；而中国人认为。工作于生活应该兼顾，工作时间努力工作，但必须要保证正常的吃饭和休
息时间。可是双方都无法接受对方的立场，直至最后陷入僵局。
美国学者的敬业精神令人敬佩，出个人能力、身体素质、工作态度等因素
之外，我们还可以从更深的文化层面找到原因。在美国，和崇尚个人主义、平等、竞争等文化特征一样，努力工作也是有历史原因的，当欧洲殖民者开始踏
上美洲这块荒凉的土地时，要想生存，首先必须要勤奋工作，到达美洲的清教
徒奉行的首要原则即是克服一切艰难险阻，在那里建立自己的家园。案例中的几位美国学者正是奉行了“努力工作”的原则，为了在短暂的几天之内和中国学者进行顺利地讨论和沟通，他们似乎只要工作，而不要生活了，而这点正是中国学者无法理解的。
中国学者和美国学者在夏威夷碰面之前，双方就应该对对方的工作习惯有个初步的了解：如果在事先进行了了解比较困难，那么在第一天工作之后，发现双方在工作时间与吃饭、休息时间的安排差异较大时，就应该进行坦诚地沟通，然后商量可能让双方都满意的工作方式，这样也许可以避免后来矛盾的发展。
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9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美（西）家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪
6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较
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跨文化交际案例分析
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跨文化商务谈判案例
跨文化商务谈判案例 跨文化商务谈判案例在澳大利亚布里斯班市有一家大公司，该公司的员工来自23个不同国家和地区。由于语言、风俗习惯、价值观等千差万别使员工平时的沟通很不顺畅，误解抱怨和纠纷不断。于是人力资源部的培训经理就对这些员工进行集中培训。 考虑到这些员工大都是新雇员，培训经理首先向他们介绍了公司发展的历程及现状，并向他们解释员工守则及公司惯例，然后做问卷调查。该调查要求这些员工列出公司文化与母语国文化的不同，并列举出自进公司以来与同事在交往中自己感受到的不同态度、价值观、处事方式等，还要写出个人对同事、上司在工作中的心理期待。问卷结果五花八门，其中最有趣的是，来自保加利亚的一位姑娘抱怨说，她发现所有同事点头表示赞同，摇头表示反对，而在保加利亚则刚好相反，所以她很不习惯。公司一位斐济小伙子则写道，公司总裁来了，大家为表示敬意纷纷起立，而他则条件反射地坐到地上——在斐济表示敬意要坐下。培训经理将问卷中的不同之处一一分类之后，再让这些员工用英语讨论，直到彼此能较好的相互理解在各方面的不同之处。经过培训，这些员工之间的沟通比以前顺畅多了，即使碰到障碍，也能自己按照培训经理的做法解决了。 案例分析
案例中员工沟通出现的问题，主要源自跨文化沟通的障碍。而跨文化沟通的障碍主要来自三个方面：语言和非语言、信仰和行为、文化的多样性。培训经理很好的认识到了这三方面的问题，他首先向员工们介绍了公司发展的历程及现状，并向他们解释员工守则及公司惯例，为在全体员工之间形成一个通用的价值理念奠定基础。然后通过问卷调查和员工之间的深入交流，发现并解决因为语言、风俗习惯等文化差异造成的公司与员工以及员工之间的沟通障碍。这些举措首先充分尊重了员工的母语国文化和员工个人的人格尊严，并且采用互动反馈的方式激发员工参与解决问题的积极性。其次，这些措施在解决现有问题的同时，还教会员工在相互尊重和积极交流的前提下，发现并解决沟通问题的途径，可以说是“既授之以鱼，又授之以渔”，进而形成一个解决沟通障碍的良性循环。因此，培训经理成功地促成了企业、员工之间的跨文化沟通。 跨文化商务谈判技巧首先,在国际商务谈判中,要培养和加强谈判者的跨文化交际的意识。“跨文化交际学这一学科带有明显的实用性特征。它更多的是一门应用性的、‘形而下’的学科。它有着操作性强、实证价值高、实用意义大的优点。”(高一虹,2000:187)的确,跨文化交际学有着广泛的应用性,可以应用于国际商务谈判中。跨文化谈判是一种属于不同文化的不同思维方式、感情方式和行为方式的谈判;而且谈判过程涉及到了不同文化规范中未被意识到的力量,而这种力量可能会削弱有效的沟通和交流。因此跨文化谈判更加具有挑战性。除了基础的谈判技巧之外,理解文化差异并确定相应的技巧非常重要。此外,有了跨文化
跨文化交际案例分析答题技巧
汉硕案例分析答题技巧 最近很多人问关于汉语国际教育考试中的案例分析题该怎样答，我根据自己的粗浅经验，现总结如下： 1.答题思路：按照发现问题-- 分析问题-- 解决问题的思路。具体如下：（1）发现问题：也就是提出问题。在所给的案例中，某个出国教汉语的志愿者教师或来中国教外语的外教等，遇到了什么样的困难。遇到的困难可能是课堂教学时的，比如学生上课都不积极回答问题，不愿意参与老师精心设计的课堂活动，或者问老师一些可能涉及到“隐私”的问题；也可以是这位老师在生活上遇到的问题，比如无法与当地人沟通或交流（语言障碍，文化障碍），无法适应当地人的生活，或不理解当地人做某事时为什么会采取那样的方式，等等。注意：遇到的问题可能是多方面的，要从多角度分析，一般情况下，也不只是一个问题，所以，要按条来答。 （2）分析问题：要求你具体分析一下这位老师或某人遇到这种困难是什么原因引起的，主要是文化方面的原因，可能还涉及到一些他所采用的文化策略等。比如，他由于对对方国家文化不了解，对方国家可能很注重“隐私”，而在我们国家这不被看做是“隐私”。同时要求你分析出我们的母语文化具有什么样的特点，最主要的是和对方国家有什么不一样，哪里不一样，因此造成了他在文化方面的不适应，以至于教学和生活中都出现了问题或遇到了困难。关于他所使用的文化策略，主要就是他自身有没有做到尊重当地的文化，有没有试着去融入这种文化，接受这种文化，还是一味的采取排斥策略，认为自己的一切都好，别人的一切都不好。这就是分析问题了。 （3）解决问题：这是最关键的部分了。怎么解决他遇到的问题或困难？你自己提出个对策就行了，当然，要根据一些你所知道的文化常识和应对策略。比如首先尊重当地文化，多和当地人交流，努力让自己适应当地人的文化和生活方式，做到求同存异，等等。这里需要注意的就是，有些文化的知识是很灵活的，比如中国人的谦虚、中庸的思想等等，都是我们日常生活就知道的，就是稍微总结一下，理顺一下，就能答题了。关于这个，如果时间还来得及，就看一下程裕祯的《中国文化要略》，看一下中国文化的特点等，很多东西是很细致的，自己要稍加总结。如果时间不是很充分了，就把刘珣的《对外汉语教育学引论》上的关于“跨文化交际”的那个章节仔细看一下，我觉得应对这道题应该够用了。 2.答题方法：其实思路清晰了就很好弄了，老师会看你的逻辑分析能力。强烈建议大家一定要分条论述，千万别想到哪说到哪，写出一大片，阅卷老师还得自己去给你找点，这样，老师会很疲劳的，老师最不喜欢的就是这种思维混乱的。所以说，大家答题时我觉得可以按两种方法来写： 第一种：按发现问题---分析问题---解决问题来写，一共三条，然后在每条的下边分几个小点，因为发现的问题肯定不止一个，相应的分析问题和解决问题也会不止一条。 第二种：按一共出现了几个问题分条，第一条，问题1：发现问题--分析问题--解决问题；问题2：发现问题--分析问题--解决问题；问题3--以此类推。 总结一下，以上两种方法都各有利弊，因为有时不同的问题是由同一个原因产生的，或者需要同一种解决策略。所以，大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择其中一种。按以上的问题全部分析完以后，最好再来个综述，大致总结一下，字数不用太多，就是有个小结尾。 最后，要跟大家说的是，字数和字迹的问题。这个案例分析要求是1000字以上
外国留学生在中国的跨文化交际案例研究
外国留学生在中国的跨文化交际案例研究由于全球一体化和经济全球化的发展，各国之间的经济合作与往来日益增强。不同文化背景的人们之间的经济合作及国际商务活动也日趋频繁，增强文化理解、克服文化冲突、增强文化沟通与合作就显得尤为重要。近些年来，中国经济与科技的蓬勃发展，中国文化的博大精深，吸引了越来越多的外国留学生来华求学。据我国教育部统计，2008年全国来华留学生总数首次突破了20万。越来越多的各国留学生来中国学习汉语，以便尽快的实现与中国人的交际进而实现与中国人在各个领域实现交流、沟通、合作、共赢。但通过一段时间的学习和交流之后，即使学生有了一定的词汇基础，掌握了基本的语法知识，但仍然常常在交际中遇到难题，有时候甚至搞出很多笑话和严重的文化上的不妥行为，究其根源，是因为留学生们或多或少地存在跨文化交际障碍。其实，对于学习汉语的外留学生来讲，学习汉语不光是只要明白发音，认识汉字，语法等。如果留学生在学习汉语的过程中能对于中国的历史，价值观，风土人情，宗教信仰等因素有适当的了解，就能在很大程度上帮助其学习好汉语并应用于交际。因此，必须加强对来华留学生的跨文化交流研究。 关键词：外国留学生跨文化交际 一、文化和文化差异 跨文化交流，来自不同文化的交流才可以是跨文化交流。不同的文化显然是有差异的，即文化差异的存在。于是，我们应当首先理解“文化”和“文化差异”的意义何在。“文化”一词源远流长，古往
今来，不同的学者从不同的角度和层次对文化进行定义和阐述，反映了文化涵盖内容的广泛和深入，以及人类对于文化研究的重视。英国人类学家泰勒（Edward Burnett Tylor）在其著作《原始文化》一书给文化这样定义：所谓文化或文明乃是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习惯以及其他人类作为社会的成员而获得的种种能力、习性在内的一种复合整体。这主要是从思想和行为层面对文化进行定义，而不少学者认为，文化除了精神文化、方式文化外，还包括物质文化。文化的冰山比喻有助于对文化的全面理解。文化是由显性部分和隐性部分组成的，显性部分即冰山浮出水面的可视部分，是外在直观的事物，隐性部分即冰山水下的不可视部分，例如社会规范、价值观、信念等。本人认为，文化是由人类创造的，特定群体所表现的具有显隐双重性的物质与精神成果及行为方式的总和。显性文化反映和体现了隐性文化，隐性文化驱动和支配着显性文化，两者相互联系和影响，构成有机的统一体。 所谓文化差异，简要地说，即不同国家、民族在文化上的差别。文化差异是复杂多样的，我认为应当从文化显隐性的特点出发，将文化差异分为显性差异与隐性差异。显性差异通过人类改造自然与社会的物质成果表现出来。需要说明的是，语言的不同亦属于显性差异。语言不可视、不可触，却可以听到，它是一个客观存在。隐性差异通过人类改造自然与社会的行为方式、创造的精神成果表现出来。不同文化背景的人在跨文化交流的过程中避免不了文化差异的问题，而文化差异的更深层次会导致文化冲突。
跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132 Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality 案例： When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest! Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy? 分析： 1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest，and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease. 2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully. 3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him. 4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner. Case Two: 案例： Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing. Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.
跨文化商务交际答案
跨文化商务交际答案名词对应。 ( Kinesics )：the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body. (身势)：非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。 ( etiquette )：it refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations. (礼仪): 它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的,在社会和商业管理硕士学位。 (pragmatics) ：it is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication, and the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behaviors. (语用学): 它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际而且该研究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。 (power distance):the degree to which power differences are
expected and accepted by society. (权力距离): 在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。
choices and for resolving conflicts? （价值观）：学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。 (reverse culture shock) :it refers to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to one J s home culture after growing used to a new one? (反向文化冲击)：它指的是“震惊”一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的家居文化体验。 (Recovery stage):a stage of culture shock characterized by gaining some understariding of the new culture? (恢复期)：一阶段的文化冲击获得一些新的文化的理解的特点。(Semantics): it is the study of the meaning of words, a system that relates words to meaning. (语义)：这是含义的话，一个系统，涉及词意义的研究。(Memo):it is a hard-copy docume nt, used for communicating inside an organization, usually short?(备忘录)：这是一个硬拷贝文件，供组织内，通常短暂交流使用。 (proxemics):the study of peopled perception and use of space? (空间关系学)：人们的看法和空间利用研究。 (uncertainty avoidance):the degree to which the society
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析.docx
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析 Case 2 (P8) White Dress 女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. 案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。 Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why . 文化是 像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。文化是像水鱼游 在: 人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文, 但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。 Case 4 (P18) Coconut-skating 椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We Can tell from the CaSe that CUItUre is PerVaSiVe and it 案例分析Ie 这个e事件反映了文化 的特点。我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的,这是学习。 People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture. 人们可能发明东西 甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式从她自己的文化的拖地。 Case 7 (P30) Clean UP the Bathroom! 清理浴室!:CaSe analySiS: CUltUral differenCeS deCide the two StUdentS are going to CommUniCate in different wayS. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。 The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the OtherS CannOt Understand you.中国学生想要美国学生理解底层的手段，他的话,但是美国学生用来 直接的交流方式。这是由文化决定的。在中国文化中,人们想要挽回面子的两个自己和他人,所以 他们不会直接表达自己的想法。然而,在美国,除非你清楚地表达自己,别人不能直接理解你。 Case 8 (P34) She HaS Three HandS 她有三个指针:ThiS CaSe Can refleCt the different CommUniCation StyleS between ChineSe and CanadianS. In weStern CUltUreS, CommUniCation iS the meanS of tranSmitting ideaS. WeStern PeoPle USUally CommUniCate direCtly with eaCh other. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的沟通方式在中国和加拿大人。在西方文化中,沟通是传播方式的想法。西方的人们通常直接彼此通信。 That is why the Canadian in this Case says what is in his mind direCtly in frOnt Of the Chinese wOman withOut hiding anything. While Chinese Culture stresses harmOny and emphasizes the relatiOnships between the COmmuniCatOrs. Chinese peOple view COmmuniCatiOn as a prOCess where all parties are searChing tO develOp and maintain a sOCial relatiOnship. SO the Chinese wOman in this Case tries nOt tO argue With the Can adia n face to face to keep the “ harm OnioUS relati On Sh这就是为什betwee n them. 么加拿大在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海里的正前方的中国女人没有隐瞒任何事。虽然中国 文化强调和谐,强调了沟通者之间的关系。中国人民视图通信作为一个过程,各方正在寻求开发和维护一个社会关系。所以中国女人在这种情况下努力不认为与加拿大面对面保持“和谐关系”他们。 Case 12 (P57) Why Don‘ tYou Eat the Pizza? 你为什么不吃比萨饼?: This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. 种情况下可以反映
《跨文化商务交际》教学大纲
《跨文化商务交际》教学大纲 一、课程教学目标 《跨文化商务交际》为我国高等英语专业商务类的核心课程之一，更是英语专业 教学中的重要理论与实践课程，服务于培养英语专业应用型人才的目标。本课程的主旨是帮助学生解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。通过学习，学生应实现如下目标： 1.知识目标：本课程主要通过对在不同文化背景下各种常见商务活动的操作以及英语语言的应用进行分析，如在不同文化背景下如何建立商务关系、商务接待、时间观念、管理人员与职员的关系，以及对不同文化背景下的国际商人等进行案例分析和讨论。帮助学生解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种困惑，促进学生对英美文化有较为深入的了解，对中西文化之间的差异有敏锐的感知力。 2.能力目标：通过本课程的学习，学生应能够认识语言、文化和交际三者之间的关系；对各类交际形式有所认识；对对象国文化有更进一步的了解，更有效地进行交流; 预料和避免由于不同的文化期望而产生的误解；解释手势和其他形式的体态语；讨论有关文化适应和相容的问题。在跨文化沟通理论的指导下，通过案例学习培养学生的 跨文化交际能力，并能将英语运用于不同的商务操作中，从而提高学生的语言实际运用能力。 3.情感目标：运用跨文化交际学的理论，揭示中国人民与其他国家人民的价值观念主流的差异；重点分析中国人民和其他国家人民在行为方式、交际方式的不同之处以及反映在跨国交流中种种矛盾与冲突；使学生学会用文化的眼光和语言，更好地认识自己、理解他人的文化，尊重他人的习俗。 、课程教学基本要求 通过本门课程的学习，使学生对中西方商务交际、风俗习惯、价值观念等有一个较系统和清楚的了解，并就自己感兴趣的某一领域能够写出较高水平的论文
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版
期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?
国际商务谈判中的文化障碍及案例分析
国际商务谈判中的文化障碍及案例分析 摘要: 随着经济全球化时代的到来，国际间的经济贸易往来与日俱增，谈判已成为国际商务活动的重要环节。国际商务谈判不仅是经济领域的交流与合作，也是文化之间的交流与沟通，而且文化因素的作用至关重要。我国加入世贸组织后，企业和单位所面临的国际商务谈判越来越多。跨文化交际中的文化冲突问题越来越受到人们的关注，因此，我们有必要正确认识不同国家和地区的文化背景及其差异，并在此基础上扬长避短，制定出合理的谈判策略，从而避免冲突的产生或激化，赢得谈判的成功 关键词:文化背景;文化障碍;价值观念 一、国际商务谈判与文化 国际商务谈判是指处于不同国家和地区的商务活动的当事人，为满足各自需要，通过信息交流与磋商争取达到意见一致的行为和过程。谈判主体属于两个或两个以上的国家或地区，谈判者代表了不同国家或地区的利益。同时，它还具有跨文化性。来自不同国家或地区的谈判者有着不同的文化背景，谈判者各方的价值观、思维方式、行为方式、交往模式、语言以及风俗习惯等各不相同，这些文化因素对国际商务谈判的成功与否都将产生直接的影响。既然跨文化交际在国际商务谈判中起着如此重要的作用，那么究竟什么是文化呢?形象地说：文化是“使一类人不同于另一类人的集体的头脑编程。正是他所谓的这种“心灵软件”、“集体程序”使得每个人都是自己文化氛围熏陶下的产物，使得人的行为举止受其文化制约，而文化又是通过人的行为予以体现。从另一个角度来说，这限制了人们对异国文化的理解。对文化差异缺乏敏感的人用自己的文化模式为依据来评价另一种文化中人们的行动、观点、风俗，往往会导致文化冲突。就国际商务谈判而言，如果参与双方来自不同文化的国家或地区，有着不同的价值观和思维方式，这场谈判将不会轻松。对文化差异缺乏了解，准备不足以及处理不当，都会增加商务谈判难度，影响其顺利进行，甚至不欢而散。国际商务谈判是商务活动的重要组成部分，它是跨越国界的活动，是谈判双方就共同感兴趣的商业问题进行磋商以达成共识。来自不同文化背景的谈判者有着不同的交际方式、价值观和思维方式，这就意味着在国际商务谈判中了解各国不同文化，熟悉商业活动的文化差异是非常重要的。
新编跨文化交际案例分析
Unit 5 Culture and Verbal Communication Case 17 When these two men separate, they may leave each other with very different impressions. Mr Richardson is very pleased to have made the acquaintance of Mr Chu and feels they have gotten off to a very good start. They have established their relationship on a first-name basis and Mr Chu‘s smile seemed to indicate that he will be friendly and easy to do business with. Mr Richardson is particularly pleased that he had treated Mr Chu with respect for his Chinese background by calling him Hon-fai rather than using the western name, David, which seemed to him an unnecessary imposition of western culture. In contrast, Mr Chu feels quite uncomfortable with Mr Richardson. He feels it will be difficult to work with him, and that Mr Richardson might be rather insensitive to cultural differences. He is particularly bothered that, instead of calling him David or Mr Chu, Mr Richardson used his given name, Hon-fai, the name rarely used by anyone, in fact. It was this embarrassment which caused him to smile. He would feel more comfortable if they called each other Mr Chu and Mr Richardson. Nevertheless, when he was away at school in North America he learned that Americans feel uncomfortable calling people Mr for any extended period of time. His solution was to adopt a western name. He chose David for use in such situations. Case 18 Even if the American knew Urdu, the language spoken in Pakistan, he would also have to understand the culture of communication in that country to respond appropriately. In this case, he had to say ―No at least three times. In some countries, for instance, the Ukraine, it may happen that a guest is pressed as many as seven or eight times to take more food, whereas in the UK it would be unusual to do so more than twice. For a Ukrainian, to do it the British way would suggest the person is not actually generous. Indeed, British recipients of such hospitality sometimes feel that their host is behaving impolitely by forcing them into a bind, since they run out of polite refusal strategies long before the Ukrainian host has exhausted his/her repertoire of polite insistence strategies. Case 19 Talking about what‘s wrong is not easy for people in any culture, but people in high-context countries like China put high priority on keeping harmony, preventing anyone from losing face, and nurturing the relationship. It seems that Ron Kelly had to learn a different way of sending message when he was in China. At home in Canada he would have gone directly to the point. But in China, going directly to the problem with someone may suggest that he or she has failed to live up to his or her responsibility and the honor of his or her organization is in question. In high-context cultures like China, such a message is serious and damaging. In low-context cultures, however, the tendency is just to ―spit it out, to get it into words and worry about the result later. Senders of unwelcome messages use objective facts, assuming, as with persuasion, that facts are neutral, instrumental, and impersonal. Indirectness is often the way members of high-context cultures choose to communicate about a problem. Case 20 It seems that the letters of request written in English as well as in Chinese by Chinese people are likely to preface the request with extended face-work. To Chinese people, the normal and polite way to form a request requires providing reasons that are usually placed before the requests. Of course, this is just the inverse of English conventions in which requests are fronted without much face-work. In the view of the English-speaking people, the opening lines of Chinese requests and some other speech acts do not usually provide a thesis or topic statement which will orient the listener to the overall direction of the communication. Worst of all, the lack of precision and the failure to address the point directly may lead to suspicions that the Chinese speakers are beating around the bush. To them, the presence of a clear and concise statement of what is to be talked about will make the speech more precise, more dramatic, and more eloquent. However, the Chinese learning and using English in communication may find it difficult to