2020年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案(9)

2020年12月四级考试模拟试卷及答案（9）

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions： There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul — why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends — or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the

starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.

A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him

B) feels he ma y not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctly

C) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend

D) is sorry that his friends let him down

22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.

A) is just being friendly

B) expresses th e same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”

C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to people

D) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words

23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.

A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eye

B) to listen to how he pronounces his words

C) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture

D) not to believe what he says

24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would

____.

A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their

real meaning

B) get along well with people

C) trust what other people say

D) have no doubts about our friends

25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____.

A) avoid mistakes about both money and people

B) say things elegantly

C) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you

D) keep people friendly without trusting them

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：

Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.

You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.

26.The stages of sleep take on ____.

A) an irregular aspect. B) a regular aspect C) a punctual aspect D) a similar aspect

27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.

A) about 80 minutes

B) about 4060 minutes

C) about 30 munutes

D) about 2040 minutes

28.The brain waves are the slowest during ____.

A) stage 1 C) stage 4 B) stage 2 and stage 3 D) REM sleep

29.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____.

A) glare B) move rapidly or suddenly C) stop movingD) gaze

30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.

A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutes

B) you have the deepest sleep

C) there are no brain waves

D) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little active

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage：

Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess. In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series

of moves. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent( 透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to bevirtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as inchess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. Although

this article will be concerned only with the design of photographic lenses, the same principles apply to all lenses.

The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player： the designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the staggering number of possibilities. Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology, information theory,chemistry, industrial engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the lens designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover, their price may lower, in spite of the fact that 19thcentury craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's

lenses are more complex. The lens designer cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he

is also humbled： it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.

31.Lens design and chess playing are similar in that ____.

A) the final goal and the means by which it can be reached are known

B) perfect solutions to a problem can be found

C) any one decision at any point along the way to the

goal can bring numerous possible results

D) both A and C

32.The final goal of designing a lens is ____.

A) to trap the opponent's lenses

B) to focus light with lenses

C) to handmake lenses at low cost

D) to reflect light by means of curved surfaces

33.After the passage the author will talk about ____.

A) the principles of designing lenses

B) techniques of making contact lenses

C) the design of photographic lenses

D) styles of lenses

34.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe today's lenses?

A) More delicate. B) Cheaper. C) Numerous. D) Unpopular.

35.Lens designers today ____.

A) have a large source of help to fall back on B) receive a low salary

C) are less respectable than those of the past D) are not decisive in the lens design

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：

Part Ⅰ starts with a brief introductory chapter and then takes up Style and Organization, covering them in that order because skill or lack of skill in style affects all writing, while much technical writing is so short as to offer no problems of organization. These chapters are followed by one on Mechanics, covering matters of form that are peculiar to technical writing or else crop up in it with abnormal frequency.

The chapter on Special Problems, which follows, performs a dual function. It provides writing assignments that may be used while the study of style, organization, and mechanics is still under way, and it explains ways of handling certain problems that may arise during the writing of reports, proposals, and other longer forms. We have also expanded the treatment of technical articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the article to science and technology.

In Part Ⅱ, a change of emphasis at one point is

reflected in the new title for Chapter 8, Nonformal Reports — Their Variation in Form and Purpose, which was formerly called Special Types of Reports. Though certain special types of reports are still discussed, additional emphasis is given to the fact that there does not exist any universally accepted set of types, under which all reports can be classified.

Two other extensive changes have been made in Part Ⅱ：The chapter on Proposals, which first appeared in the second edition, has been rewritten and substantially expanded so as to cover that important subject more thoroughly. Also, an entirely new chapter, Oral Presentation of Technical Information, has been added. Though a study of this chapter

is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.

36.The passage is most probably a preface to ____.

A) a technical writing handbook B) a handbook on composition C) a book on a literary writing D) a scientific paper

37.In part I, the writer arranges the chapters in the order of ____.

A) Introduction—Organization—Special Problems—Style—Nonformal Reports

B) Introduction—Style—Organization—Special Types of Reports—Mechanics

C) Introduction—Style—Organization—Mechanics—Special Problems

D) Introduction—Style—Proposals—Special Problems—Mechanics

38.You can find some writing exercises in ____.

A) the chapter on Organization B) the chapter on Style

C) the chapter on Special Problems D) the chapter on Proposals

39.According to the passage, the chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information appears in ____ of the book.

A) Part Ⅰ of the first edition B) Part Ⅱ of the second edition C) Part Ⅰ of the second edition D) Part Ⅱ of the third edition

40.Which of the following is not true of Part Ⅱ of the new edition?

A) There isn't the chapter on Special Types of Reports.

B) The chapter on Oral Presentation of Technical Information is rewritten and expanded.

C) The chapter on Proposals is a revised chapter.

D) There is a change of the title of Chapter 8.

Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)

Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

41.____ allow the vegetable to go bad, he sold them at

half price.

A) More than B) Rather than C) Other than D) Better than

42.Today, housework has been made much easier by

electrical ____.

A) facilitiesB) appliances C) instruments D) equipment

43.He ____ him what he asked.

A) denied B) refuted C) ignored D) deprived

44.The book does not ____ children.

A) submit to B) appeal to C) confess to D) consent to

45.We have every size of shoe in ____.

A) storing B) stock C) sale D) shop

46.I ____ this man with receiving stolen goods.

A) accuse B) charge C) scold D) blame

47.You've made a mistake—you've ____ the word.

A) left out B) left off C) left behind D) left for

48.Scientists first ____ the idea of the atomic bomb in

the 1930s.

A) competed B) conceived C) consumed D) concealed

49.You may take an oral or written exam ____ what you prefer.

A) according as B) according to C) accordingly D) in accord

50.The desks and seats can be ____ to the height of any child.

A) adopted B) shifted C) adjusted D) corrected

51.No further discussion ____ , the meeting was brought to a close.

A) arising B) raising C) arousing D) rising

52. ____ , the British working class is better off today than it was a generation ago.

A) By and large B) In detail C) By no means D) By and by

53.Every man has the right to live where he wants to,

____ the colour of his skin.

A) regardless of B) prior to C) in case of D) for the sake of

54.The potato crop of 1946 was ____ that of 1945.

A) superior than B) superior to C) more superior to D) more superior than

55.Books are ____ to scholars.

A) indispensable B) indifferent C) bound to D) accustomed to

56. ____ such a difficult task, we must redouble our efforts.

A) To face with B) We are facing C) Faced with D) Facing with

57.Either of these young ladies ____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.

A) were B) are C) is D) have been

58.Your hair needed ____ I am glad you had it cut.

A) cut B) cutting C) to cut D) being cut

59.Studying hard is more rewarding ____.

A) than to be lazy B) than being lazy C) than to be like a lazy person D) than it is to be lazy

60.The Latin class had twenty students, ____ had had much better language training than I.

A) most of which B) which C) most of them D) most of whom

61.I wish that he ____ to the movies with me yesterday.

A) went B) could go C) was gone D) could have gone

62. ____ , the more necessary it is to break it up into a number of parts which the reader can visualize.

A) The more complex a subject becomes B) The more becomes a subject complex C) A subject becomes the more complex D) The more subjects become essential

63.Close the door, ____ ? A) will you B) do you C) shall you D) don't you

64. ____ at the railway station when it began to rain.

A) Hardly had he arrived B) Hardly he had arrived C) No sooner did he arrive D) No sooner arrived he

65.The storm ____ , they had to live in a cave.

A) has destroyed their hut B) to destroy their hut C) having destroyed their hut D) being destroyed

66. ____ the number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks of vacation seems generous.

A) Compared with B) Compared C) Comparing with D) Comparing

67.It was going to be some time ____ he would see his father again.

A) since B) when C) until D) before

68.He is younger than ____.

A) any other boy in the class

B) any boy in the class

C) all boys in the class

D) you and me as well as the class

69.The establishment of the company shall start from the day ____the business license of the company is issued.

A) which B) on which C) in which D) whenever

70.You ____ me because I didn't say that.

A) must misunderstand B) must be misunderstanding C) must have misunderstood D) had to misunderstand

Part Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes) Directions：

In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of

the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.

71. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again

slightly.(Passage 2, Para.2, the First Sentence)

72. In creating a lens a lens designer attempts to “trap” light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in

the subject to focus on a single point in the image, as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent (透明的) elements with precisely curved surfaces.(Passage 3, Para.1, the Third Sentence)

73. The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite.(Passage 3, Para.1,the Fifth Sentence)

74. We have also expanded the treatment of technical

articles — recognizing the potential contribution of article writing to the career of the writer and the value of the

article to science and technology.(Passage 4,Para.2,the Last Sentence)

75.Though a study of this chapter is no substitute for training in public speaking, we believe that its recommendations can nevertheless be of substantial assistance to those who use this book on the numerous occasions when they will be called upon to present their ideas in person before a small group or a large audience.(Passage 4,

Para.4,the Last Sentence) Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions：In this section you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled “Layoffs(下岗) in Stateowned Enterprises”. The first senten ce is given to you. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember that the contents of the outline should be included in your composition. You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet.

Layoffs in Stateowned Enterprises

1. 下岗是改革的需要;

2. 下岗会带来的问题;

3. 如何对待下岗所带来的问题;

答案Part Ⅱ

1

ざ涛拇笠猹

本文与我们日常生活关系十分密切。在与人交谈时，应该体会说话者真正的意思，而不应该只看表面意思，否则会造成误解。看一看说话者的表情、眼神、说话的腔调，以及站立(或坐)的姿势，看看这些是否与其语言相符合，这样将会避免误解。

21.答案B。

ぁ静慰家胛摹作者回忆起与他的朋友之间发生的事情，他会……

【试题分析】此题考查对第一段的理解。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹第一段倒数第二句说：“当我们回顾往事时，象这样的疑惑 (即猜不透他人的真正意思 )会使我们感到糟糕。”据此以及第一段中的往事可推知当他回忆他和朋友之间发生的几件事时，他感到可能没有觉察出朋友们对他的真正感情，故 B准确。

22.答案D。

ぁ静慰家胛摹有人说“ You're a lucky dog.”时，他真正的含义是……

【试题分析】此题考查结合上下文对句子的理解。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹第二段的倒数第四句说lucky dog“有点嫉妒之意”，因“dog”有点贬低人，故 D准确而C错。而“You're a lucky guy.”or“You're a lucky gal.”却表示友好之意，故A和B 皆错。

23.答案C。

ぁ静慰家胛摹听人说话时，重要的是把他所说的与他的表情、语调、姿势相对照。

【试题分析】此题考查对最后一段的理解。

【详细解答】见最后一段开头的几个问句。

24.答案A。

ぁ静慰家胛摹要是你接受作者的建议，你会怎么做。

【试题分析】此题考查对全文主旨的理解。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹由最后两句话可知，作者建议我们仔细掂量以确定对方的真正含义，所以应选 A。

ぁ咀髡呓ㄒ椤看颂庖部捎门懦法。

25.答案C。

ぁ静慰家胛摹本文力图告诉你如何避免误解别人对你讲的话。

【试题分析】此题考查对作者写作意图的了解。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹文章第一段举例说明我们在领会他人真正的意思上

犯有错误，接着举例说明人们所说的话是怎样掩盖了他们真正的意思，最后一段告诉我们如何领会他人的真正意思。全文都是围绕“如

何领会他人暗含之意”展开的，据此可推知 C准确。

2

ざ涛拇笠猹

本文所涉及的是关于睡眠的几个阶段及其在各处阶段的具体表现。一般睡眠经历四个时相(阶段)的循环，第一时相即刚入睡时，眼球运

动较频繁，体温略有下降，肌肉松弛，呼吸减慢而更有规律。大脑波

减慢在开始的几分钟之内以频率极大的快波为主，接着的半小时左右，从第二时相进入第三时相睡眠，身体更放松，然后再过40至60分钟

会进入最深睡眠，即第四时相。第四时相的深度睡眠并不持续整个晚上，安睡80分钟后，大脑活动又会轻微增强，眼球开始在眼皮底下转动，这个阶段持续8——15分钟，称为快波睡眠，身体迅速放松，睡

眠会又一次由第一时相到第四时相，80分钟之后再次回到即将醒来的

状态。

26.答案B。

ぁ静慰家胛摹睡眠的几个阶段表现出……

【试题分析】此题为理解题。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹文章的第二句告诉我们睡眠的不同阶段是周期性发

生的，故睡眠的各阶段表现规则的一面。

27.答案D。

ぁ静慰家胛摹第四阶段 (时相)睡眠持续时间为……

【试题分析】此题为推理题。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹根据文章可知一个睡眠周期大约是 80分钟，而stage 4 sleep是睡眠的最后阶段，它发生在入睡后大约40至60分钟时，据此可推出stage 4 sleep持续20至40分钟。

28.答案C。

ぁ静慰家胛摹脑电波在哪个阶段最慢 ?

【试题分析】此题为细节推理题。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹文章第一段倒数第四句说“睡得越深，脑电波就越慢”，而 stage 4 sleep 是睡得最深的，故脑电波也是最慢的。

29.答案B。

ぁ静慰家胛摹第二段中“ dart”一词意为……

ぁ臼蕴夥治觥此题考查考生根据上下文推测单词意义的水平。

【详细解答】 dart的后文说“眼睛好像看着发生在眼前的事”，又说“这种快速移动眼睛的阶段叫REM sleep”，据此可知dart意为move quickly or suddenly(飞快地移动)。glare怒目而视;gaze凝视。

30.答案D。

ぁ静慰家胛摹快波睡眠的特点之一是……

【试题分析】此题考查细节推理水平。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹从第二段第一、二句可知大脑运动水平会再度略有

提升，而 delta波消失，取代的是脑电波运动图形。据此可知脑电波变得快了一点，大脑活跃些。而大的缓波和睡得最深是 stage 4

sleep的特征，rapid for the first few minutes是stage 1 sleep

的特征，整个睡眠阶段都是有脑电波的，故A，B和C皆错。

【作者建议】此题可用排除法。

3

ざ涛拇笠猹

镜片设计者能够比作棋手：棋手力图将对手的棋在几招之内落入

自己的圈套，镜片设计者试图捕捉光线。但比起棋手来说，设计镜片

者有一个很大的优势，即设计者能够自由获得各种协助。现在的镜片

比过去的还好而且价格更低，结构更复杂。这在很大水准上离不开科

学技术，因为自始至终，如果仅仅一个人来设计好透镜都是不切实际的。

31.答案D。

ぁ静慰家胛摹设计镜片与下象棋相似之处在于……

【试题分析】此题考查对文中相关长句子的理解。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹见文章第一段四至六句，相似之处在于最终目标以

及达到目标的手段都是明确的，仅仅在任一环节上所作的任何一项决

定都可能导致无数个结果。

32.答案B。

ぁ静慰家胛摹设计镜片的最终目标是……

【试题分析】此题考查对相关句意的理解。

ぁ鞠晗附獯稹见文章第三句“创造镜片时，设计者试图‘捕捉'

光线，他们迫使源自物体某个点的所有光线穿过一组曲度准确的透镜，结果光线集中在影像的一个点上。”

33.答案C。