宾语从句总结(精华)

宾语从句总结（精华）

一、宾语从句的概念

宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。

eg. We know Mr Green teaches English.

She asked if these answers were right.

二、宾语从句三要素

引导词（连接词）

语序

时态

*引导词:1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句

2.由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句

3.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句

(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:

注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略

e.g.

I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.

He said (that) he missed us very much.

The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

(2)由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句

if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。

1.I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us.

2. Ask him whether (if) he can come.

3. I wonder whether it is going to rain or not.

4. Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here.

注：只能用whether不能用if的情况如下:

1.在介词后面：

I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.

We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.

2.在动词不定式前：

They asked me whether to go skating.

3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:

I don’t know whether he’s free or not.

Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.

Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.

4.宾语从句提前时：

Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.

（3）由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从

代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。

1. He asked who could answer the question.

2. Do you know whom they are waiting for?

3. He asked whose bike was the best in the class.

4. Do you know when we’ll have a meeting ?

5. Please tell me where he is.

6. Can you tell me how I can get to the station?

7. Could you tell me why the train is late?

*语序：陈述句语序

即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）Do you remember _________(他多大岁数)?

当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：What’s wrong? What’s the matter?

What’s happening? What happened?

eg: I don’t know what’s the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

*时态：

1、主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”范畴的时态时，从句的时态根据需要来用，不受主句影响。

I want to know what time he got up this morning.

He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.

They are saying that they really like this city.

2、主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。

Kate said there was a box under the desk.

They asked what he was doing then.

She asked whether I had seen her before.

3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

He told me the earth moves around the sun.

4.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

三、由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句:

专项训练：

1. Where did she put her car? Do you know?

Do you know where she put her car?

2. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.

The girl wondered what he often talked about.

3. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.

I don’t know who knocked at the door so loudly.

4. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.

I don't know if he still lives in that street.

5. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me when the train arrives

6. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.

He asked the boys if they wanted fried chicken.