宾语从句知识总结

知识总结：

宾语从句的重难点主要有三点：引导词、语序和时态。

连词的选择

that和what

【高考示例】

1. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ___________we have here and treat food nicely.（2010福建卷）

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

2. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know_____it takes to start a business here.（2010天津卷)

A. how

B. what

C. When

D. which

3. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming

season. （2010山东卷）

A. why

B. what

C. how

D. which

4. I want to be liked and loved for ______I am inside. （2010北京卷）

A. who

B. where

C. what

D. how

考点解析：

以上四题均考查what引导的宾语从句，连接代词what在宾语从句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分，即主语，宾语，表语或定语；而连接词that只起连接作用，在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，常可省略。所以我们在面对这类考题时：

首先，应判断从句部分是否缺主语，宾语，表语或定语。如果缺这些成分的话，首先考虑who, whom, what, which和whose等，但要区别后三者做定语时的用法区别。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。

第二，如果题干中不需要填入代词，需要结合语境考虑是否需要填入疑问副词when, why, where, how, whether, if等。宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问，如“是否”、“是不是”、“能否”等，就用连词if/whether来引导。

第三，如果根据语境，宾语从句是个陈述句，不需要填入疑问副词，那就用连词that 引导。

例4的难点在于我想别人喜欢我是因为“我”的内在，也就是“我”inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误地用中文语言习惯去做英文题。whether和if

【高考示例】

… but it didn't matter that I would win or not．（NMET短文改错）

此题很显然是考查 whether和if引导宾语从句的差别。答案是将that改为whether。在使用whether和if引导宾语从句时，应注意以下几种情况：

①引导介词宾语从句时，只能用 whether，不用if。如：

I am interested in whether he'll go abroad．

②当提出两种选择时，要用whether。如：

We don't know whether he will come or not．

③ discuss，decide 等动词后，通常只跟 whether 引导的宾语从句，而不用if。如：

They discussed whether they should put off the meeting．

He decided whether he would go with her．

④如果宾语从句是否定结构，则只用 if 引导。如：

I don't care if he doesn't join in the game．

连接副词when，where，how，why

【高考示例】

1. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ________she

was so angry. （2010湖南卷）

A. where

B. whether

C. that

D. why

2. We haven’t discussed yet ____ we are going to place our new furniture.（2010全国卷Ⅰ）

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. where

考点解析：

以上两题都是考查连接副词引导的宾语从句。连接副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。例1的宾语从句中缺表原因的状语，故用why；例2根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。再如：

We don't know why he didn't come．

Can you tell me where the post office is？

He wondered how he could solve the problem．

语序：

【高考示例】

1．When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers

know________.（2010上海卷）

A. he is entering which lane

B. which lane he is entering

C. is he entering which lane

D. which lane is he entering

2．No one can be sure ____________ in a million years．

A．what man will look like B．what will man look like

C．man will look like what D．what look will man like

3．Can you tell me ____________ ？

A．who is that gentleman B．that gentleman is who

C．who that gentleman is D．whom is that gentleman

考点解析：

以上三题都是考查宾语从句的语序。无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句只能用陈述句语序。再如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．

it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语———宾语从句后置：

在下列情况下，需要用 it作形式宾语：

1．think，make，find，consider，feel，hear 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。如：

We find it difficult that we should finish the work in time．

She thinks it wrong for him not to answer the phone．

2．like，enjoy，love，hate 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。如：

I like it that everyone passed the exam．

They hated it when students wear strange clothes．

3．由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。如：

We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money．我们正在考虑借给你一些钱。

时态的呼应：

【高考示例】

1．You’ve failed to do what you ___________to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame

you．（2010四川卷）

A．will expect B．will be expected

C．expected D．were expected

2．When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely. （2010全国卷Ⅰ）

A. are arriving

B. have arrived

C. had arrived

D. will arrive

3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.

（2010全国Ⅰ）

A. is made

B. would make

C. was to be made

D. had made

考点解析：

以上三题都是考查主从句中时态的呼应。含有宾语从句的主从复合句在时态呼应上遵循以下三条原则：

1. 如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思需要使用任何一种时态。如：

Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？

Please tell me where you went yesterday．

2. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。如：

He asked why she had left alone．

They said they would hold the meeting the next week．

3. 如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。如：

Dick asked Lucy how old she is．

The teacher said the sun rises in the east．

否定转移：

当主句谓语动词是 think，suppose，believe，guess，expect（预料）时，其后 that 宾语从句若表示否定意义，通常将否定词 not 转移到主句谓语动词之前。如：

I don't think it is true．我想这是不对的。

I don't believe I have the pleasure of knowing you．很遗憾，我不想认识你。

此类动词后，在简略答语中，有两种替代形式：

1. 用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句。如：

— Do you think our team will win the match？

— I believe so．

2. 若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 not．．．so 替代前文整个从句。如：

— Do you guess he will come？

— I think not．或I don't think so．

注意： hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。

虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用：

1. 这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望(wish),建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend),要求(demand,request, require, insist),命令(order, command)等，此时无论主语是什么，谓语都要用should + do构成, should可以省略.

2. wish 接宾语从句有三种情况:：

若表示现在: 动词用过去式；

若表示过去: 动词用过去完成式(had done)；

若表示将来: 用情态动词(would/could) +do

I wish she would be on my side.

I wish I were 30 years younger.

I wish (that) you would get a good job.

He wished he hadn’t done it.

3. 在would rather(宁愿)引导的的宾语从句中，当从句表示现在或将来的时间时，谓语动词要用一般过去时；表示过去时间时，要用过去完成时。

I would rather they left on an early train. (表现在)

I would rather he hadn't told me about it. (表过去)

易错点点拨：

1. 以连接代词(如What, Which)和连接副词(如When, Where等)引导的宾语从句中。同学们常常把从句

中的语序用疑问句的语序来代替。

2．同学们在判断宾语从句是否缺主语、宾语、表语等成分时不能正确判断，尤其在判断是否缺宾语

时。有些动词在表达不同含义时有时做及物动词，有时做不及物动词；有些短语如talk about,

think about等做宾语从句的谓语时常常需要填入宾语。

3. 记住: insist/suggest各有两种意思, 要用不同的语气：insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形

式，而表示“坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式；而表

示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。