状语的具体讲解(二)时间状语

句子成分之——－状语得具体讲解(二)时间状语

具体用法:时间状语

导读:一、能做状语得成分

1、名词做状语

2、介词短语做状语(介绍了很多搭配时间得介词)

3、时间状语从句(分别介绍了不同引导词用法)

(1)表示“当…时候”while,when,as

(2)由before与after引导得时间状语从句

(3)until 与till表示“直到”

(4)since表示“自从”或者“自从这件事结束”

(5)由as soon as, 表示“一…就…”

(6)by the time each time, every time

二、常用时态中得标志性时间状语

一、能做状语得成分

1、名词作状语

常做状语得名词有: today, yesterday, tomorrow,

this 或that + morning/afternoon/evening/night/day/week/month/year…名词做主语放在句首句尾都可以:

Yesterday, I got my new book published、

=I got my new book published yesterday、昨天我出版了我得新书。

2、介词短语做时间状语

表示在某时间、常用介词at,on,in等。

用 at 来表示在某一段时刻:

at dawn/daybreak: 在黎明

at six :在6点钟

at midnight :在午夜

用 at 来表示在……岁时

at sixteen/at the age of sixteen :16岁得时候

用 on 来表示在星期几/某日

on Monday :在星期一

on January fifth:在1月5日

on Christmas Day :在圣诞节那一天也可用at Christmas

on New Year's Day:在新年那天

用in来表示一天中得早中晚,月份,季节或年份

in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨,下午,晚上

in January/ February在一月,二月

in Spring在春天

in 2014在2014年

表示期间常用介词during,for,over,within,throughout,from与to等。

during／within 用来表示在一段时间内,区别就是during 可以加名词与时间,within后只能加时间。

during the Middle Ages: 在中世纪

during 1942 :在1942年中

during the summer(of that year):在(那一年得)夏季

during his childhood :在她童年时期

during two years＝within two years

for用来表示动作或状态持续了一段时间,(要与完成时搭配)

for six years :六年之久

for two months :有两个月

for ever :永远

表示其她时间概念得介词有before,after,since,until,till,between,up to等

3、时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句得连词,常见得有before, after, when whil e, as, since, till, unil, as soon as 等

(1)表示“当…时候”whil e,when,as

when引导得从句得谓语动词可以就是延续性得动词,可以就是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。

例如:When she came in, I stopped eating、她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countrysid e, I used to carry some water for him、当我住在农村时,我常常为她担水。(延续性得动词)

While引导得从句得谓语动作必须就是延续性得,并强调主句与从句得动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且whil e有时还可以表示对比。

例如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV、(was reading就

是延续性得动词,was reading与was watching同时发生) 。

I like playing football whil e you like playing basketball、我喜欢踢足球,而您喜欢打篮球。(对比)

As表示“一边……一边”,as引导得动作就是延续性得动作,一般用于主句与从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:

We always sing as we walk、我们总就是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”) As we were going out, it began to snow、当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪得特定时间)

(2)由before与after引导得时间状语从句

before表示“在…之前”,after 表示“在…之后”

It will be four days before they e back、她们要过四天才能回来。

Einstein almost knocked me d own before he saw me、爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才瞧到我。

My father had l eft for Canada just before the l etter arrived、我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

After you think it over, pl ease l et me know what you d ecid e、您仔细考虑过以后,告诉我您就是怎样决定得。

After we had finished the work, we went home、完成工作之后,我们回家了。(3)until 与till表示“直到”

主句肯定句中,用延续性动词,until／till后得时间表示相应动作结束得时间:

He will wait for his girlfriend until he shows up、她将等她得女朋友直到她出现。(wait “等待”就是延续性动词,动作能够一直持续)

主句否定句中,用非延续性动词,until后得时间表示相应动作开始得时间:

The letter won’t be sent until you call the postman、邮件不会被寄出,知道您给邮寄员打电话。(be sent“被寄出”, 非延续性动词,就就是一瞬间得动作呢)

这两个句型也就是可以互换得:

I will be here till／until he es back、我将一直在这里直到她回来。

I won't l eave here until he es back、我将不会离开这里直到她回来。

(4)since表示“自从”或者“自从这件事结束”

一般情况下,主句得谓语动词用现在完成时,从句谓语动词用一般过去时。

I have been in Beijing since you l eft、自从您离开以来,我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我与您见面以后,您到哪里去了？

在It is +时间+since从句得句型中,主句多用一般现在时。

It is +时间+since A自从A结束后到现在已经多长时间了

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing、我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing、我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

(5)由as soon as, 表示“一…就…”the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, 可以放在句首或者句尾。

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast、吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot、我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up、我一到加拿大,就给您来电话。

注意:hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as 之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely与no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey、她刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to mence work、太阳刚从地平线上升起,她就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat d own when he stepped in、我刚坐下,她就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asl eep when he felt a soft touch on his shoul d er、这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

(6)由by the time each time, every time 引导得时间状语从句。

注意时态得变化:在一般情况下,如果从句得谓语动词用一般过去时,主句得谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句得谓语动词

By the time you came back, I had finished this book、到您回来时,我已经写完这本书了。

Each time he came to Harbin, he woul d call on me、她每次来哈尔滨,总就是来瞧我

You grow younger every time I see you、每次遇到您,见您更年轻了。

By the time you e here tomorrow, I will have finished this work、您明天来这儿得时候,我将已经完成此工作了。

二、常用时态中得标志性时间状语

时间状语一般被当作时态得标志,那么下面提供了在常见时态中标志性时间状语: 一般现在时:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday等

一般过去时:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等一般将来时:next…, tomorrow, in+一段时间,before+时间点等

现在完成时:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently 等

过去完成时:before, by+过去得时间, until, when, after, once等

过去进行时:this morning, the whol e morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening…when, whil e等

将来进行时:soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening