中考专题 总复习—词语运用

中考专题 总复习—词语运用
中考专题 总复习—词语运用

初中语文试卷

马鸣风萧萧

中考总复习—词语运用

考点内容:

本考点要求考生能“体味和推敲重要词句在语言环境中的意义和表达作用”。主要包括以下几点:

1.掌握课文中常用词语的书写;

2.理解重要词语在具体语境中的含义,并能根据语境进行揣摩,理解词语的比喻义、引申义;

3.能根据语境需要正确选用词语,并能根据语境辨析词语(或成语)运用的正误;

4.能根据语境准确、得体、连贯运用词语(或成语);

5.能根据语境正确运用关联词。

一、词语的运用

理解词语的目的就是为了更好地使用词语,表情达意。

(1)同义词的运用:一般提供一个特定的语境,配备一组同义(近义)词,要求将这些同义词选填在适当的位置上。要注意词语的细微差异和搭配对象。

(2)词语的释义及辨误:要结合具体语言环境解释某个词,或选出释义有误的一项,可借鉴上述释词方法予以订正。

(3)选填恰当的关联词:要放在准确的位置上,注意虚词的搭配,防止滥用和残缺,充分利用选择题的题型特点,利用已知推断未知,选填好关联词语。

(4)理解选用成语:要注意成语的本义、比喻义及其适用的对象、场合和习惯。

(5)多义词的运用:要注意多义词的多义性特点,依据语境,准确辨析。

(6)要注意“褒词贬用”和“贬词褒用”的作用。

(7)在运用词语的过程中,不能生造词语,更不能随意拆成语,应遵循各类词的固有的使用习惯。

(8)要辨明每个词语中的字的音、形、义,不要将词语中的字写错了、音读错了、义辨错了。

二、常见的几种成语误用类型

综观各地中考试题,对成语运用的考查主要是以选择题为主,要求选出成语运用正确或不正确的一项。解答好此类试题,关键在于识别“误用”成语。现从各地中考语文试题中撷取部分“成语误用”题作简要解析。

一、褒贬不分

例1:为了在科技比赛中体现创新精神,许多同学处心积虑,设计了一套令人赏心悦目的《安徒生童话》邮票。(江苏扬州市试题)

“处心积虑”指存心已久,费尽心机,千方百计地谋算;是贬义词,用在同学身上不合适。

二、表意重复

例2:听到这个幽默的故事,他忍俊不禁地笑了起来。(江苏泰州市试题)

“忍俊不禁”的意思是忍不住笑,与后面的“笑了起来”意思雷同,纯属多余。

三、轻重失当

例3:考前每个考生都应做好充分的心理准备,否则上了考场,一旦有个三长两短,就会影响正常水平的发挥。(甘肃省试题)

“三长两短”指意外的灾祸或事故,这里指代考场上考生答题遇到的困难,显然过重。

【实战演练】

1.下列各组句子中加点成语使用正确的一项是()

A.博物馆里保藏着大量有艺术价值的石刻作品,上面的各种花鸟虫鱼、人物形象栩栩如生,美轮美奂。

B.两位阔别多年的老友意外在一条小巷里狭路相逢,两人又是握手又是拥抱,别提多高兴了。

C.在人民群众的利益受到危害的紧要关头,有极少数干部,或无动于衷,或畏缩不前,其所作所为,与共产党员、人民公仆的身份极不相称。

D.齐白石画展在美术馆开幕了,国画研究院的画家竞相观摩,艺术爱好者也趋之若鹜。

2.下列各组句子中加点成语使用正确的一项是()

A.这篇文章未必有什么值得大家反复推敲的微言大义。

B.这次举行法律知识考试,有些人竟对“法人”、“行政处罚”等法律基本知识素昧平生。

C.我们虽然缺乏管理经验,但可以向先进企业学习,起初可能是邯郸学步,但终究会走出自己的路来。

D.运动会上,他借的一身衣服很不合身,真是捉襟见肘。

三、关联词

①并列句。各分句间的关系是平行并列的

常用的关联词语有:又……又……、既……又……、一边……一边……、那么……那么……、是……也是……(不是)、不是……而是……等。

②承接句。各分句表示连续发生的事情或动作,分句有先后顺序

常用的关联词语有:……接着……、……就……、……于是……、……又……、……便……等。

③.递进句。分句间是进一层的关系

常用的关联词语有:不但(不仅)……而且……、不但……还……、……更(还)……、……甚至……等。

④选择句。各分句列出几种情况,表示从中选出一种

常用的关联词语有:不是……就是……、或者……或者……、是……还是……、要么……要么……、宁可(宁愿)……也不……、与其……不如……等。

⑤转折句。后一个分句与前一个分句的意思相反或相对,或部分相反。

常用的关联词语有:虽然……但是……、尽管……可是……、……然而……、……却……等。

⑥.因果句。分句间是原因和结果的关系

常用的关联词语有:因为(由于)……所以……、……因而(因此)……、既然……就……、之所以……是因为……等。

⑦假设句。一个分句表示假设的情况,另一个分句表示假设实现后的结果。

常用的关联词语有:如果……就……、即使……也……等。

⑧条件句。一个分句说明条件,另一个分句表示在这一个条件下产生的结果

常用的关联词语有:只要……就……、无论(不管、不论)……也(都)……、只有……才……、凡是……都……、除非……才……等。

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中考题型集训(四) 词汇运用 __题组训练1_ [中文提示写单词] 根据句意和所给中文提示,写出下列句中所缺单词。 A 1.[2017·连云港]—What do you think of the Art Festival in your school? —Colourful! All the students enjoy ________(他们自己) and show their different talents. 2.[2017·乐山]I didn't hear the phone because it was too ________(吵闹的) in the supermarket. 3.I don't want to ________(浪费) my time talking with her. It's like playing the lute to a cow. 4.[2017·南充]Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. We are very ________(自豪的) of her. 5.September is the ________(第九) month of a year. 6.We shouldn't take these game shows too ________(严肃地) while watching them. 7.Tom and Peter are good friends. They can talk about and ________(分享) everything. 8.[2017·连云港] Some classical pieces at the concert are traditional and have a lasting ________(价值). 9.[2017·天水]Because of his ________(粗心), he didn't pass the exam. 10.[2017·南京]—What do I need to make a thank-you card? —You need some ________(纸), glue and a pair of scissors. B 1.[2017·宿迁]There is a ________(刀) and some pens on Wang Jun's desk. 2.Drivers should drive more slowly on ________(下雨的) days. 3.[2017·苏州]In Switzerland, some of the old clothes are ________(卖) in charity shops. 4.[2017·苏州] Life is like a race. I'm ready to take on new ________(挑战) any time. 5.Everyone, you need to have a dream. The future of China ________(依靠) on you! 6.My grandma always tells me ________(没有什么) is more important than health. 7.[2017·泰州]David showed great ________(勇气) during his fight against illness last year. 8.My mother goes shopping every week—there is a shopping mall just ________(在……对面) our house. 9.[2017·南京]Liu Hua is the chief ________(工程师) of the high-speed railway connecting Moonlight Town to Nanjing. 10.[2017·南京]More than six ________(百) teams took part in 2017 Nanjing primary and secondary school robot competition in May. C 1.The glasses can keep the worker's eyes ________(安全的). 2.The houses are so expensive that he can't ________(承担得起) to buy one. 3.My parents are always ________(严格的) with me. 4.Nobody was ________(缺席) from school though it rained heavily yesterday. 5.His uncle is going to ________(参加) a business meeting in Beijing next week. 6.It's important for young people to make a right ________(决定) for their future. 7.Some wild animals are in ________(危险)as the earth is getting warmer and warmer. 8.Mary goes to work every day ________(除…之外)Sundays. 9.[2017·镇江]The dentist suggests that the girl should brush her ________(牙齿) before going to bed. 10.We've got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library. D 1.Tina is my cousin. She is tall and she has long ________(直的) hair. 2.[2017·乌鲁木齐]The Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation(一带一路国际合作高峰论坛) which was held in Beijing on May 15th had a very deep ________(影响) on almost all the countries. 3.Nowadays people like to eat out on Spring Festival, ________(特别地) young people.

2013年中考英语真题分类汇编—词汇运用

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初中英语 词汇运用

所给单词的适当形式填空 1.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 ①Lao She was a great ________ (write) and he's especially famous for his play, Teahouse. ②Would you mind ________(take) out the trash, Jerry? ③The girl is going to repair the bike by ________(she). ④Although he lives on the ________(twelve) floor, he seldom uses the lift. ⑤He ________(not come) yet. What do you think has happened to him? ⑥This ________(wood) bridge was built more than 20 years ago. ⑦Morn couldn't stand the mess in my room, so she asked me ________(clean) it right now. ⑧The road to ________(successful) is never straight. ⑨The water ________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. ⑩He'd like to get some suggestions on how to learn ________(wise) and well. 单词拼写 2.单词拼写。根据首字母及汉语提示,完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确,句意通顺。 ①Mary has developed a new way of life by getting close to n________ (自然). ②Frank, take off your w________ (湿的) jacket so you don’t catch a cold. ③This Chinese painting is the greatest work of a________ (艺术) I have ever seen. ④The little girl k________ (亲吻) her mum good night before she goes to bed. ⑤I’m s________ (确信的) that our dreams will come true through our efforts. 选词填空 3.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空. ①She took lots of beautiful ________ during her stay in Europe. ②Tom, believing in ________ is the first step on the road to success. ③Tomorrow will be ________. How about going to Mount Gu for a picnic? ④The teacher kept ________ the use of the idiom to me until I understood it. ⑤He was facing a difficult ________ between staying with his family or working in Tibet.

初中英语词语运用解题技巧及练习.

词语运用 一、考点解读 词语运用题主要考查学生在特定语境中对词汇、表达法的灵活运用能力。试题的主要考查点是名词、数词、形容词、副词、动词及常用动词短语。 1、名词:名词单复数、名词所有格以及星期、月份等特殊名词的拼写; 2、形容词和副词:形容词与副词的选用及形式转化,形容词与副词的比较级等级; 3、数词:序数词变为基数词的规律; 4、动词:动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词以及动词不定时、动词短语的拼写及用法。 二、解题方法及技巧 (一)阅读全句,理解句意 正确理解全句有助于准确判断所填的单词,若只看所填词的提示而忽略整个句意,往往填不上或填错单词 e.g. We can’t breathe f air because of polluted environment. (二)认真分析所填词的词性 做题时结合语境、语法要求去判断所填词的正确词性 e.g.1.This morning I was two minutes late for train,but (luck),I didn’t miss it as the train was late,too. 2.What a (sun) day! Let’s go hiking. 3.She was one of the greatest Chinese (write) of the 20th century. 各种词性之间的相互转换表 (1)v.+er/or n.(人):teach visit work (2)adj.+ly adv. : careful luck quick

(3)n.+ly adj. :friend month (4)adj. n. :important different healthy dead (5)v.+tion n. : invent pollute (6)v.+ment n. : develop move (7)adj.+ness n. : happy ill sad (8)-less后缀,un-前缀都表示否定含义 careless ——(反) helpless——(反) useless ——(反) unhappy——(反) unusual——(反) (三)要判断所填词的正确词性 (1)名词要注意复数和所有格 (2)形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级的变化 (3)动词及词组要注意各种时态、语态及非谓语动词等各种形式 (4)数词注意分数和序数词的变化 e.g.1. In China, students have two (term) every year. 2. After exercising for a few months, she is a little (thin) than before. 3. Mr.Green lives on the (twelve) floor of the building. 4. When I (arrive), it was early in the morning and it was raining. (四)注意固定搭配 e.g. I am (interest) in reading books. 词语运用解题口诀: 空前空后要注意,名词单复要牢记,还有’s不能弃; 动词注意要变形;形、副注意用三级; 要填数词请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”; 填入代词需谨慎,五格变化要谨记; 介词、连词最省力,看见照抄就可以。

中考英语总复习英语词汇运用适当形式综合练习题10—100题附答案

中考英语词汇运用综合练习10(附答案) 1.To improve grammar, you should never ignore the ____________ (important) of reading out your writing loud. 2.The ____________ (success) of Frozen 2 comes at a perfect time for Hollywood. 3.You can learn about ____________(communicate) and environment, as well as maths, physics, and chemistry. 4. Last Sunday, Lucy____________ (say) goodbye to her parents at the station 5.I can look after ____________(me). I do not depend on anything else. 6.I became so bored with their____________(order) that I wished they would leave me alone. 7. I'm sure I forgot___________(anything), but I don't know what it is. 8. Be especially careful with the door. ____________(shut) it when you're in and lock it when you go out. 9.Thousands of people died of ____________(ill) in 13 hospitals in the 19th century. 10.They traveled for several days, and in the end they ____________ (arrive) home. 11. Norman Bethune was ____________(Canada), but he is one of the most famous heroes in China. 12. Deng says that she isn't ____________(clever)than anyone else. But she has a very strong will. 13. Labor day is also a festival to celebrate the ____________(begin) of summer. 14. While they ____________ (watch)TV, their mother was doing some cleaning. 15. He ____________(make)a lot of progress since he started to learn English last month. 16. After they landed, the first winter was the ____________(bad) thing they can think of now. 17. Like many Americans, we usually watch the games on television and enjoy ____________ (our) very much. 18. The first pioneers ____________(across) the Atlantic and arrived in America in the 17th century. 19. On first October, you can see ____________(nation) flags everywhere in China. 20. My family always go somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday____________(begin). 21. Every year, ____________(million) of people visit the Great Wall. 22. As we know, The Jinmao tower in Shanghai ____________(build) in 1999. 23. The terracotta army is one of the most famous ancient ____________(wonder) in China. 24. Mount Qomolangma is the ____________(high)mountain in the world. 25. Let's join the discussion about where ____________ ( spend)the coming holiday. 26. The students ____________(read) aloud when the teacher came into the classroom.

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