高一英语被动语态

高一专题系列一被动语态

●学而时习

语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

●知识点精讲透析

●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态

1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：

(1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。

(2) 将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。

(3) 将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。如：

^

They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday.

他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。

They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them.

他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

(1) 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如：

They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。

Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→ The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。

(2) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。

Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.

(3) 含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。

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I heard Emily sing the song just now. → Emily was heard to sing the song just now. 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。

(4) 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。

We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon.

It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。

(5) 双重被动结构: 当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时，要用双重被动结构。如：

Parents often ask their children to do too much homework.

The children are often asked to do too much homework.

Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.

●考点二被动语态“基本招式”

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

主：We believe him. 被：He is believed by us.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

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主：He bought his children some pens. 被：Some pens were bought for his children by him.

3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

主：Everyone will know the truth soon . 被：The truth will be known by everyone.

4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

主：Mary is making a doll. 被：A doll is being made by Mary.

5. 过去进行时的被动语态构成：was / were + being + 及物动词的过去分词

主：They were carrying the hurt player. 被：The hurt player was being carried by them .

6. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

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主：He has received the letter. 被：The letter has been received by him.

7. 过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词

主：They had built ten bridges. 被：Ten bridges had been built by them.

8. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

主：We must keep this in mind. 被：This must be kept in mind.我们必须把这个记在心里。

9. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

主：You are to leave the bag here. 被：The bag is to be left here. 你应把包裹放在这儿。

●考点三被动语态“三十六计”

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1. 动词的主动形式表示被动之意

1）某些连系动词，如：look, feel, smell，sound, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep +

adj./n.构成系表结构。

The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。

Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted. 玛丽亚被证明很耐心、很热心。

2）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：lock, shut, close, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, draw, cut, translate, burn, run, ride, begin, end, operate等。

The sentences translate hard. 这些句子很难译。The door won’t shut. 这个门关不上。

3）某些动词用于进行时，其主动形式表被动含义，如：print，cook, fry, hang, build, make等。

The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。

2. 不用于被动语态的动词，如happen，cost，take，have（有），own，possess, want (缺乏)。

An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。

One should possess courage, determination and wisdom. 人要拥有勇气、决心和智慧。

3. “动词+反身代词”结构与“be+过去分词”结构,注意下面短语：

devote oneself to (献身于), seat oneself (就坐), dress oneself (穿衣), amuse oneself (自娱自乐), lose oneself (迷路), prepare oneself for (做好准备), concern oneself about (担心) 这些短语经常用被动结构表示主动意义。如：

They were seated in the front of the hall. 他们在大厅前部就坐。

He was concerned about his work. 他担心他的工作。

All my students are well prepared for the test. 我的学生都为考试做好了准备。

His mother is dressed in white at the party. 他的妈妈在宴会上穿着白色衣服。

4. It is said that…据说It is reported that… 据报道It is believed that…大家相信It is hoped that…大家希望It is well known that… 众所周知It is thought that…大家认为It is suggested that…据建议It is taken granted that…被视为当然It has been decided that… 大家决定It must be remember that…务必记住的是It is generally accepted that…人们公认的是It is universally known that…全球共知的是

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It is reported that the generation growing up with television can barely write a correct English sentence.

据报道，伴随着电视机长大的这代人几乎写不出一个正确的英文句子。

5. 介词“in, on, under+ 名词”构成介词短语表被动意义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：

under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）, beyond belief（令人难以置信）, beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及）, beyond one’s control（无法控制）, for sale（待售）, for rent（出租）, on show（展出）, on sale（出售）, on trial（受审）, in print（在印刷中）, in sight（在视野范围内）, out of control（控制不了）, out of sight（超出视线之外）, out of fashion（不流行）, out of one’s reach（够不着）, beyond our hope(令我们始料不及)

6. be to blame(该受责备，对某件坏事应负责任)与be to let(待出租)两种结构中，不定时的主动形式表示被动含义。Which driver is to blame for the accident 这次事故是那个司机的责任

This house is to rent. 这座房子要出租。

●巩固练习

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1. Our house_____,

A. is getting paint

B. is getting painted

C. is got painted

D. has got to paint

2. He arrived in Beijing, where he _____his friend.

A. was met by

B. was met

C. was meeting

D. met by

3. The war _____in 1937.

A. was broken out

B. had been broken out

C. has broken out

D. broke out

4. The mistakes in the exercises will _____the teacher.

A. cross

B. be crossing

C. be crossed by

D. cross by

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5. My brother and I have __________her birthday party.

A. been invited

B. been invited for

C. invited to

D. been invited to

6. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _________.

A. are dropped

B. drop

C. are being dropped

D. have dropped

7. Experiments of this kind _______ in both the . and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted

8. He _______ some pieces of advice, but he _______ to them.

A. gave, didn’t listen

B. was given, wasn’t listened

C. give, wasn’t listened

D. was given, didn’t listen

9. This coastal area _______ a national wildlife reserve last year.

A. was named

B. named

C. is named

D. names

10. A lot of tall buildings _______ in his hometown in the last three years.

A. have set up

B. have been set up

C. were set up

D. set up

11. We are confident that the environment ______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

A. had been improved

B. will be improved

C. is improved

D. was improved

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12. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ______ it for a very long time.

A. has had

B. had had

C. has

D. had

13. The girl has a great interest in sport and _______ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.

A. took

B. is taking

C. takes

D. has been taking

14. —I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.

—I’m so sorry. But I _______ my homework.

A. had done

B. was doing

C. would do

D. am doing

15. If nothing _______, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

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A. does

B. had been done

C. will do

D. is done

16. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _______ into at least ten different films over the past years.

A. had been made

B. was made

C. has been made

D. would be made

17. —Can I call y ou back at two o’clock this afternoon

—I’m sorry, but by then I______ to Beijing. How about five

A. fly

B. will fly

C. will be flying

D. am flying

18. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____.

A. is being rebuilt

B. has been rebuilt

C. is rebuilt

D. has rebuilt

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●课后盘点

say a thing in that way

A. It is considers wrong

B. It is considered wrong

C. It is considered it's wrong

D. It is considering wrong

2. He ordered that the books _______at once.

A. would be printed

B. would print

C. be printed

D. print

3. The story ______in China.

A. was taken place

B. was happened

C. took place

D. has been taken place

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4. The house _____my parents.

A. is belong to

B. belong to

C. belongs to

D. is belonged to

5. He _______by his teacher.

A. happened to see

B. was happened to see

C. happened to be seen

D. was happened to be seen

6. They _______ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.

A. had finished

B. have finished

C. had been finished

D. have been finished

7. Great changes _______ place. Many new schools _______ .

A. have taken, have been opened

B. take, are open

C. are taken, open

D. have been taken, are opened

8. We can’t use the bridge now, because it______________.

A. has been repaired

B. is repairing

C. is repaired

D. is being repaired

9. I ___ the way to the railway station by a policeman.

A. was shown

B. showed

C. have shown

D. was showing

10. The war the old soldier remembers very well ______________in 1941.

A. broke out

B. had been broken out

C. was broken out

D. had broken out

11. Don’t take the magazine away. It ______ me.

A. is belonged to

B. belongs to

C. was belonged to

D. is belonging to

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12. As soon as we got to the airport, we found that the plane_____.

A. had already taken off

B. already took off

C. was already taking off

D. was already taken off

13. — Have you heard about the recent election — Sure, it _______ the only thing on the news for the last three days.

A. would be

B. is

C. has been

D. will be

14. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _______ sharply.

A. was increasing

B. has increased

C. had increased

D. will be increasing

15. —Could I use your car tomorrow morning —Sure. I _______ a report at home.

A. will be writing

B. will have written

C. have written

D. have been writing

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