高中物理导学案优化设计与有效使用的研究

Study on Optimal Design and Effective Use of Guidance Case

of Senior High Physics

Abstract

With the changes of the times and the development of the society,more and more innovative talents with knowledge and ability are needed in the https://www.360docs.net/doc/99501234.html,cation is the foundation of developing our country for cultivating more talents who can make contribution to the national development,the reform of basic education in China is continuing.Under this background,the"Guidance case"becomes an outstanding mode in teaching.Under this mode, the students can study by themselves and the teachers only guide the students in proper time. It also highlights the student-oriented concept of the new curriculum reform and it plays an important role in building a bridge between teachers and students.Therefore,if the"Guidance case"could achieve it superiority,the optimal design and effective use become the key parts.

At present,there are still many problems in the design of guidance case of senior high physics,such as the never changing of teaching plan,exercises and formalization.Many other problems are affecting the later design such as the students often copy the contents from textbook,the teachers`delaying of checking homework.These problems also widen the gap between the effectiveness and the goal of guidance case.On the basis of cognitive learning theory,constructivist learning theory and the zone of proximal development theory,the paper aims at putting forward some strategies and put them into the practice so that they can optimize the design and effective use of the guidance case.And the strategy of optimized design are the followings:(1)clear the teaching content and teaching goal,adjust the relationship between teaching materials and teaching cases;(2)highlight the variety of the presented contents(3)pay attention to the progressive learning and coexist the gradient and hierarchical(4)set up problems with pertinence and novelty(5)review the knowledge and make the knowledge in series.The strategies for effective use are:(1)draw the attention of students;(2)make the timely examination and correction;(3)use strategies not only in class but before and after the class(4)cycle the rethinking and summary.And the guidance case uses the interviewing and performance analysis in exploring,which refers to the evaluation and suggestions from the teachers and students to the optimized design of the guidance case. Taking a semester as a unit,the guidance case analyses the students`change of the physical results.Good results have been achieved.

As a new teaching mode and has the bright future,the guidance case is born with the reform of basic education but it also needs to be verified in a lot of practice.Better teaching results have been obtained.The paper studies the design and use of the guidance case and make the study into teaching practice.The research results in this paper have some demonstrative and referential value for the practical teaching of middle school physics.

Key Words：High school physics；Guidance case；Optimal design；Effective use

III

摘要......................................................................................................................I Abstract.............................................................................................................................II 1绪论.. (1)

1.1研究背景 (1)

1.2国内外研究现状 (2)

1.3研究方法与内容 (5)

1.4研究意义与目的 (6)

2理论基础 (8)

2.1导学案的概述 (8)

2.1.1导学案定义、组成要素及特征 (8)

2.1.2物理导学案 (9)

2.2认知学习理论 (10)

2.2.1布鲁纳的认知—结构学习理论 (10)

2.2.2奥苏泊尔有意义学习理论 (11)

2.3建构主义学习理论 (12)

2.4最近发展区理论 (13)

3高中物理导学案的优化设计 (14)

3.1导学案设计的一般性原则 (14)

3.2高中物理导学案的优化策略 (15)

3.2.1明确教学内容和目标，处理好与教材、教案的关系 (15)

3.2.2注重内容呈现形式的多样化，富于变化不单调 (18)

3.2.3循序渐进，由浅入深，梯度与层次并存 (19)

3.2.4合理设置问题，有针对性和新颖性 (22)

3.2.5温故知新，注重知识的串联性 (24)

3.3高中物理导学案设计案例——以“平抛运动”为例 (25)

4高中物理导学案的有效使用 (27)

4.1导学案的使用流程与方法 (28)

4.2导学案的有效使用策略 (29)

4.2.1提高学生的重视程度 (29)

4.2.2教师及时检查批改 (30)

4.2.3多环节使用 (30)

4.2.4反思总结再循环 (31)

4.3导学案使用实践 (31)

4.3.1优化导学案的有效使用——以“自由落体运动”为例 (32)

4.3.2评价访问 (36)

4.3.3优化导学案实施成绩对比 (37)

5总结与展望 (38)

5.1结论 (38)

5.2展望 (38)

参考文献 (39)

附录一一年十二班期末考试成绩单 (40)

附录二平抛运动导学案完整版 (41)

致谢 (46)