#(外文翻译_中英文对照)

Moving from Classic ASP to https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, ABSTRACT

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is Microsoft new offering for Web application development, innovation within https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, have resulted in significant industry popularity for this product. Consequently there is an increased need for https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, education. The Web Application Development is a third year undergraduate course. To meet the demands of both industry and students, we have changed the focus of this course from Classic ASP to https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,. This paper reports this move. The significant features of https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, and the motivations for this move are discussed. The process, the problems encountered, and some helpful online learning resources are described.

Key words

Web Application Development, Classic ASP, https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,, Move, https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,

1. INTRODUCTION

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is not just a new version of ASP. It provides innovation for moving Windows applications to Web applications. Web services and the .NET framework have made the vision of the Web as the next generation computing platform a reality. With server controls, Web forms and “code-behind”, we can develop a Web application by using a complete object-oriented programming (OOP) model. This increases the popularity of https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, in industry. The industry project is the final course of the Bachelor of Computing Systems (BCS) degree at UNITEC, in which students undertake a real-world project. We have observed a rapid growth of https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, related industry projects in our school.

The Web Application Development (WAD) paper is a third year undergraduate course. It was originally offered using ASP 2.0 and ColdFusion. To meet the demands from both industry and students, we have changed the course content to cover https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,, Visual https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, (https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,) and ColdFusion. This change commenced with the first semester of 2003.

This paper will examine the features of https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, and explain why these are unique. The motivations for moving to https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, are discussed by analyzing the current situation of https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, related to industry projects in our school, analyzing the results of short surveys on students, and analyzing whether https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is a better tool for teaching. Problems encountered during the move are also discussed and some of the learning resources are presented. It is anticipated that these will be helpful for

teachers who intend to introduce https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,.

2. WHAT MAKES https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, SPECIAL?

There are many articles on the Internet discussing the advantages of https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, over Classic Active Server Pages (ASP), such as that https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, introduces an integrated development environment (IDE), a single development library for all types of applications, compiled as well as strongly typed code, and a true OO approach to Web application development (Goodyear, 2002, Bloom, 2002).

Traditionally, we have three versions of ASP (ASP 1.0, ASP 2.0 and ASP 3.0), which are called Classic ASP. Although each version provides certain new features to overcome the shortcomings of its predecessors, these versions of ASP follow the same working model and share many limitations. Their successor https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, supports complete new working model while preserving the traditional working model and provides innovative techniques to overcome the limitations of Classic ASP.

2.1. Architecture

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, enhances and extends the Windows DNA (Windows Distributed interNet Application). The windows DNA specification is a methodology for building n-tier applications using Microsoft (DCOM/COM) technologies. Breaking applications into functional pieces and deploying these across a network is a strategy to make better use of organizational resources. This needs a well-planned architecture. In the past, usually it was the windows DNA. DCOM communication normally has problems with firewalls and proxy servers. This means Windows DNA usually only works well within an intranet, not on the Internet. DCOM/ COM also need registry entries.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, makes the process of creating and integrating Web Services easier, which can be used in a similar manner to the Windows DNA. Here DCOM/COM is no longer involved. HTTP (as channels), SOAP (as formatters) and XML are used for communication and data-transfer between distributed components. This overcomes the problem of communicating across the Internet and across corporate firewalls

without resorting to proprietary solutions that require additional communications ports to be opened to external access. In addition, URI (uniform resource identifier) and UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) are used for remote components references instead of registry entries.

2.2. Development

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, integrates seamlessly with https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, IDE. https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, includes built-in support for creating and modifying content. This unifies the ASP/VB programming models for the developers. Instead of opening multiple IDEs (as with Classic ASP platform), developers can open a single IDE and do all their work from a clean, consistent interface. https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is equipped with powerful debugging environment. This means that the powerful debugger for Windows applications is now available to debug Web applications as well.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, enables programmers to take advantage of the OOP model, for example, code sharing. Under OOP model, one of the most common ways to achieve code sharing is inheritance, which is not available in Classic ASP. Since complete OO features are supported in https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,, developers can transfer their OO design smoothly into https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, code, enabling a software company to keep their Windows application development styles, with which they are familiar, in Web application development; and also they can convert their Windows applications into Web applications without major modifications.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,’s improved state maintenance features enable us to provide users with Web applications that are richer and faster than Classis ASP (Olges,2002). https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, supports advanced session state management. There are two major problems with session management in Classic ASP: session objects are stored in the Web server memory and session IDs are stored on the client computers as cookies. These prevent session management from being efficiently implemented. https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, solves these problems in two ways: it provides a “cookieless” option for session objects so that a session ID can be passed via URL; it provides three different session modes (in process, state server, and SQL Server), so that a session object can either be stored on the Web server, a remote server or a database.

3. THE MOTIVATIONS FOR MOVING

3.1. The industry motivation

I’ve checked almost all the industry projects in our school for three semesters on whether they are WAD related, if yes, then what tools they have used. Table 1 shows

a brief summary of the results.

For these three semesters, the total ASP/https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, projects are increasing, but slowly. However the Classic ASP projects are dropping quickly and the https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, projects are increasing rapidly (in the speed of more than 12% per semester). This gives us an idea that

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is preferred over Classic ASP in industry especially given that https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is only officially first released in 2002. Our student’s feedbacks from their industry communication confirm this view. A huge number of articles on the Internet also support this view. This encourages us to drop Classic ASP and move to https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, in our WAD course. Higher education has over years recognized that it is a service industry and has to revaluate their approach in the industry by placing greater emphasis on meeting the expectations and needs of their stakeholders (Nair, 2002). 3.2. The student motivation

The students demand https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,. When students enroll in our WAD course, most of them are aiming to become a professional software developer. As a matter of fact, some of them already are software developers, or they were software developers and are seeking to return to the workplace. Techniques highly demanded in workplace are of great interest to them.

A short survey has been given to past students and current students respectively. For the past students, among the 11 responses, 100% students still want to learn https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,; and if they are given choice, 82% students prefer to learn https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, rather than Classic ASP, 18% students like to learn both. These answers are also supported by comments, such as “I would prefer to know the technology that the industry requires me to work with”, “I would like to work in future as a WAD professional and

I think https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, would be useful in this field.” For the current students, among the

16 responses, 75% students prefer to learn https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, rather than Classic ASP. However, 25% students answered no idea. This could be due to that they lack of knowledge of Classic ASP. This survey is done after 6 weeks of teaching.

3.3. The pedagogical motivation

Pedagogically speaking, a good tool for industry is not necessarily a good tool for teaching. Is https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, a better tool for teaching than Classic ASP?

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, provides much richer language features than Classic ASP. We often have options to perform certain tasks. A key benefit of https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is that there exists a more gradual transition in programming models from simple to powerful, or from

easy to difficult. Although https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, supports OOP model, you don’t have to program by using that model. A Web form without “code-behind” will work perfectly. An https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, web page in complete Classic ASP model will still work. Although https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is integrated with https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,, we are not limited to use https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,. A notepad and a FTP client with a pre-created Web application directory also allow us to develop a reasonably large https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, application. With https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,, we can either develop a large distributed application with numbers of Web services and consumers, or develop a single simple Web application. Therefore, https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, provides sufficient room for us to organize course materials at a suitable level for the students. The challenge for a lecturer is how to settle in at the right balance of power vs. simplicity, or at the right balance of difficulty vs. ease.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, offers a more conventional approach to programming than does Classic ASP. It possesses all the features of a modern programming language. The Classic ASP programming style favors developers coming from HTML coding background, whereas https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is more suited to professional software developers. Given our entire WAD students have taken C/Delphi programming courses, and our aim is to output software professionals, https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is a better teaching tool for us. https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, enhances the programming concepts the students learned from the previous courses and provides a good bridge to Advanced Distributed Computing and Advanced Object- Oriented Programming.

4. THE PROCESS

Our first step was to learn https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,. After reading books and online tutorials, the next step is practical. We set an implementation server on the laptop in a stand-alone environment. The .NET Framework requires IIS 5 and the above; Windows 2000 or Windows XP professional will work with .NET. However, Windows XP home edition or Windows 98 won’t work. On the client side, we can either use https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, or WebMatrix. Among these, only https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, costs money. The .NET Framework is included inside the https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, package. We also can download the .NET Framework from the Internet. After the .NET Framework is installed, the

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, QuickStart Tutorial is set up. It is also found on the Internet. This tutorial is a good starting point for experienced developers. It is claimed that the readers “should be fluent in HTML and general Web development terminology. ……should be familiar with the concepts behind interactive Web pages, including forms, scripts, and data access.”More complicated examples can be found from Microsoft .NET Framework SDK Documentation or Microsoft Visual Studio .NET Documentation.

The second step was to test the teaching environment. A teaching server was set up for the Intranet on campus. It is configured for the client computers in the teaching lab. https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is installed on the client computers. https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, provides two ways to access the Web server: FrontPage server extensions and File share. The FrontPage server extension is used on our teaching server. Programming testing has been done on all the major aspects of WAD. Except a few special ones, most of the problems occurred during the testing were minor problems which, after the communication with our Web technician, were resolved.

Teaching materials have been updated. The major changes have been made on the data interaction, form and controls, application/session management, and error handling. Given that https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, has made XML very practical and the using of Web service much easier. A lecture on XML and Web service has been added. As a result, ColdFusion lectures are reduced. The assessment has been adjusted accordingly. 5. THE PROBLEMS

We have to admit that https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, with https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is a much more complicated client server environment than the Classic ASP environment. This complexity comes from the https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, configuration system and the integration between the client computers and the Web server.

On https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, server, each level of the application directory can have a configuration file. All these configuration files are optional except Machine.config. A developer has full control over those optional configuration files. Developers become more involved with the server settings via these files. One problem that happened to several students and myself on our home servers is the permission problem. We found our https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, applications didn’t have permission to write to database/XML files. Microsoft (2003) provides three solutions to this problem. The simplest one is to change the Machine.config file and set the username attribute to SYSTEM in the section.

We observed that https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, behave differently in a stand-alone environment, a single user client server environment, and a multiple user client server environment. A few problems don’t occur in the first two environments occur frequently in the last environment. The major one is when we try to create a new project or open an existing project, we often get an error message, “The user name or password you entered is incorrect, or you do not have authorization to permit this operation”, even if our user name and password are perfectly correct. This problem seems to be caused by FrontPage server extensions. Regularly cleaning VSWebCache partially solved the

problem. This approach is confirmed by Kiely (2003).

Another problem is a debug problem. When we try to use Debug|Start or Debug|Start Without Debugging in the multiple user client server environment within https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,, we often get error messages. “…… Unable to start debugging on the web server. ……”. However, we don’t have the same problem for Debug|Start Without Debugging in the single user client server environment. We don’t have any problem in a standalone environment. After adding users to the debugging group on the server, the problem still exists. The reason of this problem is not clear to the author.

6. RESOURCES

There is a huge amount of helpful online learning resources related to https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,. Here are a couple of them, which are particularly helpful to the author.

. Accessed April 17, 2003. This site provides many tutorials covering wide range https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, concepts. They usually show you how to do a particular task step by step. Some of the examples have both C# and VB versions.

. Accessed April 17, 2003. This site provides many articles from intermediate level to highly technical level. These articles are mostly from online magazines and they discuss many interesting topics in https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,.

. Accessed May 5, 2003. This site provides free source code and tutorials for developers. We can find complete examples for some typical tasks.

. Accessed May 5, 2003. This site provides wide range of tutorials for different levels of readers. This is my favorite site. I’ve been with it since Classic ASP. I found that whenever I meet a challenging problem, I always find a solution here.

. Accessed May 5, 2003. This site provides wide range of articles for different levels of readers. Articles are grouped according to topics, which is very helpful when we do research on a particular topic.

7. CONCLUSION

Moving from Classic ASP to https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, has proven to be a challenging and exciting process. The author has learned a lot in this process. From the responses to our six-week survey, 100% students feel our WAD course challenging. However, most of them still prefer to learn https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, rather than Classic ASP. We feel confident about the move. The issue is how to organize the course and help the students meet the challenge. https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, is certainly an outstanding tool for both teaching and development. As a new development platform, we do need some time to absorb all the new features.

从经典ASP到https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,

摘要

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,是微软公司基于网络使用程序新开发出的产品，这个产品的普及在https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的创新当中具有重大意义，因此在https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,方面的教育有了很大的需求。Web使用程序的发展是大学生在大三时要学习的课程。为了同时满足行业和学生们的需求，我们已经改变了这个从传统的ASP到https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,课程的焦点。本文就报道了这一举措。关于https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,和这次变革动机的显著特点进行了讨论，并且在这个讨论过程中，对遇到的问题和一些对我们有益的网上学习资源进行了阐述。

关键字

网络使用程序，经典ASP，https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,，移动，https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,

1.介绍

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,不仅仅是一个关于ASP的新的版本，从窗体使用到网络使用它提供的是创新。网络服务器和.NET的架构关于网络使用有一个想象，就是把它作为下一代计算机平台并努力使其成为现实。伴随着服务器的控件，网络窗体和隐藏的代码这些东西，我们可以开发出一个Web使用程序，通过使用一个完整的面向对象编程（OOP）模型。这就增加了https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,在行业中的普及。这个产业项目是新加坡UNITEC理工学院的计算机系统学士的最后的课程，这是学生从事的一个真正的接近现实世界中的设计。我们已经看到了在我们的学校中https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,相关产业的快速增长。

Web使用程序开发论文是本科生大三的课程内容，它最初是提供使用ASP 2.0和ColdFusion。为了满足行业和学生的需求，我们已经改变课程内容并且涵盖了https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,, Visual https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,(https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,)和ColdFusion，这种变化从是2003年的第一学期开始的。

本文将探讨https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的有关功能，并解释为什么这些是独一无二的。关于迁移到https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的动机我们也进行了讨论并且分析了在我们学校相关https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,行业的目前的情况，还对学生的短期调查结果进行了分析，同时还分析了对于教学来说https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,是否是一个好的工具。我们还就在迁移过程中遇到的问题进行了讨论，并提出一些和学习有关的资源。根据预计，就打算引进https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,对教师来说是有帮助的。

2.什么使https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,变得特别？

在互联网上有许多的讨论https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的优点的文章并且文章数目超过了经典的ASP，例如， https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,引入了一个集成开发环境（IDE ），一个单一的使用开发库为所有类型的使用程序服务，编译以及强类型的输入代码，一个真正的面向对象的Web使用程序开发(Goodyear, 2002, Bloom, 2002)。

从传统上来说，我们有三个版本的ASP(ASP 1.0, ASP 2.0 和ASP 3.0)被叫

做传统的ASP。虽然这里面的每个版本都提供一些新的特点来去克服前一个版本的缺点，但是这些版本的ASP遵循着相同的工作模式并且有着许多的限制。但是他们的继任者https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,支持完整的新的工作模式，同时保留了传统的工作模式，并提供创新的技术支持，以克服传统的ASP的局限性。

2.1.构建

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,增强和扩展了Windows DNA （ Windows分布式互联网使用）。对Windows DNA的详述，是一个利用微软公司（DCOM / COM）的技术构建的n层使用程序的方法。闯入功能件的使用和部署这些在网络上设计，是一项战略，以便于更好地利用组织资源。这需要一个精心策划的架构。在过去的一段时间里，Windows的DNA .DCOM通信通常有防火墙和代理服务器的问题。这意味着Windows DNA中通常只能在一个Intranet中工作，而不是在互联网上，而DCOM / COM的还需要注册表项才能使用。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,创建和集成Web服务变得更加容易，它也可以在Windows DNA的过程中使用类似的方式。这里的DCOM / COM将不再参和。HTTP（像通道），SOAP （格式化）和XML被用于分布式组件之间的通信和数据的传输。这克服了在跨越互联网和企业防火墙的通信的问题而不诉诸专有的需要额外的通信端口被打开外部访问的解决方案。此外，URI（统一资源标识符）和UDDI（通用描述发现和集成）被用于远程组件的引用，而不是注册表项上。

2.2.发展

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,无缝集成和https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, IDE。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,包括用于创建和修改的内容的内置支持。这结合以往ASP / VB编程模型的开发过程。它代替打开多个集成开发环境（如经典的ASP平台），开发人员可以只打开一个IDE并且做所有他们想做的工作从一个干净的，始终如一的界面上完成。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,还配备了强大的调试环境。这意味着，强大的调试器从以往的调试Windows使用程序到现在可以调试Web使用程序。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,使程序员能够充分利用面向对象的模型的优势，例如，代码共享。根据面向对象的模型，实现代码共享的最常见的方式之一，是继承，这在传统的ASP中是不能实现的。由于在https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,中支持完整的面向对象的功能，开发人员可以将其OO设计流畅的设计进https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的代码中，并授权给一家在Web使用程

序开发方面和他们有相似地方的软件公司，以保持他们原有的Windows使用程序开发方式；同时这些开发人员也可以转变他们的Windows使用程序在Web程序而没有重大的修改。

改进https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的状态维护功能，使我们能够为用户提供比传统的ASP更加丰富和更快捷的Web使用程序（ Olges ，2002年）。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,还支持先进的会话状态管理。在传统的ASP会话管理中有两个主要问题：会话对象被存储在Web服务器的内存中和会话ID作为Cookie存储在客户端的计算机上。这些阻止会话管理的问题被有效的实施。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,从两个方面解决了这个问题：首先它提供了一个“无Cookie”会话对象的选项，这样可以通过URL传递会话ID；其次它提供了三种不同的会议模式（进程中，状态服务器和SQL Server ），以便一个会话对象可以存储在Web服务器上，远程服务器或者数据库中。

3. 改变的动机

3.1.业内动机

我已经检查了三个学期上几乎所有的行业项目，无论他们是否和我们学校的WAD技术相关，如果是的话，那么他们用的什么工具。表1就展示了一个简要结果。

对于这三个学期来说，总的ASP / https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,项目正在增加，但是速度缓慢。然而，传统的ASP项目正在迅速下降，在这个同时https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的项目在以每学期超过12％的速度迅速增加。这就给了我们一个好的想法，是关于https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,已经成为行业的首选产业，特别是对这个https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,正式于2002年首次发布的想法。我们的学生的反馈信息也证实了其业界的沟通这一观点。互联网上的文章数量的庞大，也支持了这一观点。这鼓励我们在我们的WAD课程中放弃传统的ASP从而使用https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,。多年来高等教育已经认识到它是一个服务的行业并且不得不重新估计他们的方法在这个行业上，他们将更加重视对会议的期望和他们的利益相关者的需求(Nair, 2002)。

3.2. 学生的学习动机

学生们需要https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,。当学生报名参加我们的网络使用程序发展课程时，他们其中的大多数的目标是要成为一名专业的软件开发人员。事实上，他们其中的一些人已经是软件开发人员了，或者曾经是软件开发人员现在正希望重返职场。他们最感兴趣的是在工作场所的高技术要求。

一个简短的调查显示了过去的学生和现在的学生的差别。从过去的学生中看，在11个回应中，100%的学生都一直想要学习https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,；并且如果给他们选择的话，82%的学生喜欢学习https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,，而不是传统的ASP，而18%的学生是这两者都喜欢。这些答案也支持了这些观点：像“我宁愿知道该行业需要我去工作的技术”，“我想在今后找一个以WAD为职业的工作所以我认为https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,会在这方面

有用的”。对于当前的学生来说，在16个回应中，75％的学生喜欢学习https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, ，而不是传统的ASP。然而，25％的学生回答不知道。这可能是由于他们缺乏传统的ASP有关的知识。这个调查是在六周的教学之后完成的。

3.3. 教学动机

从教学上来说，一个行业中的好工具，不一定是教学中的好工具。相比传统的ASP来说https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,能做作为更好的教学工具么？

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,比传统的ASP提供了更丰富的语言功能，我们常常有选择的执行某些任务。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的一个关键的好处是存在一个编程模型从简单到强大的过渡，或者是从容易到困难。虽然https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,支持OOP模型，但是你不必计划利用该模型。一个没有“隐藏代码”Web表单将更好地工作。一个https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,网页在完整的传统ASP模型中仍能一直工作。虽然https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,集成于https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,，但是我们不仅限于使用https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,。一个记事本和FTP客户端和一个预先创建的Web使用程序目录也使我们能够开发一个相当大的https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,使用程序。伴随着https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,，我们可以开发一个大型的有许多Web服务和消费者的分布式使用，或建立一个单一的简单的Web使用程序。因此，https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,提供了足够的空间给我们去组织一个适合学生们水平的教材。讲师所面临的挑战是如何解决找到一个平衡关于能力和朴素，或者找到一个容易和困难的平衡点。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,提供一个比传统的ASP更常见的编程方法。它拥有现代编程语言的所有功能。传统的ASP编程风格，喜欢开发商来自HTML编码的背景，而https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html, 是更适合专业软件开发人员。给我们全部的WAD学生讲授C/Delphi编程的课程，我们的目标是输出软件人才，https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,对我们来说是一个更好的教学工具。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,增强了编程的概念并为学生学习以前的课程和现在先进的分布式计算技术和先进的面向对象编程提供了一个很好的桥梁。

4. 过程

我们的第一步是学习https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,。之后阅读书籍和在线教程后，下一步是实用的。我们在笔记本电脑的独立运行环境上建立一个服务器。.NET的框架需要在IIS5或者以上的环境中运行；Windows 2000 or Windows XP专业版也能运行.NET。然而，在Windows XP家庭版或Windows 98中将无法正常工作。在客户端上，我们可以使用https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,或者WebMatrix。在这些当中，只有https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,需要花钱。.NET 的框架包含在https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的程序包中。我们也可以下载.NET的框架从互联网上。在.NET框架被安装后，https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,快速入门教程被建立了。互联网上也可以发现它。本教程是一个很好的出发点对有经验的开发人员来说。它声称读者“应该精通HTML和一般的Web开发语言. ……应该熟悉交互式网页，包括形式，脚本和数据访问背后的概念。”从微软公司的.NET Framework SDK文档或Microsoft Visual Studio .NET文档中可以发现更复杂的例子。

第二步是检验教学环境。从校园网上成立一个教学服务器。在计算机教学实验室中它被配置为客户端。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,被安装客户端计算机上。https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,提供了两种方式来访问Web服务器：网页服务器的扩展和文件共享。网页服务器的扩展被用在我们的教学服务器上。编程测试已完了在WAD上的所有主要方面。除了少数特殊的，大多数问题发生在测试过程中，在和我们的技术人员沟通之后，我们解决了这些问题。

教学用的教程已经更新了。主要大的改变在数据交互，形式和控制，使用/会话管理，以及错误处理。考虑到https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,有非常实用的XML并且使用起Web服务器更加的方便。关于XML和Web的演讲已经被添加，所以使用服务器平台的讲座减少了。评估也作出了相应的调整。

5. 一些问题

我们不得不承认，相比传统的ASP运行环境来说https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,和https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,是是一个更复杂的客户端服务器环境。这种复杂性来自https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的配置系统和客户端计算机和Web服务器之间的整合。

在https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,服务器上，每个水平的使用程序的目录都能有一个配置文件。所有的这些配置文件都是可选的但是Machine.config类型的除外。一个开发人员已经能够完全控制那些可选的配置文件。开发人员通过这些服务器建立的这些文件设置变得有关联了。有一个问题是发生在一些学生和我自己身上的，在我们的家中的服务器上存在着权限问题。我们发现我们的https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,使用程序没有去写入数据库或者XML文件的权限。微软（2003）提供了三种解决方案来解决这个问题。其实最简单的一个是去改变Machine.config文件并且在章节中设置用户系统的属性。

我们观察到https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,在一个独立的环境中的行为表现是不同的，一个单一的用户客户端服务器环境，和一个多样的用户客户端服务器环境。一些问题不发生在第一或第二环境中而是频繁的发生在最近运行的环境中。其中主要的一个问题是，当我们试着创建一个新的项目或者打开一个现有的项目的时候，我们经常会获得一个错误的信息，“你输入的用户名或者密码是错误的，或者你没有被授权进行此操作”，尽管我们的用户名和密码是完全正确的。这个问题看上去似乎是由网页服务器扩展引起的。定期清理VS网络缓存解决了部分的问题。这个方法在2003年的时候被Kiely证实。

另一个问题是一个调试问题。当我们试着用调试|启动或者调试|开始时却没有在多个用户的客户端服务器里的https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,中调试，我们经常受到错误的信息。“……无法在Web服务器上启动调试……”。然而，我们也没有同样的问题为调试|开始而没有在单用户客户端服务器环境中进行的调试。在独立的环境中我们不可能有任何的问题。当用户在服务器上添加调试组后，这个问题仍然存在。对

作者来说这个问题的原因也是不明确的。

6. 资源

在网上有大量的有益的涉及到https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的学习资源。下面列举出来一些，这些都是对作者特别有用的网站。

. 2003年4月17日访问。这个网站提供了很多的教程，涵盖范围广泛的https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,概念。他们通常会一步一步的告诉你如何去做一个特定的任务。

. 2003年4月17日访问。这个网站提供了许多从中级水平到高级技术水平的文章。这些文章几乎都是来自网上杂志并且他们讨论了许多有趣的关于https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,的话题。

. 2003年5月5日访问。这个网站为开发人员提供免费的代码和教程。我们可以从一些典型的任务中找到完整的例子。

年5月5日访问。这个网站提供为不同水平的读者提供范围广泛的教程。这个是我最喜欢的网站。自从传统的ASP开始我就一直用它。我发现无论什么时候我遇到了具有挑战性的问题的时候，我总是能在这解决。

. 2003年5月5日访问。这个网站为不同水平的读者提供范围广泛的文章。文章按照主题分类，当我们对某一特定主题进行研究的时候这是非常有益的。7. 结束语

从传统的ASP迁移到现在的https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,已经被证明是一个具有挑战性和令人兴奋的过程。在这个过程中笔者了解了很多。从我们六个星期的调查的回应中，100%的学生觉得我们的WAD课程具有挑战性。然而，他们当中的大多数一直比较喜欢学习https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,相对于传统的ASP来说。从这个举措中我们感觉到了自信。眼下的问题是如何组织这个课程和如何帮助学生迎接挑战。为了教学和发展https://www.360docs.net/doc/996978030.html,当然是一个优秀的工具。作为一个新的发展平台，我们确实需要一些时间来吸收所有的新的功能。