专四大四选词填空练习题

针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步：

1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记；

2.精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性；

3.把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。

1.

[A]changes[B]flexible[C]decrease[D]recent[E]push[F]reduce[G]relatively[H]safety[I]re sistant[J]expensive[K]force[L]accordingly[M]intensity[N]security[O]opposed

After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.

Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city's highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.

In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake's vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes often take place.

The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

[A]possession[B]save[C]best[D]appliance[E]material[F]from [G]simple[H]with[I]in[J]element[K]model[L]item [M]easy[N]adopt

[O]reasonable

Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually _1__ you money or can add to the cost. Take the __2__example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the _3__ buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest__4_price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive_5___to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.

So what principles should you____when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable 7____ in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new 8____ , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive 9____ , or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 10 ____three items or three estimates.

A) pose B) exaggerated C) accelerating D) extinct E) exist

F) perception G) wealthy H) magnified I) starving J) head

K) running L) predicted M) abundant N) conception O) reducing For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hitlist of our main fears: natural resources are 1____ out? the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat? species are becoming 2____ in vast numbers, and the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more 3____ not less so, since the book 'The Limits to Growth' was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per 4____ of the world's population than at any time in history. Fewer people are 5____ . Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25~50%, as has so often been 6____ . And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been 7____ , or are transient - associated with the early stages of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by 8_____ it. One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to 9____ a devastating (令人心神不安的) problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.

Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and some factors seem to cause this disjunction between 10____ and reality.

4.

What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _ 1 _ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're

2 ___with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3____ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4____ ways of doing it.

The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans”eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5_____ by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.

Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6____ .

But strong opinions have not brought 7___ . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8____ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

The 9___ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It's what we eat—and how we 10____ it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.

A. answer

B. result

C. share

D. guilty

E. constant

F. defined

G. vanish

H. adapted

I. creative

J. belief

K. suspicious

L. certainty

M. obsessed

N. identify

O. Ideals

5.

There's no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 1 ___to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2____ for fossil fuels?

Global warming can seem too 3____ to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 4____ that often can't get next week's weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn't be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5___ change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.

Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6____ is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren't pretty. Ice is 7____ , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8____ , threatening communities.

The 9____ are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn't be out of mind, because they are omens of what's in store for the 10____ of the planet.

[A]remote

[B]techniques

[C]consisting

[D]rest

[E]willing

[F]climate

[G]skill

[H]appetite

[I]melting

[J]vanishing

[K]eroding

[L]temperature

[M]curiosity

[N]changes

[O]skillful

6.

EI NIno is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.This strange __1__ happens every five to eight years.It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in __2__, the ocean temperature rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5°C.

The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects.The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe __3__ thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American __4__ floods to Peru.In the West pacific,there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia.So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and __5__.

EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most __6__weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds __7__ of damage.The 1990 EI Nino will __9__, but they are still not __10__ sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

[A] estimate

[B] strength

[C] deliberately

[D] notify

[E] tropical

[F] phenomenon

[G] stable

[H] attraction

[I] completely

[J] destructive

[K] starvation

[L] bringing

[M] exhaustion

[N] worth

[O] strike

7.Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are

remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them __1__ to people saying there is anything different about them. "I'm really just a normal guy," __2__ an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their __3__ fans suggest. They start to wear __4__ clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had __5__ risen above it all.

What will it feel like to soar to such __6__ and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to __7__ from your dream and realize you; are only human? Some only see the __8__ in losing something they had gained. They often make __9__ attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become __10__ financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.

[A] desperate

[B] disappointing

[C] cruelty

[D] bankrupt

[E] fancy

[F] protects

[G] altitude

[H] similarly

[I] wake

[J] contest

[K] object

[L] worshiping

[M] dignity

[N] originally

[O] protests

8.When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a

few words of English. Education soon became a __1__. "I couldn't understand anything," he said. He __2__ from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.

Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his __3__Spanish." She helped me stay smart while teaching me English," he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he __4__ confidence and began to succeed in school.

Today, he is a __5__ doctor, runs his own clinic ,and works with several hospitals .Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he __6__ through bilingual education to treat his patients.

Roberto's story is just one of __7__ success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most __8__ way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students __9__ outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif. , implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college __10__ rates of more than 90%.In E1 Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.

[A] wonder

[B] acquired

[C] consistently

[D] regained

[E] nightmare

[F] native

[G] acceptance

[H] effective

[I] hid

[J] prominent

[K] decent

[L] countless

[M] recalled

[N] breakthrough

[O] automatically

9.As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into

the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education __1__. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the __2__ of peacemakers. The Children's Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated(提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. groups of children __3__ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace.

The classroom __4__ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with __5__, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step __6__toward becoming peacemakers.

Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are __7__ useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and __8__ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the __9__ of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the __10__ school.

[A] victims

[B] technology

[C] role

[D] respectively

[E] projects

[F] offers

[G] information

[H] images

[I] forward

[J] especially

[K] entire

[L] cooperative

[M] comprehensive

[N] assuming

[O] acting

10.Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to

cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.

In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

[A] mental

[B] promise

[C] kill

[D] avoid

[E] hope

[F] especially

[G] aid

[H] ordinary

[I] approval

[J] monetary

[K] generally

[L] improve

[M] challenging

[N]restore

[O] excellent

11.Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the

text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on.

For most of the time this “conversation”goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.

Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process”conversation as __8__ to a “content”conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.

[A] opposed

[B] converse

[C] equally

[D] written

[E] developed

[F] strategies

[G] compared

[H] awake

[I] higher

[J] expectations

[K] deal

[L] absolutely

[M] aware

[N] better

[O]further

12.There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in

spelling .No school I have taught in has ever __1__ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much __2__ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and __3__ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__ child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“This work is __7__! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认的).”It may have been a sharp__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.

[A] priority

[B] criticism

[C] contained

[D] clearly

[E] adventurous

[F] discourage

[G] motivation

[H] terrible

[I] ignored

[J] difficult

[K] encourage

[L] expressed

[M] confidently

[N] bright

[O] motive