2012年宁波大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年宁波大学考博英语真题及详解
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
By the1980’s,according to international but admitted inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven(1)_____ten adults in the world were considered(2)_____.The increase in literacy from ancient(3)_____to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress.The ability of people within a given(4)_____to read and write(5)_____influenced by a number of(6)_____, including(7)_____well-being,the(8)_____of material(9)_____,the amount of education available,and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
(10)_____those factors,usefulness has probably been the most(11)_____.In ancient societies,as people(12)_____into stable patterns of agriculture trade,it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep(13)_____,to(14)_____business,and to(15)_____ amounts of land,animals,goods,materials,and products.Since all economic aspects of a society were closely(16)_____to the operation of the government,literacy became useful and even (17)_____for the keeping of records by officials.The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome,but in addition to that,there also grew an appreciation of good literature,poetry,drama,history,and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages,with the general(18)_____of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce,literacy became largely confined(19)_____the church.But in the (20)_____Middle Ages,in the period of Renaissance,the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
1.[A]out of
[B]out
[C]of
[D]in
2.[A]literate
[B]literacy
[C]literature
[D]literary
3.[A]time
[B]times
[C]day
[D]days
4.[A]society
[B]societies
[C]group
[D]groups
5.[A]is
[B]has been
[D]to be
6.[A]factors
[B]factor
[C]reason
[D]reasons
7.[A]economic
[B]economical
[C]economics
[D]economy
8.[A]reaching
[B]acquisition
[C]availability
[D]getting
9.[A]reading
[B]read
[C]to read
[D]readings
10.[A]On
[B]Of
[C]In
[D]During
11.[A]decide
[B]decision
[C]deciding
[D]decisive
12.[A]set
[B]seated
[C]settled
[D]said
13.[A]record
[B]records
[C]diary
[D]diaries
14.[A]do
[B]make
[C]involve
[D]transact
15.[A]decide
[B]measure
[C]see
[D]feel
16.[A]tied
[B]tried
[D]ties
17.[A]necessarily
[B]necessity
[C]necessary
[D]need
18.[A]breakthrough
[B]breakoff
[C]breakout
[D]breakdown
19.[A]to
[B]in
[C]within
[D]with
20.[A]from
[B]late
[C]later
[D]former
【答案与解析】
1.A seven out of ten十分之七，百分之七十；固定数字表达。大致句意是：根据国际上的
说法，到1980年，世界上有7/10的成年人被认为是…。A选项最符合句意表达。2.A literate受过教育的；有读写能力的。literacy名词，读写能力。literature名词，文学。
literary文学的；书面的。根据上下文可知句意是：到1980年，世界上有7/10的成年人被认为是受过教育的。因此答案选A。
3.B ancient times古代，固定表达。句意：从古代到现在，读写能力的提高并不是一个没有
间断的进步的过程。
4.A根据上下文可知这里表达的意思是：在一个特定的社会团体里的人们的读写能力由很
多因素影响…society社会；因此本题答案选A。
5.B根据句意分析可知：在一个特定的社会团体里的人们的读写能力由很多因素影响…，
这里应该用现在完成时，表示过去对现在的影响，答案选B。
6.A a number of一般修饰名词的复数形式，所以可以排除B和C选项。factor因素；reason
原因。这里表示的应该是“影响因素”，因此答案应该选A。
7.A economic经济的，经济上的，和经济有关的；economical经济的，节约的；economics
名词，经济学；economy名词，经济。该空格处应该填入economic，economic well-being 表示“经济福利，经济状况”，因此答案选A。
8.C availability可获得性。这里句意是：影响人们读写能力的因素有经济状况，可供阅读的
材料，教育水平以及阅读的作用。C选项符合句意要求，因此答案选C。
9.C to read动词不定式做后置定语修饰material，表示“可供阅读的材料”。
10.B of those factors在那些因素中，of表示在……范围内。其它选项的介词不表示这种概
念，因此正确答案是B。
11.D通过分析句子结构可知此处应该填入的是一个形容词。四个选项中只有decisive是形
容词，句意是：这些因素中只有有效性是其决定性作用的。因此本题答案选D。12.C settle into适应，习惯于……，固定搭配。句子意思是：在古代社会，人们适应了农业
贸易的稳定模式。
13.B根据上下文可知句子完整意思是：在古代，人们适应了农业贸易的稳定模式，他们觉
得通过读和写来记录是非常有用的。keep records保持记录，固定短语搭配。
14.D根据空格后business一词可知这里填入transact（交易）最恰当，表示“商业交易往
来”的意思，正确答案选D。
15.B decide决定；measure丈量，测量；feel感受；see看见。这里应该是测量土地面积
的意思，因此B选项最符合句意，答案选B。
16.A根据上下文可知此处表达的意思是：一个社会的所有经济方面都与政府的运作密切相
关。be close tied to与……密切相关。选项A组成固定搭配，符合句意，因此正确答案选A。
17.C根据空格前and一词，可推测出空格处应填入与前面useful词性相同的词，故应填一
个形容词。四个选项中只有necessary是形容词，因此答案选C。
18.D breakthrough突破；breakoff中止；breakout爆发；breakdown崩溃瓦解；衰弱。此处
应该是表示社会的衰弱，所以应该选breakdown。句意是：在中世纪早期，随着欧洲社会的普遍衰弱和商业的减少，读写能力在很大程度上仅限于教堂。
19.A be confined to限制于，限制在；confine通常与介词to搭配使用，因此正确答案选A。
20.B上文提到“during the early Middle Ages”，在中世纪早期；可以推断出此处应该描写的
是中世纪后期的情况。late晚的；晚期。故答案选B。
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:Reading the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text1
Whether the eyes are“the windows of the soul”is debatable;that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes.The eyes need not be real:a mask with two dots will produce a smile.Significantly,a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile,nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile.This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures.In one study,when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people,75percent of them drew people with mouths,but99percent of them drew people with eyes.In Japan,however,where babies are carried on their mother’s back,infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures.As a result,Japanese adults make little sue of the face with to encode or decode meaning.In fact,Argyle reveals that the“proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner”.
The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two American’s is well defined; speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second,then glance away as they talk;in a few moments they reestablish eye contact with the listener to reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive,then shift their gaze away once more.Listeners,meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker,allowing themselves to glance away only briefly.It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact:if they are not looking,the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses:there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by
21.The author is convinced that the eyes are_____.
[A]of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas
[B]something through which one can see a person’s inner world
[C]of considerable significance in making conversations interesting
[D]something the values of which is largely a matter of long debate
22.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_____.
[A]whose front view is fully perceived
[B]whose face is covered with a mask
[C]whose face is seen from the side
[D]whose face is free of any covering
23.According to the passage,the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck
because_____.
[A]they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
[B]they need not communicate through eye contact
[C]they don’t think it polite to have eye contact
[D]they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood
24.According to the passage,a conversation between two Americans may break down due to_____.
[A]one temporarily glancing away from the other
[B]eye contact of more than one second
[C]improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact
[D]constant adjustment of eye contact
25.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly,it is better for the participants_____.
[A]not to wear dark spectacles
[B]not to make any interruption
[C]not to glance away from each other
[D]not to make unpredictable pauses
【答案与解析】
21.A文章首段第一句提到：Whether the eyes are“the windows of the soul”is debatable;that
they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.可知眼睛在人际交往中起着十分重要的作用是无可争辩的事实。选项A的表述符合原文意思，因此本题答案选A。
22.C文章第一段第四句提到“a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile,
nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile”，只露出一个眼睛的侧面面孔决不能把孩子逗笑。选项C符合题意要求，因此答案选C。
2016年全国医学博士英语统考试题和参考答案
2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷完整版 注：本答案非旭晨考博网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《2017年旭晨医学考博英语一本通第11版》后续更新，将免费提供。 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing. 30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. Part II Vocabulary (10%) Section A Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C
复旦大学中国古代文学0314年考博真题
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复旦大学考博英语试题2003
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全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下载版
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.
2015年复旦大学古代文学考博试题,真题解析,考博经验,考博心得,复试真题,真题笔记
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(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理
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山东大学普外科博士入学考试历年考题整理
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复旦大学考博英语词汇真题模拟 根据复旦大学考博英语考试大纲规定，除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生产的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 一、根据复旦大学考博英语考试大纲规定，每年词汇题共30小题，每小题0.5分，共15分。 预计测试时间(25分钟) 1. Language， culture and personality may be considered of each other in thought， but they are inseparable in fact. [ A ] indistinctly [ B ] separately [ C ] irrelevantly [ D ] independently 2. Shortage of land and funding are blamed for the city‘s green space. [ A ] inefficient [ B ] inaccurate [ C ] inadequate [ D ] indispensable 3. It is well known that knowledge is the __ condition for expansion of mind. [ A ] incompatible [ B ] incredible [ C ] indefinite [ D ] indispensable 4. Although sports __ the household， Joe drew the line when they interfered with family tradi-tions and routine. [ A ] overwhelmed [ B ] affected [ C ] dominated [ D ] influenced 5. Once you have made your point clear at the __ of the essay， you must then proceed to con-vince readers about the position you have taken. [ A ] departure [ B ] outset [ C ] concentration [ D ] initiation 6. These excursions will give you an even deeper __ into our language and culture. [ A ] inquiry [ B ] investigation [ C ] input [ D ] insight 7. The novel contains some marvelously revealing __ of factory life. [ A ] glimpses [ B ] glances [ C ] shots [ D ] insights 8. Changing from solid to liquid， water takes in heat from all substances near it， and this produces artificial cold surrounding it. [ A ] absorption [ B ] transition [ C ] consumption [ D ] interaction （ＰＳ：The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL：四零零 六六八 六九七八） 9. One way for writers to support a point is through ， that is， by means of several examples to back up an idea. [ A ] illustration [ B ] demonstration
全国医学考博英语试题.doc
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.