四级新题型翻译解题技巧

四级新题型翻译解题技巧
四级新题型翻译解题技巧

四级新题型翻译解题技巧

1.首先,确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成),寻找可能的英文相应表达;

2.然后,利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来;

3.最后,结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能,根据句法结构理顺语言。

如:The substance does not dissolve溶入in water

_______________________ (不管是否加热).

[关键词]加热――heat;不管是否――(no matter)

whet her… or not

[连接]heat与其逻辑主语substance之间需采用被动连接,即heat加ed。

[优化]whether (it is) heated or not. ――注意,it is可省略。

[点评]如果heated or not放在句首,whether也可以省略。

翻译的几种基本方法

翻译是一门很复杂的学问,不是三言两语几次讲座所能说明白的。本文也无法涵盖翻译的诸

多方面,只打算就汉译英中的长句的译法、词汇转换、正反译与反正译几种基本方法进行介绍,最后简要提一下翻译中易犯的错误。

一、长句的翻译

英语中长句比较常见,而汉语中句子一般都比较短。因此,在翻译时,为了使译文符合汉语习惯经常需要把英语句子分成几个短句来处理。在将长句切分之前,需要通过语法分析,弄清句子各部分之间的语法关系、逻辑关系、结构层次,尤其是要分辨出长句中的主句及主句中的主语、谓语、宾语。然后,按照汉语的特点和表达方式将长句译为几个短句。在长句的翻译中,通常会用到的方法有对原文逻辑顺序处理的方法:顺译法、倒译法和分译法,以及对原文从句的处理方法。

1.对原文逻辑顺序处理的方法

1)顺译法

所谓顺译法,是指按照原文顺序,从前往后译。

汉语叙述中基本上是按时间先后顺序进行的。在英语中表示连贯动作的并列句也是如此。另外,有些英语长句的逻辑结构和汉语的表达也比较一致。这些情况下,就可以采用顺译法,

按原句顺序翻译。

例如:

1. Trying doors as he went, swinging his club with many clever movements, turning now and then to cast his watchful eyes down the peaceful street, the officer, with his strongly-built form and slight air of superiority, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace.

译文:这位警官边走边审视周围的房门,灵巧的挥动着警棍,警惕的目光不时投向寂静的街头。他身材魁梧,姿态略显神气,展现出一幅和平卫士的优美画面。

原文的主句是the officer, with his strongly-built form and slight air of superiority, made a fine picture of a guardian of the peace。原文一开始先是用时间状语从句描述一连串的伴随动作,随后主句描述动作发出者的样子,描绘顺序符合汉语习惯。因此,按原文顺序翻译。 2)倒译法

所谓倒译法,是指在英语长句中的表达顺序与汉语习惯不一致,或者相反时,需要从后往前翻译的方法。

英语中,句子的顺序通常是先主句后从句,而汉语句子则是恰恰相反,先从句后主句。

英语中时间状语一般放在句子后部,而在汉语中通常时间状语应放在句首。

例如:

We are self-destructive when we envy a student who gets better grades.

译文:当我们嫉妒一个成绩更好的学生时,我们正在自我诋毁。

英语中,逻辑顺序通常是:结果在先,原因在后;推论在先,条件在后;事实在先,让步在后。汉语则相反:先因后果,先条件后推论,先让步后转折。因此,翻译时应注意按照汉语习惯调整语序。

例如:

In August1974,the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on the condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecast.

译文:1974年8月研究所接到指示说,如果研究成果能应用于市场预测,则研究工作可继续进行。

原文中有on the condition that引导的条件状语从句,因此将该部分提前。条件状语从句中which指代the research。3)分译法

有时,英语长句中主句与从句或主句与修饰语之间的关系比较松散,如果按原文翻译,会使译文结构松散,意义不明确,这时,可以按照汉语习惯,将长句拆分为若干个短句,甚至分开来叙述,这就是所谓的分译法。

可以拆分的句子通常带有从句、较多短语或较多并列成分。有时,意义比较复杂的形容词或副词也可能被译为短句,甚至于分拆成独立的句子。这些从句、短语或并列结构等成分分拆出来后,单独译成句子,对句子主干部分进行补充说明。 有些句子仅仅剥离其修饰成分还不够,还需要将句子结构打乱,重新组合。有时需要在译文句子当中添加表示逻辑关系的词。

例如:

The president, in giving to his most powerful and most distinguished rival the greatest place which a president has in his power to bestow, gave an excellent proof of the nobleness of his own spirit.

译文:那位总统把自己的权力所能授予的职位,给予了他的最有势力、而又最为卓越的敌手。这便是他的崇高精神的

最好证据。

原句中状语部分很长,因此按原句结构翻译会使译文很费解。按照句子逻辑意义,将句子从gave处分开,作为两个句子处理,中间加上适当的词联系两句。

2.从句的译法

英语中主从复合句十分常见,但汉语中却没有这样频繁使用从句句式的习惯。因此,在翻译时需要将各种从句进行处理,使之符合汉语习惯。 {详细内容来自https://www.360docs.net/doc/9d10388755.html,} 1)名词性从句

名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等等。通常名词性从句可被译成名词词组,有时原文语序不需变化。

主语从句

What he said was recorded in this book.

译文:他的话被记录在这本书里。

主语从句译为名词词组,原句语序不变。

From some time past it has been widely accepted that babies --- and other creatures --- learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards.

译文:婴儿和其他动物由于某些做法有回报才学着做事情,这种观点在过去一段时间里一直

为人们所广泛接受。

主语从句提前,符合汉语习惯。

宾语从句

宾语从句译为汉语时,通常不需要改变语序。

Many people believe that man is not solving these problems of pollution quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions take him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.

译文:许多人认为,人类没有尽快的解决这些污染问题而只顾谋求私利,以至于错过了悔改的机会,以后才充分认识到这种损害。

原文中有两个由that引导的宾语从句,从句由and连接,翻译时根据其逻辑关系,添加“而”。

表语从句

表语从句翻译时通常也不用改变原文语序。

What he cares is how much profit he can get from the project.

译文:他关心的是他从该项目中能获得多少利润。

句中表语从句仍按原文顺序,主语从句译为名词词组。

同位语从句

同位语从句的翻译主要按照该从句与主句的逻辑关系

来确定,在汉语中译为宾语、定语或补语等,通常不改变原句顺序。

The belief that failure is the mother of success has kept him go on experimenting.

译文:失败是成功之母的信念使他继续进行实验。

同位语从句说明主语内容,译做定语从句。

They jumped to the conclusion that all our flights out of China had been made from Beijing.

译文:他们匆忙作出了结论:我们从中国飞出的飞机都是从北京起飞。

同位语从句前用冒号,原句顺序不变。

There were indications that the enemy had retreated.

译文:有种种迹象表明敌军已经撤退。

根据逻辑关系同位语从句译为宾语从句,原句顺序不变。

2)定语从句

英语中的定语从句包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定

语从句两种,通常在句中起修饰限定作用。但有时定语从句和主句之间还会存在状语的关系。定语从句可被译为做定语

的形容词词

组、独立分句或融合为主语的一部分。

例如:The action it takes at any moment can’t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.

译文:它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见,这使人们觉得有些乱。

采用前置法,使限制性定语从句成为汉语中做定语的词组。

One explanation for the pig-eating taboo is that pork that is not cooked sufficiently may spread a disease called trichinosis.

译文:对禁食猪肉的一种解释是:如果未被煮透的话,猪肉可能会传播一种叫旋毛虫病的疾病。

根据逻辑关系,可将限定性定语从句译为汉语的条件分句。

School programs will be much more responsive to what the child is capable of thinking, which will minimize over-challenge and under-challenge.

译文:学校的课程将会更加适合学生的思考能力,从而减少课程过难或过于容易的现象。

根据原文中非限定性定语从句与主句的逻辑关系,译为汉语中的结果分句。

3)状语从句

英语中状语从句可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、地点和目的等等。翻译时通常将从句译为介词词组、副词词组或各种分句。

例如:

It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. 译文:很明显,尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质,过分的自我意识却是有害的。

将让步状语从句仍译为让步状语从句,原句顺序不变。

二、词汇转换

词语做为语言的基本单位,处于不断的发展变化之中。英汉词语在表达方式上差异较大,翻译时往往需要在词的数量上进行增减,或者对词性进行转换。

1.增词法

增词法是指在翻译时根据意义上、修辞上或句法上的需要,在原文的基础上增加一些必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句,以便更加忠实、通顺的表达原文思想内容,使得译文在语法和语言形式上符合译文语言习惯。

1)增加动词

We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability.我们所关心的是全面发展学生的各种能力,不仅仅是发展智力。

2)增加助词

At last my dream come true.

我的梦想终于实现了。

3)增加表时态的词

It’s time to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics.

现在是确定候选人是否具有这样的能力和特征问题的时候了。

4)增加解释词语

This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best.

尽管有种种不周全之处,这个计划仍被认为是最佳计划之一。

5)增加表语态的词

Most of those who did not move offered only passive resistance, but some fighting broke out.

那些没有动的人们大部分都只是消极抵抗,但还是发生了一些冲突。

6)增加概括词或名词

While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.

虽然两组做的猜测都比随机猜测的准确度高,但每组中都有近一半的参加者做出了两次或更多的错误选择。

2.减词法

英译汉时,由于英汉两种语言的差异,不仅有时需要增补词语,有时还需要省略一些词语。英语中的冠词、代词、连词、介词以及名词的复数变化,在不影响原句意义表达时经常可以省略不译,这样可以使译文更加简单明了。

1)名词复数形式的忽略

在汉语中,名词没有复数形式。英译汉时,在一般情况下,如果不强调事物(尤其是无生命的事物)数量很多,通常忽略不译复数形式。需要体现时,可以添加“这些”等表达方式。

例如:

Summer is the best season for trees.

译文:夏天对树木来说是最佳季节。

2)系动词的省略

英语中必须由动词担当谓语,而在汉语中形容词、介词等都

可以当谓语。这样,一些说明主语状态、情况的系动词通常可以省略不译。例如:

As already discussed, the disease, if present at all, is usually a rather steady and continuous process. 译文:如上所述,一旦此病发作,其病程通常顽固而持久。

3)动词的省略

有些动词的意思在汉语中不用说出,句子的表达更符合汉语习惯。例如:

Stainless steel possess good hardness and high strength.

译文:不锈钢硬度大,强度高。

3.词性转换法

英语和汉语的词类大部分重合。但是在英语中可以充当某个句子成分的词类相对较少,例如:英语中充当主语的只有名词、代词或相当于名词的动名词或不定式,充当谓语的只有动词;而汉语中,名词、动词、形容词都可以做主语、谓语、宾语以及表语。因此,在翻译时,要灵活处理,不一定拘泥于原句所用的词性,根据译文的需要可以进行一些词性的适当转换。

1)名词转换为动词

汉语句子中,动词使用较多,而英语句子中只有一个谓语动

词。英语中由动词派生出的抽象名词往往译成汉语时转译为动词。例如:

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.

译文:学生家长普遍认为学校不再对教单词拼写感兴趣。 2)形容词转换为动词

例如:

He was popular among young people.

译文:他在年轻人中很受欢迎。

3)动词转换为名词

例如:

We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of the illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.

译文:给我们留下极深印象的是:即便那些没有被告知其病情的病人对其疾病的潜在后果也

非常清楚。

4)副词转换为动词

例如:

The light was on, the TV was playing, but nobody was in.

译文:灯开着,电视放着节目,但没人在家。

大学英语四级翻译(全)

英语四级翻译常用词汇:123个中文高频成语翻译 Automation 1502 YuDeyu 一、复习建议: 1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2. 广撒网,学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时,先阅读1遍整个段落,专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子,然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了,简单句自然不在话下。 在做单句翻译时,先尝试自己翻,翻完以后,对照答案,看解析,总结和揣摩其中好的 词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例,具体学习吧~ 1. 对于大多数年轻人来说,结婚意味着独立组建家庭,然而物价的不断上涨使这一切 变得越来越困难。 参考译文:For most young people, marriage means s etting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. 词汇点评: 组建家庭:set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。 越来越:一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more,比如“越来越多的人”more and more people,但译为 a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮;而表达“变 得越来越”的含义时,使用become increasingly的译法更好。 物价的不断上涨:constantly rising prices,而不是price rising。 表达点评: 本句是一个表转折关系的并列句,后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”,因此,用which引导的非限制性定语从句,让整个句子简洁明了。 使字句的翻译:“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因,因此处理为原因状 语,用because of…来带出原因。 2. 过去十年中国房地产(real estate)行业高速发展。 参考译文:The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate. 词汇点评: 十年:decade 高速发展:develop rapidly; high-speed development 表达点评:

最新 大学英语四级翻译新题型模拟练习及答案:喝茶-精品

大学英语四级翻译新题型模拟练习及答 案:喝茶 在中国,喝茶是一种仪式(ritual),一种精致品味(refined taste)的展示。人们在饮茶的同时,也领略着(take delight in)品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。过去,他们是以进有名的茶馆(teahouse)而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶。也是为了议论当地的新闻或对话题进行激烈的(furious)争论。 参考译文 Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste. While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself. Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese. In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse. Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs. People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates. 难点注释 1.汉语形散神聚,英文结构紧凑。处理第一句时,可以将几个小短句合译为一句结构严谨的英文。先确定句子的主谓宾,其中Tea thinking作句子主语,is可作系动词,本句中有两个并列表语,即“仪式”和“展示”,分别译为:ritual,demonstration。 2.第二句中,“领略”可以译为:take delight in;“品茶的情趣之意”可以译为:the essence of tea itself。 3.第三句中的“打发时间的方式”可以理解为“消遣、娱乐方式”,可译为:a way of pastime. 4.第四句中的“相当于”可以用短语be the equivalent of来表达。 搜索公众微信号"",获取最新四六级报名、备考信息!

(完整版)历年大学英语四级翻译真题

历年四级段落型翻译真题 Roger Li 2014年6月大学英语四级翻译 试卷一:中餐 许多人喜欢中餐,在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看,烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要,好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,所以中餐既味美又健康。 译文: Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is viewed as not only a skill but also a form of art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二:信息技术 信息技术(Information Technology),正在飞速发展,中国公民也越来越重视信息技术,有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程,对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的,学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的,中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样,信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 译文: As Chinese citizens are attaching increasing importance to the rapidly developing Information Technology, some colleges even set it as a compulsory course. In regard to this, people hold different opinions. Some people view it as unnecessary move, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Other thinks it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology arouses public concern. 试卷三:茶文化 "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题,许多西方人会选咖啡,而中国人则会选茶,相传,中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶,并用来治病,在明清(the qing dynasties)期间,茶馆遍布全国,饮茶在六世纪传到日本,但直到18世纪才传到欧美,如今,茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一,茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。译文: "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners would choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四:中国结 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的,经过数百年不断的改进,已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代,人们用它来记录事件,但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里

英语四级翻译难点及解题技巧

学习好资料欢迎下载 英语四级翻译难点及解题技巧 一、四级核心词组: 例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something(做某事有困难)已经考过三次,需要注意的是,in可以省略,后面要使用动词的动名词形式。 1)2006年6月87题:Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路). 解析:答案为(in) finding the way to the Museum of History,“历史博物馆”最好译为“the Museum of History”,专有名词注意大小写。 2)2009年6月87题:Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. 解析:答案为difficulty in catching up with his classmates,此题也考察了catch up with(跟上)这一四级核心词组。

Because of noise outside, Nancy had great 题:87月6年3)2010 学习好资料欢迎下载 difficulty (集中注意力在实验上). 解析:答案为(in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment,此题亦考察focus/concentrate on(集中注意力)这一四级核心词组。 二、倒装句:考过三次,需要注意的前半句与后半句时态应前后呼应。 1)大纲样题88题:Not only (他向我收费过高), but he didn't do a good repair jo b either. 解析:答案为did he charge me too much/overcharge me,本句后半句使用了一般过去时,前半句也应使用一般过去时,not only放在句首引导倒装句。“收费过多”可译为overcharge me或charge me too much.。 2)2008年6月91题:(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 解析:答案为Not until he had accomplished his mission,此题

2019大学英语四级考试翻译试题(3)

2019大学英语四级考试翻译试题(3) 1. In the budget for this building, they failed to __( 考虑价格增长的因素 ). 2. Only after I slapped him on the back ____( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). 3. I didn ' t even speak to him, ____( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ). 4. Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt. 5. The victim _____( 本来有机会活下来 ) if he had been taken to hospital in time . 参考答案: 1. consider/take into account the factor of increasing price. 「超级单词」Take…… into account=take…… into consideration 把……考虑在内 2. did he notice me and shouted with happiness 「超级句型」这是only引起的半倒装句,only+强调内容+助动词+主语+谓语+其它 3. let alone discuss with him 「超级短语」let alone用作连词,译为"更不用说了" 4. turn to their parents

大学英语四级翻译新题型

1、福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企业集团公司与香港福信投资有限公司合资兴办的高科技企业,注册资本两千万元人民币。公司拥有雄厚的技术力量,大中专学历以上的技术,管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上,并与国内多家科研机构建立了紧密型的合作关系。 公司以“唯公有福,唯诚有信”的福信企业精神和“团结,拼搏,务实,创新,奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力,锐意进取,蒸蒸日上。 参考答案: Fujian Fuxin Yizhen Bio-engineering Co.,Ltd is a high-tech joint venture co-founded by Hongshan Group and Hong Kong Fuxin Investment Co.,Ltd,with registered capital up to 20 million RMB. The company is in possession of abundant technical resources,technical and managerial talents above college or polytechnic school account for 30% of its staff.What's more,tightly-knit partnership has been established with a number of domestic scientific research institutions. Treasuring the spirit of honesty of Fuxin and adhering to the spirit of unity,hard work,realism,innovation and sacrifice”of Hongshan,the company is advancing with vigor and enthusiasm and will become more and more prosperous. 2、科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界,它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念的。 科学有许多特性,要了解科学是什么,就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法—科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。 参考答案: Science is related to all the existing things and the characteristics and process of the phenomena happening in nature.Science contains the wholenature,which develpos various penetrating viewsabout human being's conceptions that how variousnatural phenomena are related together and how they constitute our so-called universe. Science has many characteristics.We have to inspect those functions and characteristics indetail if we want to know what the science is.Some authors assert that science in fact is a kindof method-scientific method.This definition is over simplified.But obviously the scientificmethod plays an important role in deciding the nature of the scientific knowledge. 3、其实我一点儿不排斥电脑,也享受着它的种种方便快捷,但每当我要给最亲近的人写信时还是喜欢用笔,因为我坚信字是有生命的,有情感的,在书写的同时,我生命的一部分也随之带走了,而打字则像是请人代笔,隔着一层什么,就像打电话时尽管你能清楚地听到对方的呼吸,可有些话就是怎么也说不出来,最后还是得借助笔纸,就是这么神奇,形式的不同、工具的不同,影响到内容的不同。 参考译文: Actually I do not reject the computer at all and alsoenjoy its every kind of convenience.But every timewhen I want to write to my closet people,I would liketo use a pen.Because I firmly believe that charactershave their life and emotion.When writing,one part ofmy life is taking away with it.But typing is like hiring people to write for you.It is separated bysomething just like although you can clearly hear the breath of the addressee,some words youjust can't say them out at all.At last you have to write with the help of pen and paper.It is somagic that different formats and different tools will influence the difference of context.

英语四级翻译解题技巧

一、翻译的标准 严复:信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance—忠实于原文;译文通顺易懂;译文展示出风采) 二、汉译英常用方法和技巧 与词有关的翻译方法包括: 直译和意译 词义的选择 词的增补与省略 词类转义法 重复法 正说反译法和反说正译法 分句法和合句法 直译和意译 首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。意译也不是胡译、乱译,而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下,为了表达的需要,对原文作相应的调整。 例 原文:我们的朋友遍天下。 直译:Our friends are all over the world. 意译:We have friends all over the world. 直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点,更强调译文的效果,不求形式对应,只求语言在深层次中的对应。总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。 能直译则直译 例 原文:爱是耐心和善良;爱不是妒忌和吹嘘;爱不是傲慢和粗鲁。 译文: Love is patience and kindness; love is not jealous and boast; love is not

arrogance and rudeness. 原文:你们要八仙过海,各显其能,完成这项工作。 译文:You should display your special prowess like eight immortals ( in Chinese legend) crossing the sea, to fulfill this task. 必须意译 例 原文:怕什么呢死了张屠夫,还有李屠夫,人多得很。 直译:If Butcher Zhang dies, there’s Butcher Li yet. 译文:What are you afraid of He is not the only pebble on the beach. 意译效果比直译好 例 原文:她怕碰一鼻子灰,话到了嘴边,又把它吞了下去。 译文:She was afraid of being turned down / snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came up to her lips. 词义的选择 汉译英的过程就是寻找适当的英语词、词组和句型来重新表达汉语原文的思想的过程。正确的选词是保证译文质量的重要前提。词的选择主要从以下两个方面着手。 一、根据上下文正确理解原文的词义 词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解,而这又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。在具体运用中,词义往往随着语言情境而千变万化,因此,我们必须熟悉词在运用中的灵活变化,才有可能选择出等值词或近值词。 英语词汇在翻译成汉语时也需要根据具体的语言环境选择适当的词义,因为汉语也有丰富的同义表达法。 二、辨析词义和正确选词 (一)注意词的广义和狭义 词义有广狭之分,运用范围也就各不相同。

大学英语四级考试翻译题精选练习(39)

大学英语四级考试翻译题精选练习(39) 1.Thisisyet_________________(两国人民的又一个共同点). 2.Hisscientificworks_______________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读). 3.Revolutionmeanstheemancipationoftheproductiveforces,_____________(改革也是解放生产力). 4.Heisoptimistic________________(对现时信息产业的发展状况). 5.Workinallfieldsshouldbesubordinatedtoand________________(服务于经济发展的进程). 1.anothercommonpointbetweenthepeopleofourtwocountries 解析:本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词,但是"共同点"是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果,所以增补between之后,符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一,再如:她以教书为业。(Sheisateacherbyoccupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(I'vehadsecondthoughtonthatmatter.) 2.werewidelyreadinEnglish-speakingcountries 解析:若是按照字面翻译,这句话很可能被译为werewidelyreadinEnglishcountries。但是原文中"英语国家"的含义是"讲英语的国家"。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译:我卖掉了彩电。/IsoldoutmycolorTV.这句译文错误在于,没弄清"彩电"的含义。"彩电"有两层意思:一是指具体的实物,即彩色电视机colorTVset;二是指屏幕上出现的影像,即彩色电视colorTV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器,具体的实物。 3.andsodoesreform 解析:本题意为:革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。考点有二:第一,考查词性转移。原文中"解放"用作动词,"生产力"作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语"对生产力的解放"。第二,考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成andreformalsomeanstheemancipationoftheproductiveforces,这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复,可以选用andsodoes...来代替这个动宾结构。 4.aboutthepresentdevelopmentofinformationindustry 解析:"对......表示乐观"可以用句型beoptimisticaboutsth.。这句话不能译成aboutthestatusofthepresentdevelopmentofinformationindustry。"状况"是一个范畴词,没有实际含义,可省略不译。 5.servetheeconomicdevelopment 解析:"服务于......"即"为......服务",所以要用servesb./sth.的结构,不能译成beservedto。"进程"也是一个范畴词,可以省略不译。另外,besubordinatedto是一个固定结构,含义是"从属于......,隶属于......"。 声明:此资源由本人收集整理于网络,只用于交流学习,请勿用作它途。如有侵权,请联系,删除处理。

大学英语四级新题型翻译练习(中译英)

1 红包 红包,又叫“压岁钱”,是用红色信封或纸包着钱的红纸包儿。红包,通常是用于中国农历新年或喜庆时馈赠的礼金。派:“红包”,是中国人过年的一种重要习俗。中国人喜爱红色,因为红色象征吉祥与好运,所以, 红包总是用红色的信封或纸来包。派红包或给压岁钱,是长辈们给未成年的晚辈。据说,压岁钱可以袪邪压祟,因为“岁”与“祟”谐音,晚辈得到压岁钱,就可以平平安安地度过一生。 Hong-Bao or Red Packet is also known as "a packet of lucky money", or simply "lucky money". Hong-Bao usually refers to a gift of money offered during the Chinese Lunar New Year and other celebrations/Giving or offering a Hong-Bao has been a traditional custom during the Chinese lunar New Year. Chinese people love the colour red as it is seen to represent good luck. A Hong-Bao is therefore usually made of red paper. Hong-Baos are normally given by seniors to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money helps drive away evil, because year and evil spirit sound alike. This means youngsters can protect themselves through the year. 2 北京 北京是有着三千多年建城史和八百五十多年建都史的历史文化名城。它荟萃伪(blend)由了元、明、清以来的中华文化,拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观,是世界上拥有世界文化遗产(heritage sites)最多的城市。北京每年有超过一亿四千万的国内和国外旅客。北京城市面积为1.64万平方公里,常住人口约2000万。Beijing has a history of over three thousand years as a city, and over eight hundred and fifty years as a capital. It is a famous place that not only blends cultures of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, but also boasts many historical, cultural and beautiful scenic places. In fact, Beijing now has more cultural heritage sites than any other city in the world. Each year, Beijing receives over 140 million visitors from China and abroad. Beijing covers some 16.4 thousand square kilometers and has a population of about 20 million. 3中国农历 相传在4000多年俞的夏朝,即中国历史上第一个奴隶制王朝就幵始有了历法(calendar),后人把当时中国古老的传统历法叫“夏历”。夏历是按月亮的运赶周期(rotating cycle)制定的,故又称作“阴历”。由于夏历中有一年四季节气的变化和农事安排,所以后世又习惯称之为“农历”,字面上的意思是农事月相日历(moon calendar),也就是今天所说的“中国阴历”。 A ccording to legend, China's first slave dynasty in history — the Xia Dynasty dating back over 4000 years ago developed the first calendar. The ancient traditional Chinese calendar was later known as the "Xia Calendar". Since it was based on the rotating cycle of the moon, it is also known as the "Lunar Calendar". As the Xia revolves around farming arrangements based on the seasons, it is commonly called "Nong Li", literally the farming moon calendar, also known as the China Lunar Calendar. 4中国传统婚俗

大学英语四级考试翻译提高练习

大学英语四级考试翻译提高练习 第一部分翻译——核心语法 1.各种从句的用法 下面通过总结归纳来进一步探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。 (1)主语从句 真题:__________(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案:What many people don’t realize. (2)宾语从句 真题:Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案:is measured by how much they can loan. (3)表语从句 真题:In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12) 答案:I am more likely to get tired than before (4)定语从句 真题:Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12) 答案:(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution 真题:__________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6) 答案:Compared with the place where I grew up 真题:The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我们可以合.(2007.6) 答案:the field where(in which)we can cooperate (5)状语从句 真题:Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案:whatever it is(让步状语从句) 真题:I am going to pursue this course, __________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12) 答案:no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句) 真题:Some psychologists claim that people ______(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12) 答案:may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状语从句) 【真题】__________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12) 【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”,用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用be concerned about表达。 【答案】What most parents are concerned about

英语四级考试新题型翻译专项练习及答案

英语四级考试新题型翻译专项练习 备注:To be continued:请大家每次花5分钟认真做完一份,然后对照参考答案,找出问题,作出总结,这样才能真正起到作用,是英语翻译水平有实质的提高!祝大家考试顺利!1:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 1: What upset me was ______________________________________.(不是他所说的话,而是他说话的方式)。 2: In the conference, the mayor _________________________(反复强调了)the importance of environmental protection. 3: He is opposed to the plan for the simple reason __________________________(这个计划目前暂不可行). 4: __________________________(还要多长时间)before you graduate from college. 5: He is such a stubborn boy that _________________________________(劝他不要沉迷于电脑游戏没有用). 2:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 1: ____________________________(不管是什么种族,宗教信仰), we are all equal. 2: John obeyed his wife ___________________________________(惟恐她发脾气). 3: It’s the first time she came to Beijing; __________________________(难怪她充满着好奇). 4: Many of those who violate the laws never think of themselves as lawbreakers, _________________________________________(更不用说犯罪分子了). 5: John is not well-grounded in mathematics, but he _______________________________________(取得了难以置信的进步). 3:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 1: He felt excited at __________________________(一直想他的童年) in the countryside. 2: On the whole, ______________________________(很少有人不抱怨自己的工作单调乏味的). However, they will feel more bo red if they don’t work. 3: I ________________________(对他的请求不好拒绝), for whenever I asked him for help, he had always obliged. 4: The production of the auto factory is __________________________(逐步增长). 5: It is strange that _______________________________________(他昨天居然什么也没说就走了). 4:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 1: _________________________(我刚刚到家) than the telephone rang. 2:The old man regretted __________________________(一事无成) in his life. 3:____________________(他五十多岁), but he looks younger than his age. 4:Many big cities in the world ________________________(正面临淡水资源短缺). 5:He said nothing, leaving me _____________________ (对他的计划毫不知情). 5:Part VI Translation: (5 minutes) 1: How I even you! ___________________________________(要是我也能像你一样去一趟巴黎该多好)!

模拟题四级新题型翻译

筷子(chopsticks)是一种中国传统餐具(eating utensil),由两根同等长度的小细棒组成,用于夹起食物。筷子一般由竹、木、金属或塑料制成。它轻巧灵活,使用方便。早在三千多年前的商代(the Shang Dynasty),中国人就开始使用筷子了。 筷子是反映中国饮食文化的重要组成部分,可谓是中国文化的代表。作为一种独特的餐具,筷子被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。 中国人的境外奢侈品消费(overseas luxury consumption of Chinese)指的是越来越多富裕的中国人到境外购买奢侈品的现象。随着财富的增加,中国消费者会追求更多的高端(high-end)商品。世界上1/4的奢饰品是中国人消费的,中国是全球第二大奢侈品消费国。但是中国奢侈品消费中有6成是在国外实现的,奢侈品消费是出境游(outbound tourism)的一个重要部分。造成这一现象的原因是境外的奢侈品价格较低、品质较高和产品丰富。 Overseas luxury consumption of Chinese refers to the phenomenon that an increasingnumberofrichChinesepurchaseluxuriesabroad.Withgrowingwealth,Chinese consumersarepursuingmorehigh-endproducts.Chineseconsumeaquarterofluxuries of the world, making China the second largest luxury consumption countryworldwide. But 60% of Chinese luxuries are bought from foreign countries. Luxuryconsumptionisone importantpartofoutboundtourism.Factorscontributingtothephenomenon are lower price, higher quality and more varieties of overseas luxuries.中国国旗(Flag of China)又被称为“五星红旗”。旗面为红色,象征革命。旗面左上方有五颗黄色五角星,黄色较白色明亮美丽,表示中华民族为黄种人。五颗五角星中一颗相对较大,代表中国共产党(Communist Party of China)的领导。 另外四颗较小,代表中国社会中的四个阶级。四颗小五角星各自有一尖对着大星的中心点,象征共产党领导下的中国人民大团结。 中国书法(Chinese calligraphy)是一门古老的汉字书写艺术,它是中国最高的艺术形式。书法是在洁白的纸上,靠毛笔(brush)的运动留下水墨印记。它不仅表现了线条和结构的美,也能传达书写者的观念、思维和精神。汉字与

相关文档
最新文档