【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语(1)2012

青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学试题

科目代码：642 科目名称：基础英语（1）(共13页)

请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE （40 points）Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.

1. It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.

A. speculate

B. conceive

C. ponder

D. reckon

2. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive.

A. tremendous

B. demanding

C. intensive

D. overwhelming

3. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules and

rarely______ from this routine.

A. deviated

B. disconnected

C. detached

D. distorted

4. Being cynical, he was reluctant to ______ the unselfishness of any kind of act until he had ruled out all possible secret, uncharitable motives.

A.question

B. endure

C. credit

D. witness

5. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more _____ to scholars.

A.accessible

B. objective

C. appealing

D. implicit

6. Despite all its ______, a term of enlistment in the Peace Corps can be both stirring and satisfying to a college graduate still undecided on a career.

A.rewards

B. renown

C. romance

D. frustrations

7. Fitness experts claim that jogging is ; once you begin to jog regularly, you may be unable to stop, because you are sure to love it more and more all the time.

A. exhausting

B. illusive

C. addictive

D. overrated

8. He open quoted "reason over passion" as maxim in the longstanding division among Canada's English-speaking majority and the French descended minority concentrated in his home province of Quebec.

A. adjusting

B. reconciling

C. conquering

D. consolidating

9. Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.

A. spontaneously

B. simultaneously

C. homogeneously

D. instantaneously

10. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.

A. bumped

B. collided

C. crashed

D. struck

11. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.

A. identical

B. parallel

C. vertical

D. specific

12. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was singleminded and uncompromising in her strict ______ the letter of the law.

A.dismissal of

B. deviation from

C. adherence to

D. resistance against

13. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.

A. extravagantly

B. exceptionally

C. empirically

D. explicitly

14. Despite almost universal______ of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.

A. identification

B. confession

C. compliment

D. acknowledgement

15. As visiting scholars, they _____willingly to the customs of the country they live in.

A. submit

B. commit

C. conform

D. subject

16. Despite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’s Glass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.

A.beauty

B. abundance

C. majesty

D. fragility

17. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of worldwide

economic downturn.

A. turned

B. changed

C. floated

D.

18. He plays tennis to the ______

A. eradication

B. exclusion

C. extension

D. inclusion

19. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been,

unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.

A. fascinate

B. strengthen

C. transform

D. repel

20. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.

A. pull back

B. pull up

C. pull through

D. pull out

21. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.

A. threshold

B. edge

C. porch

D. course

22. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.

A. flexible

B. versatile

C. sophisticated

D. productive

23. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchers

A. intelligent

B. indispensable

C. inevitable

D. identical

24. Contemporary critics often _____the poet Longfellow as a simple sentimentalist who relied too much on poetic meters only suitable for light verse.

A.notice

B. endorse

C. dismiss

D. acclaim

25. Despite careful restoration and cleaning of the murals in the 1960s, the colors slowly but steadily _______.

A.persisted

B. saturated

C. deteriorated

D. stabilized

26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in the

of welfare, economics, and education.

A. scopes

B. ranges

C. ranks

D. domains

27. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but in

f act he was a(n)________.

A. alien

B. client

C. counterpart

D. fraud

28. Their claims to damages have not been _______ convincingly.

A. refuted

B. overwhelmed

C. depressed

D. intimidated

29. It was__________ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.

A. addicted

B. alleged

C. assaulted

D. ascribed.

30. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.

A. struggle against

B. cater to

C. admire

D. flout

31. Dominant interests often benefit most from________ of

government interference in business, since they are able to take

care of themselves if left alone.

A. intensification

B. authorization

C. centralization

D. elimination

32. Excellent films are those which national and cultural

barriers.

A. transcend

B. traverse

C. abolish

D. suppress

33. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infant

mortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.

A. eliminated

B. aggravated

C. minimized

D. distorted

34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily

_______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.

A. penalizes

B. advocates

C. ignores

D. advertises

35. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a single

word when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.

A. verbosity

B. simplicity

C. cogency

D. rhetoric

36. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficiently

to warrant dogmatic assertions by either side in the debate.

A. hypothetical

B. tentative

C. controversial

D. unequivocal

37. It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves were

already____ by the constant clamor of the children.

A. eliminated

B. alleviated

C. provoked

D. frayed

38. Even if you do not what I have to say, I would appreciate

your listening to me with an open mind.

A. concur with

B. reject

C. clarify

D. deviate from

39. He is the only person who can_______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.

A. testify

B. charge

C. accuse

D. rectify

40. He was success, painting not for the sake of fame or

monetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.

A. indifferent to

B. destined for

C. jaded by

D. enamored of

PART II CLOZE (10 Points)

Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.

The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper,

adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects

the lives of our young by acting as a(an) 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of

functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen

is usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen,

children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselves

with different characters. Americans have been concerned about

the 6 of violence in the media and its 7 harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new

media 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos,

and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these

media, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces can

influence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal and

cultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts of

beauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazines

and newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertain

us 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 on

accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain.

Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations.

1 A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative

2 A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices

3 A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense

4 A. Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted

5 A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate

6 A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence

7 A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential

8 A. merged B. emerged C. immerged D. submerged

9 A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with

10 A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper

11 A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed

12 A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed

13 A. As B. At C. For D. In

14 A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock

15 A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized

16 A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam

17 A. over B. with C. on D. at

18 A. play B. take C. profit D. resort

19 A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively

20 A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)

In this section there are three reading passages followed by a

total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and

then write your answers on your answer sheet.

Passage1

In the 1950’s, as a writer and editor for Architectural Forum magazine, Jane Jacobs often visited housing projects designed by some

of the leading architects of the day.

In some cases, she observed that whole districts had been torn

down and replaced by meticulously planned new buildings and parks,

each of them a monument to its creator’s love of orderliness and hatred

of traditional urban chaos. She discovered that these projects were

strikingly unsuccessful because they were imposed on rather than

created in collaboration with the people using them. Intentionally, they eliminated diversity—stores were separated from dwellings, for instance—and yet diversity was the very quality that made city life interesting and enjoyable. Planners with the best of intentions had

created great windswept open spaced that no one wanted to use. Ms.

Jacobs noticed that people preferred to spend their time visiting the old

and chaotic-looking neighborhoods nearby.

In her writings she argued for the appreciation and nurturing of spontaneity and inventiveness of individuals rather than the generalized and abstract plans of governments and corporations. The

Death and Life of Great American Cities was about planning, but also

about the spirit and energy that animate cities and civilizations. Jacobs

argued that we must love cities for what they are: not poor imitations

of the countryside or works of art designed by master planners but unpredictable, exuberant, and surprising rich creations of those who

know how to use them and care for them. People who were influenced

by her argument began to think differently not only about planning of cities but also about spontaneity and diversity as virtues in themselves.

1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly

concerned?

A. Architectural writers of the 1950’s.

B. Jane Jacobs’ observations about city planning.

C. The need for housing projects.

D. The problems caused by urban chaos.

2.Jacobs criticized many big housing projects because they

A. were poorly planned and disorderly.

B. were not supported by governments and corporations.

C. did not reflect the designers’ preferences.

D. did not take into account the needs of the people.

3.According to Jacobs, the separation of stores from dwellings was

an example of the

A. collaboration of planners and residents.

B. desire for spontaneity.

C. expression of individualism.

D. elimination of diversity.

4.Which of the following can be inferred about Jacobs?

A. She thought cities were too crowded.

B. She preferred neighborhoods where businesses and residences

are mixed.

C. She lived in a planned community.

D. She was concerned about safety standards in old buildings.

5.According to Jacobs, where do people who live in housing projects

prefer to spend their time?

A. In the countryside.

B. In parks.

C. At museums.

D. In traditional city neighborhoods.

Passage 2

That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered

the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945---when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world---that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.

By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." （17-18）

Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." （24-26）

Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedra l and Night

Cathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.

6.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?

A.A general tendency in twentieth-century art

B.The work of a particular artist

C.The artistic influences on women sculptors

D.Critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture

7.Which of the following statements is supported by information

given in the passage?

A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States have

produced more sculpture than have men sculptors.

B.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed more

recognition for their work than did women sculptors in the

United States.

C.Prior to 1945 there were many women sculptors whose work

was ignored by critics.

D.Prior to 1945 there was little major sculpture produced by men

or women sculptors working the United States.

8.The author quotes Hilton Kramer in lines 17-18 most probably in

order to illustrate which of the following?

A.The realism of Nevelson's work.

B.The unique qualities of Nevelon's style.

C.The extent of critical approval of Nevelson's work.

D.A distinction between sculpture and painting.

9. Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson's art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in lines 24-26?

A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.

B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.

C.She makes no preliminary sketches but rather than allows the sculpture to develop as she works.

D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures.

10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson's sculptures?

A.They suggest religious and symbolic meanings.

B.They do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture.

C.They are mysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautiful.

D.They are uniquely American in style and sensibility.

Passage 3

The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.

The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the1630’s on those points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.

This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher

treatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of a slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lake of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.

11. Which of the following statements best describes the organization

of lines 1-5 of the passage?

A. A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.

B. Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and a

generalization from that evidence is advanced.

C. A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.

D. An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated and

evidence for that interpretation is provided.

12. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn

from the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures”(lines 14-15) passed during and after the 1660’s?

A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black as

well as of White servants.

B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving the

position of White servants relative to what it had been before

the 1660’s.

C. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servants

to remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.

D. The acts, as the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes toward

Black servants that already existed before the 1660’s.

13. With which of the following statements regarding the status of

Black people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?

A. Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves,

they were often called slaves.

B. Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had a

higher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.

C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black people

were not legally considered to be slaves.

D. Although often not treated the same as White people, Black

people, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.

14. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of the

following about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?

A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.

B. Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition of

inherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.

C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.

D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racial

prejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.

15. With which of the following statements regarding the reason for

the introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?

A. The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to the

origins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish and

Portuguese colonies.

B. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to a

decline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after 1660’s.

C. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to

the position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s than

by reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.

D. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to

the history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than by

reference to the improving position of White servants during

and after the 1660’s.

PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points)

To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.

PART V WRITING (40 Points)

Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?

Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.