高一新教材英语第五单元知识点详解

第一部分：词汇1.英汉对译

billion based shell dialect tongue semester pants

gap

CE

dynasty

calligraphy

character

subway

gas

petrol

apartment

Kean

Danish

Denmark

Arabic

FIFA

ups and downs

factor

symbol

system

bone

vocabulary

carve

affair

2.会变词形

refer→reference →referred→referring →prefer variety→various→vary→diversity

classic→class→classical

description→describe

global→globe

specific→special→specialist

relate→relation→relative→relativity

beg→beggar

refer→reference→referee

major→majority

3.课本所见

corridor

square

properly

pronunciation clearly entry

definition

device

memory

service

brush

complicated

linking

adapt

era

redical

overall

strongly

capitalisation

1). They reflect a concentrated beam of light onto the town's central square, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.

2). A desk dictionary is medium-sized, generally containing over 170, 000 entries as well as extra features.

3). Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.

4). I have my car serviced regularly.

5). With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures.

6). Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.

7). Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.

4.列举掌握

Attitude

1). It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.

2). I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential.

Means

1). By the time these "solutions" become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.

2). Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.

3). It is by no means accidental.

point of view

He could not put across his point of view to the audience.

struggle

1). He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.

2). Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.

Base

1). A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.

2). At the base is a rainforest.

Native

1). He is a native of Beijing.

2). He is native to Beijing.

3). Beijing is his native town.

5.重点掌握

refer

1). Englishmen had been refer ring to insects as bugs for more than a century.

2). For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which Iam often confused to choose from.

3). People refer the man who was afraid of his wife as henpecked.

4).Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.

Despite

1). Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome.

2). Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

3). China is widely known for its ancient civilisations which continued all the way through into modern times,

depite the many ups and downs in its history.(课文原文)

date back to

1). It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s.

2). The attraction of the cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections date from the middle ages.

3). The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.

4). Then the last thing is about filling in a form with up-to-date personal data.

5). Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5, 000 years.

6). Can I go out on a date?

7). She began dating boys when she was sixteen.

Major

1). As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?

2). Half of all college students change their major at some point.

3). What subject did you major in at university?

no matter who, how,what

1). Any dog bite, no matter how small, needs immediate medical attention.

2). Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations.

3). And there was plenty of opportunity to do whatever you felt like doing.(不可以换成no matter what)

4). He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome.(可以换成no matter what)

regard

1). A youth is to be regarded with respect.

2). Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures.

3). In secondary school, I'd been a popular student and a highly regarded athlete.

4). We have a great regard for the advanced workers.

5). As regards the war, Haig believed in victory at any price.

6). Regarding these facts, a special committee is to be appointed.

7). Regardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.

8). Please give my regards to your teacher.

China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs. Appreciate

1). Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly.

2). It gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words.

3). Like me,this woman was here to stop,sigh and appreciate the view.

4). Then I'd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class

5). Only then did I truly begin t o appreciate Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.

Equal

1). Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.

2). Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30million barrels of oil each day.

3). I think it's a problem because you're not giving equal access to education to everybody.

4). In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.

5). Your personal circumstances are equally important.

Demand

1). In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.

2). More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.

3). Now, a new study suggests getting benefits from exercise doesn't have to be that demanding.

4). I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule.

relate to

1). This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment.

2). The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people.

3). The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.

4). When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.

第三部分：句子

1.Which languages do you think are officially used here?

插入语在句子中主要起否定和疑问的作用。在分析句子成份的时候，可以把他们忽略。

1).Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?(问主语)

2). Why do you think environmental protection is important in America? (问状语)

3). Where do you think you are? (问表语)

4). I don't think we would have randomly invited him over. (起否定)

5). Are you sure you're ready for the best? (起疑问)

6). I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. (肯定形式)

7).I’m not sure which is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

2.Pronouns refer to something mentioned earlier.

注意earlier做时间状语的用法

1). Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch.

2). Sixteen years earlier (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to (cook) a meal. (17浙江语法)

3). We had made our reservation six months 17 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.

（earlier）（14广东语法）

4). A few hours___62___, I’d been at home in Hong Kong. (earlier/before) (15全国1语法) 3.Over the years, the system developed into different forms.

Over+段时间的用法

1). In order to find the missing child, villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.(完成时)

2). As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic

growth over the longer term. (将来)

3). Calcium EDTA removes lead from the blood over several days. (一般现在)

4). Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.

5). My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.

6). In Britain,it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.

7). Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. (一般过去时) 4.The writing system was of great importance.

Of+名词表示形容词的功能(of后面的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词)

1). First, I find taking part in the English corner can be of great help in learning English.

2). The far side of the moon is of particular __ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters.

(interest) (20年全国I卷)

3). We are of an age.(of one/the same age/different ages).

5.How does written Chinese connect Chinese people today with those of the past.

代词those的用法与that

1). Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.

2). As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.

3). The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.

6.It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty.

It is said that 从句

1).It is said that rap (说唱) music was invented by a classical musician in 1912.

2). It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.

7.The idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a civilization of showing the

character of the man behind the brush.

名词性从句---主语的同位语

1). However,young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology.

2). The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.

3). We shared the brief that if y ou’re fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back.

4). The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.

8.Add a preposition where necessary. 状语从句的省略

I couldn’t help but love the language.不定式的省略

1). One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary.

2). They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible.

3). I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

4). I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.

5). The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow.(前有实意动词do，后面省略不定式to) ※一感二听三让四看省略不定式to,被动语态还原to,help半to半不to※

6). He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

7). The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.

9.I think it all depends on who you are talking to.

介词宾语从句

1). This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary.

2). That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.

3). They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the

first place.

4). The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room,think about the color

carefully.

5). I had been giving all of my attention to what was going wrong with my life rather than what was right!

6).But at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.

10.熟词生意

I need a few words to bridge the gap between us.

“bridge”的本意是“在什么之间架起桥梁”的意思，这里可以翻译成抚平我们之间的代沟。

I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head.

“straight”副词，“直接地”

Egnlish is a crazy language.

“crazy”表示“不理智的”、“疯狂的”，显然我们不能把这个句子翻译成“英语是一个疯狂的语言。”，在本文，它表示的是有些时候英语的表达看起来有地不合乎常理，看起来很怪异。所以这个句子我们可以翻译成“英语是一个神奇的语言。”

单句语法填空：

1.There is a sale _______ my favourite shop. (at)

2.That’s what I mean ______ pants.(by)

3.I am talking to someone senior ______ me. (to)

4.Reading those books opened a window _____ me ____ another world.(for/to)

5.It sounds______(beauty). (beautiful)

6.Would you mind_____(repeat)? (repeating)

7.When I listen to native English speakers _____(talk) in a video, I can catch only a few words. (talking)

8. A unified writing system is considered _____(be) an important part of civilised society. (to be)

9.I told my mum that I wanted to give up and______ I would never live in a country where German was spoken.( that)

※有2个以上的陈述句做并列宾语从句时，从第二个宾语从句开始起，所有的连词that都不能省略，必须保留。※

四第四部分：语法

定语从句

1). Talk about reasons why people study a foreign language.

→This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.

2). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.

→ Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.

3). Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.

→Now we have a special offer for 10 days,during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.

4). The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.

→I prefer to work in black and white(黑白照), which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.

5). What are the two pairs of words that the student is confused by?

→If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it.