报刊选读练习题 (2)

Exercises for Selective Readings in English Print News Media

Part I Give the complete form for the Common abbreviations in the news.

shortened form of .（10%）

1. ABC--- American Broadcasting company美国广播公司

2. BBC--- British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司

3.APEC--- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚洲和太平洋经济合作组织

4.NATO ---North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织

5.OPEC--- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织

6. NPC--- National People's Congress（中国）全国人民代表大会

7. GNP---Gross National Product国民生产总值

8.GDP---Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值

9.IOC---International Olympic Committee 国际奥（林匹克）委（员）会

10. UN PKF-United Nations Peace－keeping Force联合国维持和平部队

11．UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization

联合国教科文组织

12．IMF=International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织

13．NASA=National Aeronautics Aeronautics And Space Administration国家宇航局

14．DJI=Dow-Jones道·琼斯指数

15．SALT=Strategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈

16．NMD=National Missile Defence国家导弹防御系统

Part ⅡReading comprehension (40 %）

Directions: In this section there are four passages. Read each passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question at the end of each passage.

Passage One

Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage.

My advice to Michelle Obama: learn to like the back seat

You have to take your hat off to Michelle Obama. Like everyone else, I have watched how brilliantly she has handled herself in the media spotlight in the past few months and days. By the time of last week's election, she had won over all but the most partisan of critics.

Her article in The Times showed how valuable her role had been in winning support for her husband. It also revealed her priority for the next four years. She is absolutely right to make her family central to all she will do. It's not only the most important role of any parent. It is also the best way of keeping her husband grounded and in touch with real life.

But I know that there are hard adjustments ahead. For a start when your spouse is elected the leader of a country, the dynamic of your relationship is bound to change - even when the partnership has been one of equals as has certainly been the case in the Obama marriage.

You have to learn to take a back seat, not just in public but in private. When your spouse is late to put the kids to bed, or for dinner, or your plans for the weekend are turned upside-down again, you simply have to accept that he had something more important to do. Not always easy when it happens several times in quick succession and I can't say I always bore this with equanimity.

You have to try as well, where you can, to share the burden without interfering. You can't confuse being a sounding board with having influence over decisions. You always have to remember that it is not you who was elected.

The power behind the throne is a line of attack political opponents are only too keen to deploy, as Hillary Clinton discovered. As a lawyer, I quickly found myself being compared to Hillary by sections of the media. There were suggestions that if Tony got to No 10, I would be pulling the strings and trying to move policy farther to the left.

These fears turned out to be far from the truth. When Tony returned to the No 10 flat after a long day immersed in the detail of government policy, the last thing that he needed was a further round of political discussion with me. He wanted to leave the job behind and relax, to spend time with the children and to talk with me about anything other than politics.

Before the election, however, the Labour Party's response, which I entirely understood, was to ensure that the attacks couldn't stick. So I had the slightly surreal experience for a QC of finding myself talking to women's magazines about knitting and my favourite recipes. They are interests I genuinely have but not ones I had ever thought I would share with a wider audience.

Early in the campaign, Michelle Obama, yet another lawyer, found herself shoe-horned into the same damaging stereotype. There was an attempt in some sections of the US media to portray her as another Hillary, angrier and more divisive than her husband. She even suffered the indignity of being labeled the “American Cherie” by the Daily Mail - about as bad an insult as it can throw.

She responded with intelligence and grace, softening her image and, in turn, helping to soften her husband's. She proved herself an accomplished performer on chat shows, poking gentle fun at her husband, which helped him to connect with the public. She has proved - like Sarah Brown over here - a tremendous asset on the campaign trail.

Michelle Obama showed signs in her article of realizing where the boundaries must be drawn. But it is something of an irony that in these days of pushing for equality, those married to our political leaders have to put their own ambitions on hold while their spouses are in office, and keep their views to themselves, sometimes, as in my case, even at home.

I, at least, had my career. That's not an option for Michelle Obama. Now they are moving to Washington, any return to her high-flying job in Chicago would be impossible. But as Hillary once explained to me, it would be difficult for any spouse of a president to continue working.

There is, of course, a big difference between being the wife of a prime minister and the much more formal duties of a First Lady. Despite what American organizers of events think, the prime minister's consort is not a First anything. If anyone fills this important role here, it is the Duke of Edinburgh as he is the spouse of the head of state.

So it was much easier for me to continue with my career. Having continued working full-time with three young children, it never entered my head in 1997 to give up work. It wasn't, however, always plain sailing. Once, when I was sitting as a part-time judge, one defendant announced to the court that she had voted for my husband. When I still found against her, she snorted that he shouldn't rely on her vote again.

After 21 grueling months on the campaign trail, Michelle Obama is realistic about what lies ahead. She understands that criticism comes with the job and says that she has already developed a thick skin. She will need it.

When I asked Hillary for advice not long after the 1997 election, she warned me that there would always be sections of the public or press that would be keen to criticize. That, as we know, certainly proved to be the case, though I didn't always make life easy for myself. So far Michelle Obama seems to be avoiding the traps. But as in many things in life there is a sacrifice, if willingly made, that shouldn't be underestimated.

---Cherie Blair，The Times，November 14, 2008

11. What did Hillary Clinton discover according to the passage?

A. Cherie Blair will be the prime target of the political enemies.

B. The political enemies are not interested in criticizing the party for its family interference.

C. The political opponents will deploy a series of attacks on the queen.

D. The influence from the “Back Seat”tends to be attacked by the political opponents.

12. What similarity does Michelle bear to Mr. Sarah Brown?

A. Both of them are so-called first lady.

B. Both of them play an active role in helping their husbands to be the government leader.

C. Both of them are professional women.

D. Both of them are politically oriented and greatly influence the government police.

13.What are Cherie’s genuine interests?

A. Charity and talk show on TV.

B. Law and politics.

C. A housewife’s routine such as cooking and knitting.

D. Further publicizing her role in Blair’s decision.

14.What do American organizers of events think of the Prime Minister’s spouse as?

A. She is the highest on the organizers’list of priority.

B. She is the second after her husband.

C. She is an ordinary housewife.

D. She is the person pulling the strings.

15.The sentence, “there would always be sections of the public or press that would be keen to criticize”suggests

A. Michelle should be prepared for criticism

B. the public and press are apt to criticize

C. it is highly beneficial to public welfare if a citizen likes to criticize

D. Cherie lives an easy life

Passage Two

Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage.

Passage Three

Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.

Passage Four

Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.

Yao Ming: NBA giant is big in U.S., bigger in China

On the court and off, Houston Rockets basketball star Yao Ming is a true giant. During his rookie year, the Chinese sensation created a stir in the NBA and across the globe. Battling both Shaq and the skeptics, the seven-foot-five-inch (226-centimeter) center displayed skills that silenced the critics and earned him a trip to the All-Star game.

While Yao could quickly become one of the league?s dominant players, his off-court impact is already colossal. At 22, he is a marketing megastar. Like Madonna or Elvis, Yao needs a first name-only reference—as sure a sign of superstardom as any. He?s come to symbolize the aspirations of a rapidly changing China—while undergoing some serious life changes of his own.

The business that is the NBA is global, both on and off the court. This spring NBA teams included 65 international players from 34 countries and territories. The diverse product on the court helps attract new audiences around the world.

And perhaps the most important foreign player to suit up is the Rockets? Yao. To understand why, one only need look to China?s 1.3 billion residents—and potential basketball fans.

Two other members of the Chinese National Team play in the NBA. Wang Zhizhi plays for the Los Angeles Clippers, while Mengke Bateers suits up for San Antonio Spurs. But Yao is in a class all his own. The National Team star is a towering hero in China and elsewhere in Asia.

Yao has made the NBA a hot proposition in the emerging markets of the Far East. That means major league business opportunities. And Yao may be the ultimate marketing tool for the rapidly growing Chinese market. As China?s economy continues to grow larger and more global, multinational companies continue to compete for p ieces of the country?s enormous consumer market.

Within China, Yao appears ever present, a marketing icon ready to connect China with global markets.

“The Little Giant”

Yao was the first number one NBA draft pick to come from an international basketball league. In the 2002-2003 season, “the Little Giant” proved he was up to the competition, ranking among the league?s top 20 players for rebounds and blocked shots.

While those are very solid numbers for a rookie, Yao posts even more impressive s tats. “When Yao plays basketball, 300 million people watch him,” said Lisa Ling, the Ultimate Explorer television host who recently profiled Yao. “That?s more than the population of the United States and only a fraction of the population of China. You can imagine what that means in terms of marketing dollars.”

It also means a tremendous amount of pressure on the basketball star. But with the weight of a nation on his shoulders, not to mention that of his team and the NBA, Yao handles the pressure and responsibility with aplomb.(沉着；泰然) “All of the Chinese people, the Asian people say, …Oh Yao Ming, you are all the Chinese, all of Asia?s hopes,?” Yao told Ultimate Explorer. “That?s a lot of pressure,” he said. “I?m just a basketball player.”

But to many, Yao is more than that. He?s a symbol of China?s emergence on the international stage, a commercial powerhouse with the second largest economy in the world.

Same Planet, Different Worlds

Yao is also a source of unabashed（不加掩饰的；明显的）pride. “For China, he encompasses（包含；包括）everything that [people] want to be,” Ling said. “He?s larger than life, strong, intelligent, an international star, a family man, and a team player. He embodies（体现）much of what China is becoming,” she said.

Lost in the hype(夸张的广告；大肆宣传) is the fact that Yao is a 22-year-old experiencing a dramatic lifestyle change. Both of Yao?s parents played for China?s national teams. From a young age, he lived and played basketball at state-run facilities for elite（精英，主力）athletes.

That prestigious but insular world could not have prepared him for the culture shock of superstardom that followed the Chinese government?s decision to allow him to jump to the NBA. (The Chinese government collects half of his U.S. $18 million dollar annual salary, and Yao remains obligated to play on China?s national team.)

Now in the U.S., Yao lives inside a media crucible few others experience. “He?s probably one of the most swamped people in the world,” said Ling. “The press follows him everywhere. I?ve been out with Brittany Spears and other huge celebrities, but no one has gotten the kind of attention that Yao has. It?s incredible. He can?t exactly put on a hat and glasses and sort of blend into the crowd.”

While Yao?s career in the NBA is just beginning, his stardom is already realized on two continents. It?s a lot to ask, but this 22-year-old basketball player might just become a symbol of how the two worlds can grow together. -----Source: https://www.360docs.net/doc/9e17485111.html,，11-29-2007

26.The article implies that Yao?s off-court impact mainly lies in

A. the business opportunities he has created for NBA

B.his popularity among the U.S.press

C.the effect he has exerted on young people

D.his being loved by so many people

27.According to the author, Yao is mainly different from the other two Chinese players in NBA in that

A.he is much taller and more skillful

B.he has better performance in NBA

C.he is much more popular in Asia

D.he is much more favored by Chinese government

28.Yao feels a lot of pressures from the following sources except

A. his parents

B.the NBA

C.his motherland

D.the Chinese National Basketball Team

29. What?s the probable reason why Yao cannot “put on a hat or glasses and sort of blend into crowd”?

A. because he is a super star.

B.because he is a Chinese basketball player.

C.because he is a handsome young man

D. because he is extremely tall.

30. Which of the following adjectives is more appropriate to describe the author?s attitude towards Yao Ming?

A. indifferent.

B.admiring.

C. critical

D. Expectant.

Part ⅢTranslation (25%)

Directions: According to passage four，Please Translate the four underlined paragraphs into English. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

31.The destruction of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center made a symbolic statement that reverberated around the world,and the fact that people could watch the event on their television sets endowed it with an emotional impact that no terrorist act had ever achieved before.

（官方）对于震惊全球的世贸中心双塔的摧毁只作了一个象征性地声明，但事实上，人们把通过电视看到的这一事件赋予了强烈的情感冲击，这是之前任何恐怖行为所没有达到的。

32.The very first sentence of the September 2002 National Security Strategy (the President's annual laying out to Congress of the country's security objectives) reads,"The great struggles of the twentieth century between liberty and totalitarianism ended with a decisive victory for the forces of freedom and a single sustainable model for national success: freedom,democracy,and free enterprise.

2002年9月国家安全战略第一句（美国国家安全目标大会总统年刊）写道：”自由力量取得决定性的胜利和单一的可持续发展模式即自由、民主、自由企业得到全国性的成功结束了二十世纪民主和极权主义之间最大的斗争。”

33.For some cities of online learning,the Internet is a tool that can legitimately（正当地合理地）be used for many types of vocational training职业培训but not to replace the college experience.

尽管对于网上学习的一些城市，互联网是一种合法地用于各种职业培训的工具，但并非是取代大学经验的工具。

34.The most important factor is diversity（多样化）.American higher education is not just more varied,but has less of the crippling（极有害的，有严重后果的）snobbery（势力行为，恃才傲物）and resentment that accompanies variety in,say, Britain.

最重要因素是多样化.美国高等教育不仅是更为多样化，而且伴随着多样化比英国更少了些瘫痪势力和怨恨。

35.The Air Force needs the billions because if the tanker deal is revived and most military experts think it will be the Air Force will have to pay for 80 of the refueling planes upfront rather than lease them.

空军需要十亿，因为大部分军事专家认为如果油轮交易复苏，空军将不得不支付加油机的80预付款，而不是租赁他们。

6．The US is an attractive market. Its business culture, which has brought the world “shareholder value” and “IPOs”, has been leading commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so. But whoever wants to succeed in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.

美国是一个有吸引力的市场。它的商业文化给世界带来了“股东利益”和“首次公开发行的股票”等概念/新名词。这种文化在近年来一直引导着商业思想并将继续引导下去。但想要在美国获得成功的人要记住游戏规则。

7．US business is described by the lyrics of the song New York, New York: “If you can make it here, you can make it anywhere!” Yet a euphoric approach to business is by no means enough. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ruthlessly focused. 美国商业在一首名为“纽约，纽约”的歌词中被描述为“如果你能在这儿获得成功，你就能在其他任何地方获得成功！”然而，光凭一种轻松愉快的手段来处理商业事务是远远不够的。尽管在美国商务谈判看起来是轻松愉快的，但是这种谈判又往往要参与者始终专心致志，紧紧围绕着谈判主题。

8．Communicating is natural talent of Americans. When negotiating partners meet, the emphasis is on small talk and smiling. There is liberal use of a sense of humour that is more direct than it is in the UK. If you give a talk in America, you should speak in a relaxed way and with plenty of jokes to capture your audience’s attention.

交谈是美国人的一种天分。当谈判双方刚会晤时，他们往往专心地谈些无关紧要的话题，气氛轻松。美国人常在谈判中大量使用风趣幽默的笑话。这些笑话比英国笑话更容易理解。如果在美国发表讲话，你应用轻松的方式说很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。

Part ⅢAnswer the following questions.（25%）

Directions: There are 5 questions in this part. Please Write your answers on the answer sheet.

36.What is news? What are some categories of news?（分类答出其中一种即可）

News is information that is published in mass media about recent events in the country or world or in a particular area of activity.

In terms of style: spot news, news features, etc. In terms of nature: political, economic, sports, cultural, etc. In terms of area: international, domestic, local, etc. In terms of timeliness: hard news Vs soft news.

37.What are some basic elements of news value?（答对六个单词即可）

Timeliness: Freshness strengthens a new story.

Proximity: Close-to-home events naturally are of interest to media outlets.

Conflict: Whether it revolves people, governmental bodies, or sports teams, conflict is considered newsworthy.

Eminence or prominence: Some happening simply are more newsworthy when well-known people are involved.

Consequence or impact: Media give prominent play to these.

Human interest: Human interest stories often appeal to the emotions of readers, pulling them into the lives of others or into subjects of broad concern.

38.What are the functions of newspaper?

1）To inform, giving readers the latest news. 2）.To influence. Newspaper articles or news on the general public has a great influence on the editorial or commentary point of view. 3）To entertain. Newspapers can have on the entertainment pages. These are for people to read tea recreational. 4）To advertise. Advertising is for the newspaper to bring economic revenue. 39.What is news lead? What are direct lead and delayed lead?

News leads —the first a few paragraphs which indicate the five Ws and an H (WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW ) of the news story.

Direct lead ： A direct lead tells readers the most important aspect of the story (the five Ws) in a direct and straightforward way, and is often used in “hard news”.

Delayed lead：A delayed lead attracts readers by hinting the content of the story. It is usually found in news features and other “soft stories”that put more emphasis on human interest rather than timeliness of an event. A delayed lead usually sets a scene or evokes a mood with an incident, anecdote, or example.

40.What is the body structure of a news story? What are advantages of it?

Inverted pyramid (also called “inverted triangle”)—the most important aspect of a story is higher up in the body of the story, while other information is written lower down in order of importance.

Advantages:1）Easy for journalists to write, since the structure is clear. 2）Easy for editors to modify, since the lower parts are less important thus can be readily cut off if necessary. 3）Easy for readers to grasp the main idea and decide whether to read on --- time is money!

6．How to deal with new words in reading newspapers and magazines?

⑴. Try to find some help from the author

⑵. Try to find some help from word formation

⑶. Try to find some help from context and common knowledge

7．What are the benefits obtained via appreciating the language of English news?

Some benefits ——

⑴.Acquire latest information (90%)

⑵.Understand the fundamentals of English journalism

⑶.Know about the different styles of English newspapers and magazines

⑷.Imp rove one?s English competence

8 What are the features of headlines in Lexis, Grammar and Rhetoric?

Lexical: Small words and abbreviations instead of big, complete ones; Choice of words in headlines —style and purpose.

Grammatical: Omission of link verbs such as BE; Infinitives for future events; Phrases as headlines; Present tense for past events; Pre-modification

Rhetorical: Parody (仿拟):

Temporary transformation allusions, proverbs, famous sayings; Metaphor (隐喻)

9．What is hard news? What is soft news? How to distinguish between them?

Hard news generally refers to up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported promptly.

Soft news is background information or human-interest stories, which appeal to people?s curiosity, sympathy, skepticism, or amazement.

1）Difference in the subject matter

Politics, war, economics and crime used to be considered hard news, while arts, entertainment and lifestyles were considered soft news.

2）The tone of presentation

A hard news story takes a factual approach: What happened? Who was involved? Where and When did it happen? Why?

A soft news story tries instead to entertain or advise the reader. You may have come across newspaper or TV stories that promised “News you will use”.

10．What is the definition of news agency? What are the major news agencies in America and Britain?

News agencies are organizations that collect, transmit, and distribute news to newspapers, periodicals, television, radio, and other journalistic and mass communications media.

America: the Associated Press (AP)美联社; the United Press International (UPI)Britain: Reuters 路透社