【课堂新坐标】2020届高三英语一轮复习 3课时知能训练 新人教版选修8(广东专用)
课时知能训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2020·潮州模拟)There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time.One of them is to walk around it，guide-book in hand.Of course，we may __1__ with our guide-books the history and __2__developments of a town and get to know them.But then，if we __3__ our time and stay in a town for a while，we may get to know it better.When we __4__ it as a whole，we begin to have some __5__，which even the best guide-books do not answer.Why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size? Why do its streets __6__in this particular way，and not in any __7__ way?
Here even the best guide-book __8__ us.One can't find in it the information about how a town has developed to the __9__ appearance.It may not describe the original __10__ of a town.However，one may get some ideas of what it __11__look like by walking around the town.One can also imagine how the town was first planned and built.Then one can learn more about in what direction the town __12__ to develop.
What is the __13__ of studying towns in this way？For me，it is __14__ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes.A personal visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a __15__.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了了解一个城镇的不同的方法。作者提出亲自到城镇里转一转要比拿一本旅行指南好。
1．A.write B．tell
C．study D．remember
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：当然，我们可以用旅行指南去研究一个城镇的历史以及它独特的发展状况，然后慢慢了解它。根据第三段第一句中的“...of studying towns...”可知，C项正确。
2．A.swift B．similar
C．separate D．special
【解析】考查形容词辨析。swift意为“迅速的，快的”；similar意为“相似的”；separate意为“单独的，分开的”；special意为“特殊的”，上文提到研究城镇的历史，应该是了解其独到之处，故D项符合语境。
【答案】 D
3．A.take B．treasure
C．put D．limit
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：不过，如果我们花时间在城里待一会儿，我们就可以更好地了解它。take意为“花费”，符合文意。
【答案】 A
4．A.look after B．look at
C．look for D．look up
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。look at意为“看到”；look after意为“照顾”；look for意为“寻找”；look up意为“查阅”。句意：当我们把它看做一个总体后，我们就会有一些连最好的旅游指南都解答不了的问题。故B项符合文意。
【答案】 B
5．A.ideas B．opinions
C．feelings D．questions
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下一句“Why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size？”可知，此处选D项，questions为先行词，且作answer的宾语。
【答案】 D
6．A.open B．run
C．begin D．move
【解析】考查动词辨析。结合上下文内容可知，此处指城镇街道特别的延伸方式，街道延伸用run/extend，故选B项。
7．A.one B．more
C．other D．such
【解析】考查形容词辨析。other意为“其他的”。句意：为什么街道以这种独特的方式延伸，而不是任何其他方式？故C项符合文意。
【答案】 C
8．A.fails B．tricks
C．helps D．satisfies
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：甚至最好的旅行指南也会使我们失望。fail sb.意为“使某人失望，有负于某人”，符合文意。而help sb.意为“帮助某人”；trick sb.意为“哄骗某人”；satisfy sb.意为“使某人满意”与语境不符。
【答案】 A
9．A.old B．normal
C．first D．present
【解析】考查形容词辨析。old意为“古老的，旧的”；normal意为“普通的”；first意为“第一的”；present意为“目前的”。这里是指通过guide-book 你无法获得关于一个城镇如何发展成了现在的样子的相关信息，故选D项。
【答案】 D
10．A.capital B．meaning
C．design D．change
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文“the town was first planned and built”可知，此空应填design，表示不能向我们介绍城镇最初的设计。
【答案】 C
11．https://www.360docs.net/doc/9e7374310.html,ed to B．seemed to
C．had to D．happened to
【解析】考查短语辨析。used to do意为“过去常常做某事”；seem to意为“似乎”；have to意为“不得不”；happen to意为“碰巧”。此处指在城镇里走一走，可以了解它过去是什么样子的，故A项符合文意。
12．A.stops B．appears
C．starts D．continues
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：于是，一个人能够对这个城镇继续往什么方向发展有了更多的了解。了解过去是为了展望未来，故D项正确。
【答案】 D
13．A.point B．view
C．problem D．difficulty
【解析】考查名词辨析。上文讲述了了解城镇的方式，再由下文中的“one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes”可知，我们这么做的意义，故选A项，构成what is the point of doing sth.结构，意为“做某事有何意义”。
【答案】 A
14．A.simply B．nearly
C．generally D．hardly
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：对于我来讲，亲眼看一看城镇仅会让一个人获得更多的快乐。simply意为“仅仅，只不过”，符合文意。
【答案】 A
15．A.magazine B．guide-book
C．newspaper D．fiction
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：亲自去城里转一转会帮助你更好地了解为什么它如此吸引人，比只读旅行指南要好得多。故B项正确。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.语法填空
He is the man who for many people has been a role model.Now your biggest hero deserves a special day when you can express your thanks and let him know 1.________ important he is to you.
The third Sunday of June—which 2.________(fall) on June 19 this year—is
Father's Day.
The idea of Father's Day came from 3.________American woman called Sonora Smart Dodd in 1909.Dodd wanted a special day 4.________(honor)her father.He raised six children by 5.________after his wife died.Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honor loving dads.
The first Father's Day 6.________(celebrate) on June 19,1910.In 1924，US President Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a 7.________(nation) Father's Day.Finally，in 1966，President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June 8.________Father's Day.
Here are some ways to show your love and respect：
*Send him a greeting card.Fathers prefer cards 9.________ are not too emotional.So choose one that will make him laugh.
*If he has a computer，cover his desktop 10.________words like “I love you Dad”．
*A small present，such as a framed photo of your family，can make him feel like a king.
【答案】 1.how 考连接词的用法。宾语从句的感叹句用how修饰形容词important。
2．falls 考动词时态的用法。日历固定的节假日用一般现在时。
3．an 考冠词的用法。泛指美国一位妇女，用不定冠词。
4．to honor 考非谓语动词的用法。用动词不定式作定语，修饰a special day。
5．himself 考代词的用法。表“独自，单独”用by oneself。
6．was celebrated 考谓语动词的用法。父亲节是被庆祝的，故用被动语态。
7．national 考构词法。国庆节要用形容词形式。
8．as 考介词的用法。as在这里表示“作为”。
9．that/which 考连接词的用法。引导定语从句，that或which在从句中作主语。
10．with 考介词的用法。cover...with...“用……覆盖”。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2020·广东五校联考)Traffic jam and cities，it seems，go hand in hand.Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but，like the weather，no one seems to do anything about it.In particular，traffic engineers，transportation planners，and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.
But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success.Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities，and view the “traffic problem” in a different light.
Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.
Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces.Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems，while decaying cities don't have much traffic.New York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities.But if you want access to major brokerage houses (经纪行)，you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities.And if your firm needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers，you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.
Despite traffic jam，a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large，crowded cities than elsewhere.Seen in this light，traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity，not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.
So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities，the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.
There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok，Jakarta，and Lagos.But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US，even in our most crowded cities.That's why，for now，we don't see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago，heading for cities like California，and Illinois.
【语篇解读】文章讲述交通堵塞是经济繁荣的大城市常常出现的问题。然而，交通堵塞绝不是经济或者城市衰退的原因。
1．We can conclude from the first paragraph that________.
A．traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big city
B．traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with
C．if traffic engineers try their best，traffic jam can be solved D．public officials are always criticized for misusing their power 【解析】推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知城市和交通堵塞是相伴而生的。
【答案】 B
2．According to the passage，what's the author's opinion towards traffic jam?
A．In cities，traffic jam is unavoidable.
B．Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.
C．Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.
D．For a successful city，traffic jam is not unpreventable.
【解析】作者观点题。从第二段第四个句子可知作者的明确观点。交通堵塞本身就是发达城市发展中不可预测的副产品。
【答案】 C
3．By saying “decaying” (in Para.4)，the writer probably means ________.
A．declining B．developing
C．rich and successful D．strong and healthy
【解析】词义猜测题。由上文对比可知，成功的城市存在最糟糕的交通问题，相反的情况是衰退的城市没有太多交通堵塞。
【答案】 A
4．According to this article，which statement about “New York” and “Los Angeles” is true?
A．The traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.
B．New York and Los Angeles are the most successful cities in the USA.
C．It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.
D．Despite the traffic jam in LA，you'll find a satellite-guidance engineer more quickly there.
【解析】推理判断题。由第四段可知。
【答案】 D
5．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.
B．The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty.
C．The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.
D．Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.
【解析】段落大意题。由最后一段第一个主题句可知。
【答案】 D
B
Bad moods can actually be good for you，with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (轻信)，improves their ability to
judge others and also boosts memory.
The study，authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales，showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of，and paid more attention to，their surroundings than happier people，who were more likely to believe anything they were told.
“Although positive mood see ms to promote creativity，flexibility，cooperation，and reliance on mental shortcuts，negative moods trigger (引发) more attentive，careful thinking，paying greater attention to the external world，” Forgas wrote.
“Our research suggests that sadness...promotes info rmation processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations.”
For the study，Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.
In one of the experiments，happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.
People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices，and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.
The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments，which Forgas said showed that a “mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete，accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style.”
“Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors，are more resistant to eyewitness distortions (扭曲) and are better at producing high-quality，effective persuasive messages，” Forgas wrote.
The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍新的研究发现，情绪不好事实上对人有好处，使人不会轻易相信别人，且有助于提高判断能力和增强记忆。
6．The study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood，he ________.
A．is particular about everything
B．shows less concern about others
C．is willing to believe what he hears
D．cares more about his surroundings
【解析】细节理解题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“people in a negative mood were more critical of，and paid more attention to，their surroundings than happier people，who were more likely to believe anything”可知，D项正确。
【答案】 D
7．Which of the following is connected with positive mood?
A．New ideas. B．Being stubborn.
C．Being careful. D．Concentration.
【解析】细节判断题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“happier people，who were more likely to believe anything they were told”可知，情绪好的人更容易相信别人的话，因此可知，应选A项。
【答案】 A
8．How did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?
A．By watching sports programs.
B．By listening to happy or sad stories.
C．By dealing with demanding situations.
D．By thinking back on their past experience
【解析】细节理解题。难度中等。根据第五段中的“through watching films and recalling positive or negative event s.”可知，D项正确。
【答案】 D
9．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A．Positive mood contributes to better judgement.
B．Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.
C．Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.
D．People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.
【解析】细节判断题。难度中等。根据第一段中的“being sad makes people less gullible，improves their ability to judge others...”可知，A项错误；根据倒数第四段中的“and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed”可知B项正确；根据第六段中的“people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements”可知，C 项错误；根据第七段可知，D项错误。故选B。
【答案】 B
10．The author intends to convice us that ________.
A．Joseph Forgas made a great discovery
B．bad moods can actually be good for us
C．we should think positively and negatively
D．the Australian study is of practical value
【解析】目的意图题。难度中等。本文第一段为中心段，文章其余部分通过对情绪好的人和情绪不好的人做不同的实验，目的就是证明第一段第一句话“Bad moods can actually be good for you”，故作者的写作意图就是使读者相信“情绪不好事实上对你有好处”，故选B项。
【答案】 B
11．用30词左右概括文章大意
___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
【答案】 A study finds that bad moods can actually be good for you and being sad makes you less gullible，improves your ability to judge others and
also boosts memory.
高三英语每日一练1
英语每日一练（一） Whenever we hear about “the homeless,”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the 36 is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 37 country like Germany? Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 38 for the homeless of Berlin, Germany’s capital. They first 39 one long hot summer when most Germans were 40 on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, 41 a table in the street and gave food to the homeless. The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren’t 42 . “What these people also need is warmth and 43 ,” says Rita. The Mullers didn’t 44 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita 45 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 46 to anyone who couldn’t face another night on the street. The couple were soon 47 all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 48 donations. Today, over thirty companies 49 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 50 them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 51 new shoes. Kurt and Rita receive no 52 for their hard work. “We feel like parents,”says Rita, “and parents shouldn’t 53 money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 54 . She says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 55 in the world. 36. A. result B. truth C. reason D. idea 37. A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy 38. A. preparations B. houses C. meals D. suggestions 39. A. began B. met C. called D. left 40. A. asleep B. alone C. across D. away 41. A. brought up B. set up C. put aside D. gave away 42. A. enough B. necessary C. helpful D. expensive 43. A. fame B. freedom C. courage D. caring 44. A. hesitate B. agree C. pretend D. intend 45. A. make sense B. found out C. make sure D. worked out 46. A. open B. crowded C. noisy D. near 47. A. costing B. wasting C. taking D. spending 48. A. pay for B. ask for C. look into D. carry out 49. A. completely B. calmly C. regularly D. roughly 50. A. advertise B. sell C. deliver D. lend 51. A. donates B. produces C. designs D. collects 52. A. permission B. payment C. direction D. support 53. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. expect 54. A. surprised B. excited C. tired D. amused 55. A. profit B. difference C. decision D. rule It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone. The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to
高三英语完型阅读强化训练2
As a high school coach, I did all I could to help my boys win their games. I ___1___ as hard for victory as they did. A dramatic incident, however, following a game in which I officiated as a referee, ___2___ my perspective on victories and defeats. I was refereeing a league championship basketball game in New Rochelle, New York, between New Rochelle and Yonkers High. New Rochelle was coached by Dan O'Brien, Yonkers by Les Beck. The gym was crowded to capacity, and the volume of noise made it impossible to hear. The game was well played and closely contested. Yonkers was leading by one point as I glanced at the clock and ___3___ there were but 30 seconds left to play. Yonkers, in possession of the ball, passed off —shot —missed. New Rochelle recovered —pushed the ball up court —shot. The ball rolled tantalizingly around the rim and off. The fans shrieked. New Rochelle, the home team, ___4___ the ball, and tapped it in for what looked like victory. The tumult was deafening. I glanced at the clock and saw that the game was over. I hadn't heard the final buzzer because of the noise. I ___5___ with the other official, but he could not help me. Still seeking help in this bedlam, I ___6___ the timekeeper, a young man of 17 or so. He said, "Mr. Covino, the buzzer went off as the ball rolled off the rim, before the final tap-in was made." I was in the unenviable position of having to tell Coach O'Brien the sad news. "Dan," I said, "time ran out before the final basket was ___7___ in. Yonkers won the game." His face clouded over. The young timekeeper came up. He said, "I'm sorry, Dad. The time ran out before the final basket." Suddenly, like the sun coming out from ___8___ a cloud, Coach O'Brien's face lit up. He said, "That's okay, Joe. You did what you had to do. I'm proud of you." Turning to me, he said, "Al, I want you to meet my son, Joe." The two of them then walked off the court together, the coach's arm ___9___ his son's shoulder. B In Britain, the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h. (miles per hour) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country. Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h. But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h. By 1930, however, the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they likes. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing. Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain. Offences for speeding fall into three classes: exceeding the limit on a restricted road, exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving, and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart, or more. The main controversy (争论) surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value. The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents. It claims that when the 30 m.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents. Likewise, when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties, there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents. There were also fewer casualties (伤亡) in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966. In America, however, it is thought that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density. This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely, or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory, as is done in parts of the USA. ( no more than ten words) 1. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions? Driving tests and pedestrian crossings 2. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he _drive too fast/exceeds the speed limits____. 3. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws? Speed limits reduce accidents. 4. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents? The increase in traffic density.
高三英语专项练习
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2014届高三那英语能力训练(三)
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高三英语练习4
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