过去分词作宾语补足语
概念引入
上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子：
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form
the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government.
3. You find most of the population settled in the south.
4. They found the window broken.
5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。
用法讲解
什么是宾语补足语
英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。
1. 作补足语的词语：
1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。
（名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be）
2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。
（形容词作宾语补足语）
3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。
（副词作宾语补足语）
4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place.
他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
（介词短语作宾语补足语）
5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。
(省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）
6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。
（动词-ing形式做宾语补足语）
7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。
（过去分词作宾语补足语）
【补充】英语的六种基本句型：
英语的最基本的句型有6种，其他的句子都是由这6种句型转换来的。
1）主语＋谓语
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
主语谓语
2）主语+系动词+表语
The work seemed difficult to us.
主语系动词表语
3）主语+谓语+宾语
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.
主语谓语宾语
4）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room.
主语谓语宾语宾语
（间接）（直接）
5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
They saw little Tom being punished by his parents.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
6）There be结构
There is a small village below the mountain.
谓语主语
注意：没有划线的部分是定语或者状语，如“in my hometown”是地点状语，而修饰名词“Farmers”后的
“in our area”是定语。
2. 宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系
1）They named the black dog Arrow. 他们命名这只黑狗“Arrow”。
我们可以说“The little dog is Arrow.”，所以宾语the little dog和补足语Arrow是逻辑上的主谓关系
2）I noticed a little girl drawing under the tree. 我注意到一个小女孩在树下画画。
（小女孩在画画，即宾语补足语的动作是女孩做的，宾语与补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系，而且是主动的，
用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语）
3）We should keep him informed of what is going on here.
我们必须让他了解这里发生的事。
（他被告知某事，说明宾语“他”与补足语“告知”是被动的主谓关系，也称为“动宾关系，即动词及其宾语的关系”，用过去分词作宾语补足语）
3. 主语补足语
含有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句时，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。
He was found sleeping under the tree. 他被发现正在树下睡觉。
（补充说明主语，与主语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，是主语补足语）
4. 介词的宾语补足语
有些介词的宾语有时也需有补足语，构成介词宾语的复合结构。
We were all excited, with the bonfire burning late into the night.
篝火一直烧到深夜，我们都很兴奋。
（burning作介词with的宾语the bonfire的补足语）
过去分词作宾语补足语的意义
过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，宾语是其逻辑主语，一般是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的被动关系。
1）I saw his eyes fixed on me with curiosity. 我看见他的眼睛盯着我，充满了好奇。
解析：
过去分词fixed的用法是易错处。fix译成“盯着”，一些同学会误认为“眼睛正盯着”为什么用fixed，而不用fixing呢？实际上，应该是“I fixed my eyes on...”，即“我让我的眼睛盯着......”，所以变成被动时应该是“My eyes are fixed on...”，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。另外，这里过去分词不表示完成的
动作，而表示状态。再如：
The glass is broken.
此句中broken表示摔碎的状态。还要注意不能用being fixed，因为being fixed表示瞬间的动作，而没有表示出过程。
2）We want the work finished by Saturday. 我们想要工作周六前完成。
解析：想要工作被完成，用finished。要分析宾语与补足语间的主被动关系。
3）She heard the front door shut. 她听见前门被关上了。
解析：shut的三个形式（原形、过去式、过去分词）一样，此处shut是过去分词，因
为是人关上了门。
4）We found the house deserted. 我们发现这所房子被废弃了。
解析：desert 意为“抛弃、遗弃”，Somebody deserts the house. 因此是...the house deserted.
5）I felt myself called upon to do something to help.
我感觉我被召唤着要做点事情来帮忙。
解析：我感觉我自己被别人或者一种神秘的力量感召着，来做事情。因此是“被叫”。
从上述的例子来看，作宾语补足语的过去分词大多数来自及物动词，强调被动或完成。但也有少数来自不及物动词，强调动作完成后的状态。
What are you going to do with everyone gone? 大家都走了，你怎么办？
能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（认为）, consider, find等
We saw the thief caught by the police. 我看见小偷被警察抓住了。
We thought the game lost. 我们认为球赛输了。
2. 表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave 等。
Don’t leave such an important thing undone. 不要让这么重要的事没有人做。
He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等
I want the house white-washed before we move in. 我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1）过去分词作宾补：与宾语之间是被动关系，其动作通常先于谓语动词完成。
2）现在分词作宾补：与宾语之间是主动关系，其动作与谓语动词同时进行。
3）不定式作宾补：表示一个完成的动作或看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作的过程。
I saw him opening the window. 我看见他正在开窗。（强调正在，且宾语做了开窗的动作）
I saw the window opened. 我看见窗户被打开了。（完成，被动）
I saw him open the window. 我看见他打开了窗户。（看到宾语开窗的全过程）
注意：
1. 有些动词后必须接to do sth. 作宾语补足语：如order, advise, persuade, warn, encourage, get, cause等。
I encouraged her to work hard and try for the examinations. 我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做出努力。
2. 感官动词（如see，notice，watch，discover等）和使役动词（make, have, let 等）一般接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但是变成被动语态时，需带to。
The girl was made to practise the piano for three hours every day.
这个女孩每天要练三个小时钢琴。
重点句型
1. have ＋宾语＋过去分词——have sth. done
1）表示“要别人做某事”，此时可以用get代替have。
You’d better have that tooth filled. 你最好把那颗牙补补。
We must have this note sent to them right today.
我们今天就得派人把这个通知送交给他们。
2）表示“遭遇某种（不幸的）事情”，不能用get代替have。
Last week we had all our windows broken by the naughty boys.
上周我们所有的窗户都被淘气的孩子们打碎了。
I had my hand burned in the fire. 我的手被火烧伤了。
3）完成某事（自己也可能参与）
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
拓展：
1) have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
2）have sb./ sth. doing让某人一直做某事，（否定句中）容忍某人做某事
He had us laughing during the lunchtime. 在午饭期间，他让我们一直笑个不停。
I won’t have you talking to your parents like this. 我不许你对父母这样讲话。
2. get ＋宾语＋过去分词——get sth. done
表示“要别人做某事”，可以与have互换。
We have had \ got the TV repaired. 我们已经请人把电视机修好了。
Let’s get this work done, and then we can go out.我们先把这工作做完，就可以出去了。
拓展：get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。注意不省略to。
I got him to agree to the plan.我使他同意了这个计划。
3. “with +宾语+过去分词”结构——with sth. done
过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语, 注意宾语与补足语之间是被动关系。
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.
买完所有需要的东西，她高兴地回家了。
With the matter settled, we all went home.
事情得到解决,我们都回家了。
拓展：“with/ without +宾语+宾语补足语”结构
with/ without后面除了接过去分词作宾语补足语外，也可以接现在分词、不定式、形容词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语或定语。例如：
1）She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（伴随状语）她走了进来，鼻子冻得红红的。
2）With the meal over，we all went home.（时间状语）
聚餐结束了，我们都回了家。
3）The teacher was walking up and down with the ruler in his hand.（伴随状语）
老师走来走去，手里拿着尺子。
4）He could not finish the work without me to help him.（条件状语）如果我不去帮他，他不会完成工作。
5）She fell asleep with the light burning.（伴随状语）
他睡着了，灯还亮着。
6）Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（原因状语）
柜橱里什么也没有剩下，她出去弄点东西吃。
7）A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. （定语）
一个少了两颗门牙的男孩儿跑进屋里。
注意：
在with/without的复合结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。如上面句子中第4）句，to help的动作还未发生；第5）句，他睡觉时灯正亮着；而第6）句left表示被剩下，而且强调“剩下”的动作已经发生。
巩固练习
Ⅰ.用动词的正确形式填空：
1. Have you got a map to show me? I’m ________ （puzzle）.
2. Did he have his wallet _______ (steal) last Friday？
3. When I got to the supermarket, I found it _______ (close).
4. He found his wife _______ (cook) in the kitchen when he woke up at five.
5. He watched the bed ______ (carry) out of the room.
6. She doesn’t want her daughter _______ (take) out after dark.
7. When will you have your eyes _______ (examine)?
8. My mother got me ________ (check) all the homework I did last night.
9. With the boy ______ ( lead) the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.
10. I can hear the windows _______ (beat) by the heavy rain.
11. Tom has been away from home for two years, leaving his room _______ (cover) with dust.
12. Why do you leave the baby ________ (cry) there?
13. I have to leave my house early ______ (catch) the early bus.
14. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ (smoke) in the kitchen.
15. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ (carry) out the next year.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思，在空格处填入恰当的词。
1. 我将随时向你报告有关我们实验的重要的进展。
I’ll ___________________ about the breakthrough in our experiment.
2. 他醒来结果发现他的汽车被偷了。
He woke up only to ________________.
3. 在这个发达的国家里，你很少听到有人讲脏话。
You seldom hear rude words __________ in this ___________country.
4. 他提高嗓音以便使别人能够听见他说话。
He raised his voice so as to ____________________.
5. 他匆忙离开家，留下很多事没做。
He left home in a hurry, __________ many things _____________.
6. 回来时，他很惊讶地发现房间被彻底的打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
On his return, he was very ________to find his room thoroughly __________and everything
_______in good order.
7. 明天我将请人把门油漆一下。
I’ll _________________ tomorrow.
8. 你会发现到处都在议论这个话题。
You’ll _________________ everywhere.
9. 据说这本书是他在40多岁时写的。
The book is said ________________ in his forties.
10. 在放学回家途中，她非常恐惧的看到路边有一条被打死的蛇。
On his way home from school, she was _______ to see a snake _______to death by the road.
Ⅲ.单项选择。
1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
2. The next morning she found the man ________ in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
3. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
4. —Did Peter fix the computer himself?
—He __________, because he doesn’t know much about computers.
A. has it fixed
B. had fixed it
C. had it fixed
D. fixed it
5. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______
in a short period.
A. improved
B. improving
C. to improve
D. improve
6. Even the best writers sometimes found themselves ______ for words.
A. lose
B. lost
C. to lose
D. having lost
7. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left
______.
A. unsatisfied
B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying
D. being unsatisfied
8. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
9. —Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301?
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob __________ you to your room.
A. show
B. shows
C. to show
D. showing
10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there __________ for a space flight.
A. training
B. being trained
C. to have trained
D. to be trained
11. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work __________ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
12. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, __________ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let
B. letting
C. let
D. having let
13. My parents have always made me _______ about myself, even when I was twelve.
A. feeling well
B. feeling good
C. feel well
D. feel good
14. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having
a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
15. —Why did you go back to the shop?
—I left my friend ________ there.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. waits
16. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ______ down to eat our picnic lunch.
A．sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
17. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. interest
D. to interest
18. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
19. After watching those young boys’ thrilling performances of bicycles, I found myself _______.
A. astonishing
B. astonished
C. to be astonished
D. having astonished
20. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
21. The result of the entrance exams was not made ______ to the public until last Thursday.
A. knowing
B. known
C. to know
D. to be known
22. You must get the work ______ before Friday.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. done
23. They woke up _______ everything around ________.
A. to find; changed
B. to find; changing
C. found; changed
D. finding; changing
24. If you think hard, you won’t have the puzzle ________ you.
A. puzzle
B. puzzles
C. puzzled
D. to puzzle
25. The mother told her little son not to leave his stomach _______, saying that it might cause him a stomachache.
A. expose
B. exposed
C. being exposed
D. exposing
答案与解析
Ⅰ. 用动词的正确形式填空：
1. puzzled。表示内心感觉，用过去分词作表语。
2. stolen。have sth. done 遭受某事。
3. closed。门是被关上的，用过去分词。
4. cooking。妻子做饭，主动且正在进行，用-ing形式。
5. carried
6. taken
7. examined
8. to check。get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。
9. to lead
10. beaten
11. covered。leave表示“使......处于某种状态而不理”，灰尘落满了房间，the room 和cover是被动的，所以用covered。
12. crying。“女孩哭”，宾语与宾语补足语是主动关系，所以用crying。
13. to catch。表示目的用不定式。
14. smoking。此句是find sb. doing的被动形式。
15. carried。注意宾语补足语carried out的宾语是定语从句修饰的plan。句意：经理们讨论了他们希望下一年将执行的计划。
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思，在空格处填入恰当的词。
1. keep you informed
2. find his car stolen
3. spoken, developed
4. make himself heard
5. leaving, undone
6. surprised, cleaned, arranged
7. get/have my door painted 8. find the topic being discussed 9. to have been written
10. scared/ frightened, beaten
Ⅲ.单项选择。
1. D。考查非谓语动词在with复合结构中的使用。宾语“his hands”与动词tie（绑）是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语表示状态。注意不能用being tied，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，此句中如果用being tied，就表示谋杀犯在走着的时候，一个人正在绑他的手，这种可能性几乎没有。
2. A。这个人正躺着，是主动关系，所以用lie（躺着）的现在分词lying。lay是lie （躺着）的过去式，也是及物动词lay（放置）的原形，都是谓语形式；laying是lay（放置）的现在分词形式。
3. A。因“工作”与“完成”之间为被动关系，故finish要用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4. C。根据对话的最后一句话可知“他对电脑了解不多”，所以他需要请人修理，故用“have sth. done”，再根据问句的时态，选C。
5. A。指英语水平得到提高，故要用过去分词表示被动意义，选A。
6. B。be lost for words 说不出话来，因为作found的宾语补足语，去掉be，用法相当于形容词。
7. A。but后是被动句，所以空中要填的是主语补足语，即要看主语与unsatisfy的关系；表示人的内心感觉，应用unsatisfied，意为“（人）感到不满意”。leave sb. unsatisfied 使某人处于不满意的状态而置之不理。
8. C。have sth done 表示“让别人做某事”。注意she had had是定语从句，被修饰的先行词the washing machine是have的宾语，而要填的词是其补足语，所以不能用B，否则it与先行词the washing machine重复。不是定语从句时的正常语序是“had had the washing machine repaired”。
9. A。“have sb do sth”意思是“叫某人做某事”。句意：我让Bob带你去房间。
10. D。由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关系，故可排除A和C。另外，由于被训练进行航空飞行是他被派往那儿的目的，所以宜用不定式，故选D。
11. B。考查“with+宾语+非谓语动词”结构。宾语so much work与补足语fill（充满）是主动关系，要注意fill后有宾语，是“主谓宾”结构，所以是主动关系，选B。
12. B。let in （使进入），此处用let的现在分词表示结果，与其逻辑主语the glass doors是主动关系。又如：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。
13. D。根据情况，使役动词make后可接动词原形(不带to的不定式)或过去分词作宾语补足语，但不能接现在分词，故可排除选项A和B; feel作为连系动词，其后要接形容词作表语。
14. C。With a lot of difficult problems to settle 表示“现在或将来有很多难题需要解决”；虽然with的宾语problems与settle是被动关系，但是句子的主语the president是settle动作的执行者，所以可以不用被动形式。
15. A。leave sb. waiting 表示“使……正在等”，waiting作宾补。
16. D。注意连词and在这里连接了两个谓语动词found和sat，表示并列的两个动作。句意：最后我们发现我们来到了一个令人愉悦的、浓荫覆盖的公园，就坐下来开始野餐。
17. A。及物动词interest意思是“使（某人）感兴趣”，与“them”之间是动宾关系（被动关系），用过去分词interested作宾语补足语，interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。
18. D。考查make oneself heard 表示“使自己被听到”；喊的目的是被别人听见，make用不定式形式作目的状语。
19. B。astonish。astonish 使（某人）惊讶，与宾语myself是被动关系，用过去分词表示内心的感觉。
句意：看了那些年轻人的惊心动魄的自行车表演，我大为惊讶。
20. D。caught的宾语“a man”与“put”之间是主动关系，而且与caught同时发生，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“抓住某人正在放”。
21. B。句子是被动句，要填的词是主语的补足语，使“结果”被“知道”，所以用过去分词作主语补足语。主动语序是：... made the result... known...。句意：入学考试的结果直到上周四才向公众公布。
22. D。get sth. done 使某事被做。
23. A。第一空用find的不定式表示出乎意料地结果；第二空用过去分词表示完成，change此处是不及物动词，不表示被动。
24. A。puzzle 作名词时，意为“难题”，作动词时意为“使（某人）迷惑”。have sb./ sth. do 让某人做某事。have后用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语做的主动的动作。
25. B。stomach（胃，腹部）是被曝露出来的，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语表示被“露出”的状态。不能用being exposed，因为不需强调expose的动作正在进行。
过去分词作宾语补足语 学案
过去分词作宾语补足语 概念引入 上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子： 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。 用法讲解 宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。 什么是宾语补足语 英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。 1. 作补足语的词语： 1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 （名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be） 2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。 （形容词作宾语补足语） 3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。 （副词作宾语补足语） 4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 （介词短语作宾语补足语） 5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符号to的动词不定式） 6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。 （动词-ing形式做宾语补足语） 7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。 （过去分词作宾语补足语） 【补充】英语的六种基本句型： 英语的最基本的句型有6种，其他的句子都是由这6种句型转换来的。
不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别
不少英语语法书上认为英语中的感官动词如feel, hear, see, look at, listen to, notice, watch等后要跟复合宾语，即"宾语+宾语补足语"并举例说：I heard him speak.我听了他的发言句中的不带to的不定式speak表示已发过言了，表示一个完成的动作I heard him speaking.我听见他在说话句中的现在分词speaking表示"正在说话"笔者认为上述的解释是不正确的下面谈谈自己的一点肤浅见解，与同行们探讨 如果按上述I heard him speak.句中的解释，speak表示"一个完成的动作"，"讲过话了"，在我听的时候，speak怎么会是一个完成的动作呢?按理可推，I heard her singing.能理解为说话的此刻她还在唱歌吗? 由此可见，"一个完成的动作"是对哪个时间参照点而言，如果是对说话的此刻而言，那么，当hear,feel,notice,watch等为过去时，不管是不带to的动词不定式，还是现在分词都表示"完成的动作" 如果hear,feel,notice,see,watch等为一般现在时或一般将来时，则不带to的不定式不可能是"一个完成的动作"如：We want to come and hear you play.能解释为说话的此刻，play是"一个已完成的动作(已演出过了)"吗? 在语言的运用中，实际上不带to的动词不定式表示整个活动(a complete activity, a complete action或a whole action)，而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(an activity in progress)或者不管是不是全过程试比较： I saw him change the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子(意味着我看到了整个动作过程) I saw him changing the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分) 又如：I saw him cross the road.是指"我看到他穿过马路的整个过程"(从离开人行道到另一侧的人行道)，而I saw him crossing the road.则是指"我看到他正在穿越马路"再比较下列动
过去分词做宾补常见结构归纳
过去分词做宾补常见结构归纳 一、在make, get, have, keep等表示“致使”意义的动词中： 1、“have”+ 宾语+ -ed 分词有三种情况 (1)We had the engine repaired. 我们已经把发动机修理了。（表示完成一件事情，不一定自己 亲自动手做，也许请别人做）。 (2)He had his leg broken when he was climbing the tree. 当他爬树的时候把腿伤了。（表示 “遭受”，并非有意去做）。 (3)He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷。（表示“遭受经济损失”，不由自主，自己是 受害者。） 2、“make”+ 宾语+-ed分词 The news made me disappointed. 这个消息使我失望。 What made them so frightened? 是什么使他们如此害怕？ She managed to make herself understood in English. 她讲英语设法让别人明白她的意思。 They are determined to make their voice heard. 他们决心让别人听见他们的声音。 You’ve made her embarrassed with your question. 你的问题使她很尴尬。 Let’s make it known to all that there must be less empty talk and more hard work. 我们要让大家知道：少空谈，多勤奋。 This has made them interested in Marxism. 这已经使他们对马克思主义产生兴趣。 You should make your views known. 你应该让大家知道你的观点。 You must make yourself respected. 你必须树立自己的尊严。 3、“get”+ 宾语+-ed分词 She got her tooth pulled out. 她把自己的一颗牙拔掉了。 Nowadays we got women trained as truck drivers. 现在我们培训女士当卡车司机。 The nurse hurriedly got the children dressed. 护士匆匆忙忙给孩子们穿上了衣服。 It was so cold that the driver couldn’t get the car started. 天气太冷了，以至于司机无法将车子启动。 4、“keep”+ 宾语+-ed分词 Please keep us informed of the latest development. 请随时将最新进展告知我们。 He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was. 他闭上眼睛，呆在原来的地方。 And she keeps the food locked up. 她将食品锁了起来。
分词作宾语补足语
分词 分词作宾语补足语。 1．现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。 在5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。，此外find, catch, keep, have .I heard a girl crying next door. I heard someone knocking at the door. He kept me waiting for a long time. I saw Tom entering the room. I found my key lost. I found the boy beaten black and blue. He made himself understood. John will get his room painted. Exercises1: 1) I heard my name ________________ ( call). 2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) . 3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake. 4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut). 5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday. ExercisesII: 141. She was glad to see her child well __________. A. take care of B. taken care of C. taken care D. taking care of 142. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________. A. boiling B. boiled C. from boiling D. having been boiled 143. I’ve heard him __________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 144. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak D. being spoken 145. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help. A. shouting B. shout C. shouted D. having shouted 146. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________. A. jumping B. beating C. bumping D. knocking 147. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?” ---“Yes. I can smell something __________.” A. burning B. is burning C. having burnt D. burn 148. Why do you have the water __________ all the time? A. ran B. to be running C. running D. being running 149. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________. A. filling B. having been filled C. filled D. full 150. I can’t ______ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 151. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________. A. those letters mailed B. mailed letters C. to mailed those letters D. those letters mail 152. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know. A. looked up B. looking in C. to look up D. look at 153. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children? A. doing B. to do C. done D. did
现在分词做宾语补足语
现在分词做宾语补足语 现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为： 主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。使用此结构要特别注意： 句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语。掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点。 一、感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。例如： He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活。 分析： “He”在句子中做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子，working in the garden宾语补足语。 I heard a bell ring.我听见铃在响。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。 高中范围内，适用于“感官动词+宾语+现在分词”的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有： feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等。 在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词(即宾语补足语)。例如： Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone.有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管。 She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里。 二、使役动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语。例如： His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思。
过去分词作介词的宾语
1. 介词后接过去分词作宾语的用法非常少见，主要见于某些固定搭配或特殊结构，比如当as表示“当作”“按照”时，就可后接某些过去分词。如： We can’t regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。 I finished the work as requested. 我按要求完成了工作。 He had failed to visit her as promised. 他没有按他的诺言来看望她。 Not all of them had gone well, and fewer still had gone as planned. 并非所有的事情都进展顺利，按计划进行的则更少。 Owing to the rain the garden party did not take place as advertised. 由于下雨，游园会没有按照广告说的时间举行。 2. 另一个比较典型的固定搭配是take…for granted（认为……是当然的，想当然地认为）。如： Don’t take his kindness for granted. 不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。 We must not take it for granted that the board of the directors will approve of the investment plan. 我们决不可想当然地认为董事会一定会批准这个投资计划的。 3. 注意，介词后接过去分词的用法是非常有限的，除一些特殊表达外，在其他情况下介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语，若语义上需要接过去分词（表被动），可考虑使用“being+过去分词”，如以下各句中的being不能省略： He once did it without being caught. 他有次这样做而未被人抓住。 Who prevented the plan from being carried out? 谁阻止这个计划的实现的? Instead of being criticized, he ought to be praised. 他不应受到批评而应受到赞扬。 She looked surprised at being asked such a question. 有人问她这样的问题她感到惊讶。 On being introduced, British people often shake hands. 英国人被介绍给别人的时候常常和对方握手。 After being informed the flight would be delayed, we made other arrangements. 在我们得知飞机要推迟起飞后，我们另作了安排。 【注】有的介词后接过去分词，实际上是由从属连接所引导的从句省略“主语和动词be”后所导致的结果： Leave in oven until cooked. 放在烤箱里一直到烤熟。（可视为在as后省略了it is） It usually happens as described above. 情况通常就像上面描述的那样发生了。（可视为在as后省略了it is）
过去分词作宾补的用法
关于过去分词作宾补的用法 过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语（主补、宾补）等。下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结。 一、能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。(3)I”ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(5)Don”t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。(6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。(7)I wish my homework finished before five o”clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。 二、过去分词作宾补表示的意义。
1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。 2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。 三、过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。 1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历） 2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底 打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
(完整版)英语宾语补足语用法详解
Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2) 一、概念 (2) 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2) 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3) 典例精析： (4)
英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 分词作主语(宾语)补足语时，若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动； 如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。 Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
过去分词作宾语补足语
Unit2 The United Kingdom过去分词作宾语补足语 The past participle as the Object Complement 过去分词在句中可以作1.定语2.表语3.宾语补足语4.状语 a lighted candle 、a broken heart、fallen leaves、 cooked food、honored people 他写的小说很畅销。 The novel written by him sells well.过去分词短语作后置定语表被动和完成 坐在那的那个人是我的叔叔。（seat） The man seated there is my uncle.过去分词短语作后置定语表状态不表被动 他看起来很着急。He looked worried. 过去分词作表语表状态 我的眼镜破了。My glasses are broken .过去分词作表语表状态 1）Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. find + object+ past participle 2）… to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. get + object+ past participle 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make, consider, keep, see , find, call, get, have, let等。 We think him clever. What he said made me angry. We consider the answer correct. Everyone calls him Tom. 宾语补足语的表示法 1.His father named him Jack. ( 名词) 2.They painted their house white.(形容词) 3.You mustn’t force him to go at once.（不定式） 4. Nobody noticed him enter the room.（不定式短语） 5. We saw her entering the room. (现在分词或其短语) 5. We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.(过去分词) 6. We take English as a useful tool for research work.用介词引出） 7. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.（介词短语） 8. Let the fresh air in.（副词） 9. The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will. (从句) 过去分词作宾语补足语，表示动作已经完成或结束。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意
必修5-unit2过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是过去分词动作的对象，过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种： ▼过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面 例：1. They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 2. Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。 ▼“have+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义。用于第一种情况的动词还有make,let等。 1）表示“让别人做某事” 例：1.I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了我的自行车。 2. The villagers had many trees planted just then. 就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。 2）表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。 例：My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month. 上个月我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。 【随即随练】用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.He went away without saying anything, leaving(leave)usstanding(stand)outside. 2.Mr.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had repaired (repair)went wrong again. 3.I wonder if this is the computer you want to have repaired (repair). 4.Children’s being addicted to the Internet gets their parents worried (worry). ▼在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 例：1.I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。 2.They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. 他们用了很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。 ▼过去分词常用在感官动词watch,see,hear,listen to, notice, feel等的后面 例：1.When we got to school,we saw the door locked. 当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。 2.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的用法浅析
20XX年中学测试 中 学 试 题 试 卷 科目： 年级： 考点： 监考老师： 日期：
不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的用法浅析 一、不定式和其短语做宾语补足语 不定式和其短语做宾语补足语，主要强调动作的全过程或一次性的动作。例如： a. I asked him to come here. b. Did you see anyone come into the room? c. I think him to be a good teacher. d. Please tell her to wait for me at the school gat e. 能用不定式或不定式短语作宾语补足语动词两种情况，一种是接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词，一种是接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词。 1．常见的接带to的定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell, ask,want, teach,allow, drive, expect, invite, love, hate, like, prefer, would like等。其否定形式在不定式前加not。 例如： a. My mother often tells me to study hard at school. b. Mr. Zhang asked us not to play too many computer games at home. c. I want you to teach me how to use a computer. 2．常见的接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要是一些表示感觉的动词和表示“使”、“让”的动词，表示事情全过程或一次性动作。它们主要有： 一感：fell 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助: help help sb. to do / do sth. 例如：a. Did you hear me sing a song last night? b. I saw him come into the room yesterday. c. Please let me help you clean / to clean the windows. d. Oh, please don’t make the baby cry again. 注意：含不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的句子变成被动语态时，要把to加上，即不可省掉to，例如： a. I heard her sing yesterday. —— She was heard to sing yesterday by me. b. He made me laugh. —— I was made to laugh by him. 二、现在分词或现在分词短语作宾语补足语 现在分词或现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表示宾语补足语是一个正在进行和发生的动作，具有一定的描述性。例如： a. Did you hear me singing an English song at this time last night? b. I saw him watching TV when I came back from school yesterday. c.When Edison’s father came into the room, he saw Edison sitting on some eggs. d. Who makes the baby crying?
分词做主语补足语
非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。此处重点讲解分词作主语补足语的情况。 难点形成原因： 1.分不清什么是补足语。 2.分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。 3.遇到时容易和其他知识点混淆。 4.练得不多、用得不熟。 解决办法： 通过练习强化，多做题,通过做练习，慢慢渗透。 用法讲解： 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语（n./pron.）+ 宾语补足语（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语共7种表示法） 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.（2003年全国卷）此句中 smoking 是主语 he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen. 此句中 smoking 是宾语 him 的补足语，所以称为宾语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语（宾语）补足语 分词作主语（宾语）补足语时，若主语（宾语）与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动；如果主语（宾语）与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing. 主语 he 与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词 singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken. 主语 one of the glasses 与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词 broken。 Don't leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（2004年天津卷） The water is running. 宾语 the water 与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分 词 running。 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词
过去分词作宾语补足语
概念引入 上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子： 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。 用法讲解 什么是宾语补足语 英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。 1. 作补足语的词语： 1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 （名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be） 2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。 （形容词作宾语补足语） 3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。 （副词作宾语补足语） 4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 （介词短语作宾语补足语） 5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符号to的动词不定式） 6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。 （动词-ing形式做宾语补足语） 7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。
高中英语Unit2TheUnitedKingdomSectionⅢGrammar_过去分词作宾语补足语教案(含解析)新人教版必修5
Section Ⅲ Grammar—过去分词作宾语补足语 语法图解 探究发现 第一组： ①Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. ②You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. ③Have you ever heard the song sung in Chinese? ④We’d like to see the problems solved within seven days. 第二组： ①I had a photo taken standing on the Great Wall. ②Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. ③You must make yourself respected. 第三组： ①The teacher wanted the problem discussed at the moment. ②The manager wished those letters typed as soon as possible. [我的发现] (1)以上例句中的过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，它们与句子宾语之间的关系为逻辑上的被动关系或完成关系。 (2)在第一组句子中，find,_hear和see等感官动词后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。 (3)在第二组句子中，have,_get和make等使役动词后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。 (4)在第三组句子中，want和wish都为表示意愿或愿望的动词，其后可以用过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。 一、常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
过去分词作定语用法
We lit the candle and the candle lit up the room. 我们点着蜡烛，蜡烛照亮房间。There is a lighted candle on the table. 桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。 过去分词作宾补的用法 过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语（主补、宾补）等。下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结。 一、能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。(3)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (5)Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。(6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。(7)I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。 二、过去分词作宾补表示的意义。 1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。