美国文学多部作品的翻译及赏析

The wild honey suckle ---- Philip Freneau Fair flower,that dost so comely grow,

Hid in this silent,dull retreat,

Unseen thy little branches greet;

No roving foot shall crush thee here,

No busy hand provoke a tear.

By Nature's self in whrite arrayed,

She bade thee shun the vulger eye,

And planted here the guardian shade,

And sent soft waters murmuring by;

Thus quietly thy summer goes,

Thy days declining to repose.

Smit with those chams,that must decay,

I grieve to see your future doom;

they died--nor were those flowers more gay, the flowers that did in Eden bloom;

Unpitying frosts,and Autumn's power.

Shall leave no vestige of this flower.

From morning suns and evening dews

At first thy little being came:

If nothing once,you nothing lose, For when you die you are the same; The space between,is but an hour, The frail duration of flower.

美好的花呀，你长得：这么秀丽，

却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方——

甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵，

招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；

没游来荡去的脚来把你踩碎，

没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。

大自然把你打扮得一身洁白，

她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光，

她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，

又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁；

你的夏天就这样静静地消逝，

这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。

那些难免消逝的美使我销魂，

想起你未来的结局我就心疼，

别的那些花儿也不比你幸运——

虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零，

无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力，

会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。

朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育，

让你这小小的生命来到世上，

原来若乌有，就没什么可失去，

因为你的死让你同先前一样；

这来去之间不过是一个钟点——

这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。

In this poem the poet expressed a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature.

1.He not only meditated on mortality but also celebrated nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature, "the wild honey suckle" is Philip Freneau's most widely read natural lyric with the theme of transience.

2.The poem express the poet's view about the writing material of American writers. In the author's opinion, the origin land in America was filled with beauty and myth, which could compete with the relics of Europe. It revealed on the basis of American beauty, the

American writer can produce good works.

To a waterfowl ----- William Cullen Bryant Whither, 'midst falling dew,

While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue Thy solitary way?

Vainly the fowler's eye

Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong, As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,

Thy figure floats along.

Seek'st thou the plashy brink

Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink

On the chafed ocean side?

There is a Power whose care

Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--

The desert and illimitable air,--

Lone wandering, but not lost.

All day thy wings have fann'd

At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:

Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,

Though the dark night is near.

And soon that toil shall end,

Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,

And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.

Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven

Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,

And shall not soon depart.

He, who, from zone to zone,

Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight, In the long way that I must tread alone,

Will lead my steps aright.

你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？

看你远远飞翔而无计可施，

捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；

满天红霞把你映衬，披着滴落的露珠，天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；

穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，

暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。

你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，

还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

或者潮水冲刷的海滩，

那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？

有上苍把你关照，

在无路的海岸为你指路－－

在荒漠和无边的空际，

你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。

你成天翕动翅膀，

任空气稀薄暴 寒冷，飞在高处，

疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，

即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。

你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，

你即将找到你夏天的住处；

休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，

芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。

你的身躯全被吞没，

天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；

然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，

我将久久地久久地把它记住砖

从一地又到一地，

天空无垠，你的飞翔从无迟误；

愿引领你的向导把我引领，

孤单的长路中迈开永不偏离的脚步。

―To a Waterfowl‖ is written in iambic trimeter（抑扬三部格）and iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音部）, consisting of eight stanzas of four lines. The poem represents early stages of American Romanticism through celebration of Nature and God's presence within Nature.

Bryant is acknowledged as skillful at depicting American scenery but his natural details are often combined with a universal moral, as in "To a Waterfowl".

Just as God guides the waterfowl to its summer

home, so too He guides the speaker of the poem through life to his ultimate destination, heaven. In the end, one will be able to say about the speaker what the speaker says about the waterfowl: "the abyss of heaven / Hath swallowed up thy form" (lines 25-26). The poem is, in essence, a profession of faith in God.

To Helen ---- Edgar Allan Poe

Helen, thy beauty is to me

Like those Nicean barks of yore往昔，

That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,

The weary, way-worn wanderer bore

To his own native shore.

On desperate seas long wont to roam游荡,

Thy hyacinth风信子 hair, thy classic face,

Thy Naiad水仙女airs have brought me home

To the glory that was Greece,

And the grandeur that was Rome.

Lo! in you brilliant window-niche

How statue-like I see thee stand,

The agate玛瑙lamp within thy hand!

Ah, Psyche普塞克, from the regions which

Are Holy Land!

海伦，你的美貌于我，

有如往日尼西亚的三桅船，

在芬芳的海上悠然浮起，

把劳困而倦游的浪子载还，

回到他故国的港湾。

早已习惯于怒海上的飘荡，

你风信子似的秀发，

你闪烁着古典美的面庞，

你水精仙子般的呼吸引我还乡，

重见希腊的光荣与罗马的辉煌。

看！那明亮的窗龛中间，

我见你象一座神像站立，

玛瑙的亮灯擎在你手里，

哦！普赛克，你所来自的地方

原是那遥远的圣地！

The beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted when he was 14.Apparently she treated

him kindly and may have urged him or perhaps inspired him to write poetry.

Beauty,as Poe uses the word in the poem ,appears to refer to the woman’s body as well as her soul.

On the one hand ,he represents her as Helen of Troy—the quintessence（典范）of physical beauty-at the beginning of this poem.

On the other hand ,her represents her as Psyche –at the end of the poem.In Greek,Psyche means soul.

I felt a Funeral, in my Brain---Emily Dickinson

I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,

And Mourners to and fro

Kept treading--treading--till it seemed

That Sense was breaking through--

And when they all were seated,

A Service, like a Drum--

Kept beating--beating--till I thought

My Mind was going numb--

And then I heard them lift a Box

And creak across my Soul

With those same Boots of Lead, again, Then Space--began to toll,

As all the Heavens were a Bell,

And Being, but an Ear,

And I, and Silence, some strange Race Wrecked, solitary, here--

And then a Plank in Reason, broke, And I dropped down, and down--

And hit a World, at every plunge,

And finished knowing--then--

在腦中, 我感受到--葬禮,

哀悼者來來去去

不停地踩著,踩著,直到

意義像似快要有有所突破

當他們都坐定位後,

葬禮儀式, 像隻鼓

不停地敲打,敲打,直到

我心已麻木為止

然後我聽到他們抬起棺木

再次地,以那些同樣的鉛鞋

傾踩過我的靈魂

然後空間,開始響起喪鐘

所有的天堂就像個鈴鐺

存在, 就像是只耳朵

而我和靜默是某種奇怪的族類

翻覆於此, 孤單寂寞

然後理性的支架, 崩裂,

我掉落, 又掉落

猛然地撞到一個世界

然後豁然開朗透徹明白

The meter of the poem is in the classic ballad meter style of Dickinson, and gives the poem a grave tone. It adds to the message of the poem with it rhythmic tone similar to that of a funeral hymn.

I died for Beauty—but was scarce---Emily Dickinson

Adjusted in the tomb

When One who died for Truth, was lain

In an adjoining Room—

He questioned softly,”why I failed”? (Why I died) “For Beauty,”I replied—

“And I for Truth—Themselve are One (beauty and truth are one)

We Brethren, are,” he said—( we are brothers)

And so, as Kinsmen, met a Night—

We talked between the Rooms—

Until the moss(苔藓) had reached our lips—

And covered up—our names—

我为美死去，但是还不曾

安息在我的墓里，

又有个为真理而死去的人

来躺在我的隔壁。

他悄悄地问我为何以身殉？

―为了美，‖我说。

―而我为真理，两者不分家；

我们是兄弟两个。‖

于是象亲戚在夜间相遇，

我们便隔墙谈天，

直到青苔爬到了唇际，

将我们的名字遮掩。

The ultimate effect of this poem is to show that every aspect of human life--ideals, human feelings, identity itself--is erased by death. But by making the erasure gradual--something to be "adjusted" to in the tomb--and by portraying a speaker who is untroubled by her own grim state, Dickinson creates a scene that is, by turns, grotesque and compelling, frightening and comforting. It is one of her most singular statements about death, and like so many of Dickinson's poems, it has no parallels in the work of any other writer.

I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—Emily Dickinson

I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—

The Stillness in the Room

Was like the Stillness in the Air—

Between the Heaves of Storm—

The Eyes around—had wrung them dry—And Breaths were gathering firm

For that last Onset—when the King

Be witnessed—in the Room— (2)

I willed my Keepsakes—Signed away

What portion of me be

Assignable—and then it was

There interposed a Fly—

With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz—Between the light—and me—

And then the Windows failed—and then (3) I could not see to see—

我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声——当我死时

房间里，一片沉寂

就像空气突然平静下来——

在风暴的间隙

注视我的眼睛——泪水已经流尽—

我的呼吸正渐渐变紧

等待最后的时刻——上帝在房间里

现身的时刻——降临

我已经分掉了——关于我的

所有可以分掉的

东西——然后我就看见了

一只苍蝇——

蓝色的——微妙起伏的嗡嗡声

在我——和光——之间

然后窗户关闭——然后

我眼前漆黑一片——

Dickinson uses this technique to build tension; a sense of true completion comes only with the speaker's death. The uncertainty of the fly could be symbolic of the speaker's own unsure feelings about death.

Edwin Arlington Robinson埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊

The House on the Hill 山上的老屋

They are all gone away，他们都已离去，

The House is shut and still，只留下大门紧闭的老屋，There is nothing more to say. 冷冷清清，默默无语。

Through broken walls and gray断壁灰暗，往日的旧居，The winds blow bleak and shrill：凄厉的寒风吹拂，

They are all gone away. 他们都已离去。

Nor is there one to-day人迹渺茫，满目空虚，

To speak them good or ill：谁来把陈年是非讲述，

There is nothing more to say. 冷冷清清，默默无语。

Why is it then we stray我们为何踏着蹒跚的步履，

Around the sunken sill？围绕破败的门窗徘徊盼顾？

They are all gone away，他们都已离去。

And our poor fancy-play那梦幻般的嬉戏欢娱，

For them is wasted skill：太过久远，太过模糊，

There is nothing more to say. 冷冷清清，默默无语。

There is ruin and decay眼前唯有废墟，

In the House on the Hill：山上的这间老屋：

They are all gone away，他们都已离去，

There is nothing more to say. 冷冷清清，默默无语。

On a symbolic level, I am sure there can be many interpretations (and, perhaps, most are equally true, regardless of the poet's original intent). The house may represent a person; its location on a hill can represent both isolation and superiority. The house

being above its surroundings may suggest a "true" superiority, but it may also simply be that this symbolized person simply perceived him or herself to be superior.

Edwin Arlington Robinson埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊

Richard Cory 理查.珂利Whenever Richard Cory went down town,

每当理查.珂利走进闹市

We people on the pavement looked at him:

我们,街上的人,两眼瞪圆

He was a gentleman from sole to crown,

他从头到脚都是地道的绅士

Clean favored, and imperially slim.

潇洒纤瘦,风度翩翩

And he was always quietly arrayed,

他衣着永远淡雅素净,

And he was always human when he talked; 他谈吐永远文质彬彬,

But still he fluttered pulses when he said, 当他向人问好,人们不禁

"Good-morning," and he glittered when he walked. 怦然心动,他走路光彩照人

And he was rich - yes, richer than a king -

他有钱---有呵,富比王侯

And admirably schooled in every grace; 令人钦佩的读遍各种学问

In fine we thought that he was everything 总而言之,他是无所不有,

To make us wish that we were in his place.

谁都盼望有他的福份

So on we worked, and waited for the light,

我们苦干,等着福光降临

And went without the meat, and cursed the bread; 整月没肉吃,面包讨人嫌

And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,

而理查.珂利,在宁静的夏夜

Went home and put a bullet through his head.

回家朝自己脑袋放一颗子弹

In the poem Cory seems have everything, but he couldn’t find the ―light‖ in life. All―night‖ give him no hope ,no pursue ,finally only the cold bullet could accompany him. Form this point; we know that the

nature of human is spirit, emotion, not the money, or something in appearance.

The Road Not Taken --- Robert Frost

未选择的路罗伯特·弗罗斯特

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

黄色的树林里分出两条路

And sorry I could not travel both

可惜我不能同时去涉足

And be one traveler, long I stood

我在那路口久久伫立

And looked down one as far as I could

我向着一条路极目望去

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

直到它消失在丛林深处

Then took the other, as just as fair,

但我却选择了另外一条路

And having perhaps the better claim,

它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

显得更诱人，更美丽

Though as for that the passing there