《工程力学》作业2答案
《工程力学》作业2参考答案
说明：本次作业对应于文字教材第4章，应按相应教学进度完成。
一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共30分）
在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其代号填在题干后面的括号内。不选、错选或多选者，该题无分。
1．力法计算的基本未知量为（ D ）
A杆端弯矩
B结点角位移
C结点线位移
D多余未知力
2．超静定结构在荷载作用下产生的内力与刚度（B ）
A无关
B相对值有关
C绝对值有关
3
4
5．在力法方程的系数和自由项中（ B ）
D相对值绝对值都有关
8．力法典型方程中的自由项
iP
?是基本体系在荷载作用下产生的（C ）
C结点数D杆件数
11．力法的基本体系是（D ）
A一组单跨度超静定梁B瞬变体系
C可变体系D几何不变体系
12．撤去一单铰相当于去掉了多少个约束（C ）
A1个B3个C2个D4个
）
1．超静定次数一般不等于多余约束的个数。（╳）
2．力法计算的基本体系不能是可变体系。（√）
3．同一结构选不同的力法基本体系，所得到的力法方程代表的位移条件相同。（╳）
）╳）
））
8．对称结构在对称荷载作用下内力中弯矩、轴力是对称的，剪力是反对称的。
9．力法的基本体系是无多余约束的几何不变体系。
10．力法的基本方程使用的是位移协调条件；该方法只适用于解超静定结构。
四、计算题（共40分）
1．对下面图a所示的超静定结构，选图b所示的力法基本体系，要求
（1）列出力法典型方程；
M M M
解：（1）列出力法典型方程：
22221211212111=?++=?++P P x x x x δδδδ
（2）1M ，2M ，P M 图如下；
（3）求出各系数及自由项。（10分）
EI l 3211=δ EI
l 322=δ EI l 62112-==δδ EI
ql F 243
1-=? 02=?F
2．用力法计算图示刚架（求出系数及自由项列出方程即可）（10分）
1 1
x 2 基本体系 1M 图 x 2=1 2M 图 1 解：（1）图示刚架为两次超静定结构，选力法基本体系如图，
（2）列出力法典型方程：
22221211212111=?++=?++P P x x x x δδδδ 22.5m kN ?
（3）作1M ，2M ，P M 图，求出各系数及自由项。 M F 图
417.13
3
4.23311=+?=
δ
（3）列出力法典型方程：
22221211212111=?++=?++P P x x x x δδδδ （4）作P M ，1M ，2M 图，求出各系数及自由项。
EI l 3211=δ EI
l 322=δ EI l
62112-==δδ
EI
ql
F 2431-=? 02=?F
M M 4
1 =1 M F 图 m kN ?
（3）列出力法典型方程：01111=?+F x δ
(4) 作1M ， P M 图，求出各系数及自由项。 24 24
EI EI
45
34323321111=
??? ????+???=δ EI
EI F 360
30431-
=??-=? M 图（m kN ?)
(5)解方程得845
360
11
11==
?-
=δF
x kN 36 36 (6)用叠加法作弯矩图F M x M M +?=11
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