美赛：25142---数模英文论文
For office use only Team Control Number
For office use only 25142
T1 ________________F1 ________________
T2 ________________
Problem Chosen F2 ________________
T3 ________________F3 ________________
A
T4 ________________F4 ________________
2014
Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM/ICM) Summary Sheet
Freeway Traffic Model Based on Cellular
Automata and Monte-Carlo Method
Summary
Based on Cellular Automata and Monte-Carlo method, we build a model to discuss the influence of the “Keep right except to pass” rule. First we break down the process of vehicle movement and establish corresponding sub-models, inflow model for car-generation, vehicle-following model for one vehicle following another, and overtaking model for one vehicle passing another.
Then we design rules to simulate the movement of vehicles in sub-models. We further discuss rules for our model to adapt to the keep-right situation, the unrestricted situation, and the situation where transportation is controlled by intelligent system. We also design a formula to evaluate the danger index of the road.
We simulate the traffic on two-lane freeway (two lanes per direction, four lanes in total), and three-lane freeway (three lanes per direction, six lanes in total) via computer and analyze the data. We record the average velocity, overtaking rate, road density and danger index and assess the performance of the keep-right rule by comparison with the unrestricted rule. We vary the upper speed limitations to analyze the sensitivity of the model and see the impacts of different upper speed limits. Left-hand traffic is also discussed.
Based on our analysis, we come up with a new rule combining the two existing rules (the keep-right rule and the unrestricted rule) for an intelligent system to achieve better performance.
Team # 25142Page 2 of 34
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 The Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Design of Cellular Automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Inflow Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Vehicle-Following Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Overtaking Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4.1 Overtaking Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4.2 Overtaking Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.4.3 Danger Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.5 Two Sets of Rules for CA Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5.1 Keep Right Except to Pass Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5.2 Unrestricted Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Supplementary Analysis on the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1 Design of the Acceleration and Deceleration Probability Distribu-
tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 Design to Avoid Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4 Model Implementation with Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 Data Analysis and Model Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1 Average Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Team # 25142Page 3 of 34
5.2 Average Velocity of Fast Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.4 Overtaking Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.5 Danger Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6 Sensitivity Evaluation of the Model under Different Speed Limitations 20
7 Driving on the Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8 Transportation under Intelligent System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.1 New Rule for Intelligent System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.2 Adaption of the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.3 Result of Intelligent System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10 Strengths and Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
10.1 Strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
10.2 Weakness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Team # 25142Page 4 of 34 1Introduction
Today, about 65% of the world’s population live in countries with right-hand traffic and 35% in countries with left-hand traffic. [worldstandards.eu,2013] In countries with right-hand traffic, like USA and China, regulations request driv-ing and walking keep to the right side of the road. Multi-lane freeways in these countries often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane. This rule on driving and overtaking is referred to as the ”Keep right except to pass” rule, or the keep-right rule in our paper. The rule in countries with left-hand traffic is exactly mirror symmetrical to the keep-r ight rule(”Keep left except to pass”). So, what’s the purpose of applying such a rule? Does the keep-right rule ameliorate the freeway traffic condition? Transportation free of the restriction of the keep-right rule (Vehicles can choose either side for overtaking.) is referred to as obeying the unrestricted rule. How does the keep-right rule perform comparing with the unrestricted rule?
Based on the Cellular Automata model and the Monte Carlo algorithm, we establish a model to simulate freeway traffic under different conditions (under the keep-right rule or the unrestricted rule, in light traffic or in heavy traffic, 2-lane or 3-lane per direction). Our model is divided into 3 sub-models the in-flow model, the vehicle-following model and the overtaking model. The inflow model employs the Poisson probability distribution for the simulation of the vehicle-generation process. The vehicle-following model introduces a special probability distribution model which makes the simulation of the process of a car following another more realistic. The overtaking model simulates the over-taking behavior and defines the danger index to evaluate the safety risk of a certain freeway. We also build an extended model for transportation under the control of an intelligent system.
We implement the model in MATLAB, and obtain sufficient data. We test the average velocity, the density, the overtaking rate and the danger index, analyze their properties and assess the performance of the keep-right rule by comparison with the unrestricted rule. In addition, we analyze the sensitivity of our model under different speed limits. It turns out that our model is robust.
Then we come to our conclusions which consist with common sense. We also put forward a new rule for transportation under the control of an intelligent system.
Team # 25142Page 5 of 34
Table 1: Notation
Symbol Meaning
V current velocity of the vehicle
V m maximum velocity of the vehicle
V l the upper speed limit of the freeway
V
0the velocity before overtaking
V1the velocity in the overtaking process
G the distance between a vehicle and the vehicle ahead of it
G s the minimum gap required for safety consideration
G0the minimum gap after the vehicle stops
T
r PIEV time(human reaction time)
P o the overtaking probability
P
a the acceleration probability
P
b the deceleration probability
f the frictional force when braking
d danger index in on
e overtaking event
D danger index of the road system
athe acceleration during overtaking
a
p the component parallel to the lane of acceleration during overtaking a
d th
e available deceleration
1.1Terminology
Two-lane road: Two lanes on right-half of the road, four lanes in total.
Three-lane road: Three lanes on right-half of the road, six lanes in total.
Danger index: An index designed in our paper to evaluate the danger of the road system.
Minimum safety gap: The distance between two vehicles that deemed
safe enough in our model.
Keep-right rule:Keep right except to pass rule.
Unrestricted rule:Vehicles are not restricted and can overtake others
from either side.
Free-driving style:When there is no vehicles nearby, drivers will not accel-erate or decelerate deliberately,but the speed will still fluctuate slightly.
1.2Assumptions
The road is straight and there is no bypass.
数学建模比赛论文格式要求
比赛论文格式要求： 1、论文用白色A4纸打印，上下左右各留出2.5厘米的页边距。 2、论文第一页为泉州师范学院大学生数学建模竞赛承诺书，具体内容和格式见附件1，参赛队必须在竞赛承诺书上签名。 3、论文题目和摘要写在论文第二页上，从第三页开始是论文正文。 4、论文从第二页开始编写页码，页码必须位于每页页脚中部，用阿拉伯数字从“1”开始连续编号。 5、论文不能有页眉，论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。 6、论文题目用3号黑体字、一级标题用4号黑体字，并居中。论文中其他汉字一律采用小4号黑色宋体字，行距用单倍行距。图形应绘制在文中相应的位置，比例适当。 7、提醒大家注意：摘要在整篇论文评阅中占有重要权重，请认真书写摘要（最好在300字以内，注意篇幅不能超过一页）。评阅时将首先根据摘要和论文整体结构及概貌对论文优劣进行初步筛选。 8、引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料 (包括网上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中均明确列出。正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号，如[1][3]等；引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出：（1）参考书籍的表述方式为： [编号] 作者，书名，出版地，出版社，出版年。 （2）参考期刊杂志论文的表述方式为： [编号] 作者，论文名，杂志名，卷期号，起止页码，出版年。 （3）参考网上查到的资料的表达方式： [编号] 作者，资源标题，网址，访问时间（年月日）。 比赛流程： 参赛队伍利用2013.5.11到2013.5.13三天的时间利用所学的知识解决实际问题，由老师根据参赛队伍提交的论文，根据评奖标准评选出一等奖、二等奖、三等奖，评出的优秀队伍将送去参加全国性的比赛。注意：比赛规则与赛场纪律： 1、每个参赛队队员不得超过三名，参赛队队员应是具有泉州师范学院正式学籍的本、专科生，参赛队允许参赛队员跨年级跨专业跨学院组成，三人之间分工明确、协作完成。比赛期间参赛队不得任意换人，若有参赛队队员因特殊原因退出，则缺人比赛。 2、教师可以从事赛前辅导及有关组织工作，但在比赛期间不得以任何形式对参赛队员进行指导或参与讨论。 3、比赛以相对集中的形式进行，比赛期间，参赛队队员可以利
当我谈数学建模时我谈些什么——美赛一等奖经验总结
前言：2012年3月28号晚，我知道了美赛成绩，一等奖（Meritorious Winner），没有太多的喜悦，只是感觉释怀，一年以来的努力总算有了回报。从国赛遗憾丢掉国奖，到美赛一等，这一路走来太多的不易，感谢我的家人、队友以及朋友的支持，没有你们，我无以为继。这篇文章在美赛结束后就已经写好了，算是对自己建模心得体会的一个总结。现在成绩尘埃落定，我也有足够的自信把它贴出来，希望能够帮到各位对数模感兴趣的同学。 欢迎大家批评指正，欢迎与我交流，这样我们才都能进步。 个人背景：我2010年入学，所在的学校是广东省一所普通大学，今年大二，学工商管理专业，没学过编程。 学校组织参加过几届美赛，之前唯一的一个一等奖是三年前拿到的，那一队的主力师兄凭借这一奖项去了北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校，学运筹学。今年再次拿到一等奖，我创了两个校记录：一是第一个在大二拿到数模美赛一等奖，二是第一个在文科专业拿数模美赛一等奖。我的数模历程如下： 2011.4 校内赛三等奖 2011.8 通过选拔参加暑期国赛培训（学校之前不允许大一学生参加） 2011.9 国赛广东省二等奖 2011.11 电工杯三等奖 2012.2 美赛一等奖（Meritorious Winner） 动机：我参加数学建模的动机比较单纯，完全是出于兴趣。我的专业是工商管理，没有学过编程，觉得没必要学。我所感兴趣的是模型本身，它的思想，它的内涵，它的发展过程、它的适用问题等等。我希望通过学习模型，能够更好的去理解一些现象，了解其中蕴含的数学机理。数学模型中包含着一种简洁的哲学，深刻而迷人。 当然获得荣誉方面的动机可定也有，谁不想拿奖呢？ 模型：数学模型的功能大致有三种：评价、优化、预测。几乎所有模型都是围绕这三种功能来做的。比如，今年美赛A题树叶分类属于评价模型，B题漂流露营安排则属于优化模型。对于不同功能的模型有不同的方法，例如评价模型方法有层次分析、模糊综合评价、熵值法等；优化模型方法有启发式算法（模拟退火、遗传算法等）、仿真方法（蒙特卡洛、元胞自动机等）；预测模型方法有灰色预测、神经网络、马尔科夫链等。在数学中国网站上有许多关于这些方法的相关介绍与文献。 关于模型软件与书籍，这方面的文章很多，这里只做简单介绍。关于软件这三款已经足够：Matlab、SPSS、Lingo，学好一个即可（我只会用SPSS，另外两个队友会）。书籍方面，推荐三本，一本入门，一本进级，一本参考，这三本足够： 《数学模型》姜启源谢金星叶俊高等教育出版社 《数学建模方法与分析》Mark M. Meerschaert 机械工业出版社 《数学建模算法与程序》司守奎国防工业出版社 入门的《数学模型》看一遍即可，对数学模型有一个初步的认识与把握，国赛前看完这本再练习几篇文章就差不多了。另外，关于入门，韩中庚的《数学建模方法及其应用》也是不错的，两本书选一本阅读即可。如果参加美赛的话，进级的《数学建模方法与分析》要仔细研究，这本书写的非常好，可以算是所有数模书籍中最好的了，没有之一，建议大家去买一本。这本书中开篇指出的最优化模型五步方法非常不错，后面的方法介绍的动态模型与概率模型也非常到位。参考书目《数学建模算法与程序》详细的介绍了多种建模方法，适合用来理解
数学建模美赛o奖论文
For office use only T1________________ T2________________ T3________________ T4________________ Team Control Number 55069 Problem Chosen A For office use only F1________________ F2________________ F3________________ F4________________ 2017 MCM/ICM Summary Sheet The Rehabilitation of the Kariba Dam Recently, the Institute of Risk Management of South Africa has just warned that the Kariba dam is in desperate need of rehabilitation, otherwise the whole dam would collapse, putting 3.5 million people at risk. Aimed to look for the best strategy with the three options listed to maintain the dam, we employ AHP model to filter factors and determine two most influential criteria, including potential costs and benefits. With the weight of each criterion worked out, our model demonstrates that option 3is the optimal choice. According to our choice, we are required to offer the recommendation as to the number and placement of the new dams. Regarding it as a set covering problem, we develop a multi-objective optimization model to minimize the number of smaller dams while improving the water resources management capacity. Applying TOPSIS evaluation method to get the demand of the electricity and water, we solve this problem with genetic algorithm and get an approximate optimal solution with 12 smaller dams and determine the location of them. Taking the strategy for modulating the water flow into account, we construct a joint operation of dam system to simulate the relationship among the smaller dams with genetic algorithm approach. We define four kinds of year based on the Kariba’s climate data of climate, namely, normal flow year, low flow year, high flow year and differential year. Finally, these statistics could help us simulate the water flow of each month in one year, then we obtain the water resources planning and modulating strategy. The sensitivity analysis of our model has pointed out that small alteration in our constraints (including removing an important city of the countries and changing the measurement of the economic development index etc.) affects the location of some of our dams slightly while the number of dams remains the same. Also we find that the output coefficient is not an important factor for joint operation of the dam system, for the reason that the discharge index and the capacity index would not change a lot with the output coefficient changing.
数学建模美赛2012MCM B论文
Camping along the Big Long River Summary In this paper, the problem that allows more parties entering recreation system is investigated. In order to let park managers have better arrangements on camping for parties, the problem is divided into four sections to consider. The first section is the description of the process for single-party's rafting. That is, formulating a Status Transfer Equation of a party based on the state of the arriving time at any campsite. Furthermore, we analyze the encounter situations between two parties. Next we build up a simulation model according to the analysis above. Setting that there are recreation sites though the river, count the encounter times when a new party enters this recreation system, and judge whether there exists campsites available for them to station. If the times of encounter between parties are small and the campsite is available, the managers give them a good schedule and permit their rafting, or else, putting off the small interval time t until the party satisfies the conditions. Then solve the problem by the method of computer simulation. We imitate the whole process of rafting for every party, and obtain different numbers of parties, every party's schedule arrangement, travelling time, numbers of every campsite's usage, ratio of these two kinds of rafting boats, and time intervals between two parties' starting time under various numbers of campsites after several times of simulation. Hence, explore the changing law between the numbers of parties (X) and the numbers of campsites (Y) that X ascends rapidly in the first period followed by Y's increasing and the curve tends to be steady and finally looks like a S curve. In the end of our paper, we make sensitive analysis by changing parameters of simulation and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of our model, and write a memo to river managers on the arrangements of rafting. Key words: Camping；Computer Simulation; Status Transfer Equation
数学建模论文格式官方要求
二、论文格式规范 (一)“论文首页”编写 竞赛论文首页为“编号页”，只包含队号、队员姓名、学校名信息，第二页起为摘要页和正文页。参赛队有关信息不得出现于首页以外的任何一页，包括摘要页，否则视为违规。 (二)“论文摘要页”编写 竞赛使用“统一摘要面”。为了保证评审质量，提请参赛研究生注意摘要一定要将论文创新点、主要想法、做法、结果、分析结论表达清楚，如果一页纸不够，摘要可以写成两页。
(三)“论文文本”要求————“全国研究生数学建模竞赛论文 格式规范” ●每个参赛队可以从A、B、C、D、E题中任选一题完成论文。（赛题类型以 比赛下载为准） ●论文用白色A4版面；上下左右各留出至少2.5厘米的页边距;从左侧装订。 ●论文题目和摘要写在论文封面上，封面页的下一页开始论文正文。 ●论文从编号页开始编写页码，页码必须位于每页页脚中部，用阿拉伯数字从 “1 ”开始连续编号。 ●论文不能有页眉，论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。 ●论文题目用三号黑体字、一级标题用四号黑体字，并居中。论文中其他汉字 一律采用小四号宋体字，行距用单倍行距。程序执行文件，和源程序一起附在电子版论文中以备检查。 ●请大家注意：摘要应该是一份简明扼要的详细摘要（包括关键词），请认真 书写（注意篇幅一般不超过两页，且无需译成英文）。全国评阅时对摘要和论文都会审阅。 ●引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上甚至在“博客”上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。 正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号，如[1][3]等；引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出，其中书籍的表述方式为：[编号] 作者，书名，出版地：出版社，出版年。 参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为： [编号] 作者，论文名，杂志名，卷期号：起止页码，出版年。 参考文献中网上资源的表述方式为： [编号] 作者，资源标题，网址，访问时间（年月日）。 全国研究生数学建模竞赛评审委员会 2011年9月20日修订
数学建模国家一等奖优秀论文
２01４高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛 承诺书 我们仔细阅读了《全国大学生数学建模竞赛章程》和《全国大学生数学建模竞赛参赛规则》(以下简称为“竞赛章程和参赛规则”，可从全国大学生数学建模竞赛网站下载)。 我们完全明白,在竞赛开始后参赛队员不能以任何方式(包括电话、电子邮件、网上咨询等）与队外的任何人（包括指导教师)研究、讨论与赛题有关的问题。 我们知道，抄袭别人的成果是违反竞赛章程和参赛规则的，如果引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料),必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。 我们郑重承诺，严格遵守竞赛章程和参赛规则，以保证竞赛的公正、公平性。如有违反竞赛章程和参赛规则的行为,我们将受到严肃处理。 我们授权全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会，可将我们的论文以任何形式进行公开展示(包括进行网上公示，在书籍、期刊和其他媒体进行正式或非正式发表等)。 我们参赛选择的题号是(从Ａ/B/C/Ｄ中选择一项填写)：B 我们的报名参赛队号为（8位数字组成的编号）: 所属学校（请填写完整的全名)： 参赛队员(打印并签名) :1. 2． 3．
指导教师或指导教师组负责人(打印并签名): ?（论文纸质版与电子版中的以上信息必须一致,只是电子版中无需签名。以上内容请仔细核对，提交后将不再允许做任何修改。如填写错误，论文可能被取消评奖资格。) 日期： 20１4 年 9 月15日 赛区评阅编号(由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号）:
２０14高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛 编号专用页 赛区评阅编号（由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号）：赛区评阅记录(可供赛区评阅时使用）：
2014年数学建模美赛题目原文及翻译
2014年数学建模美赛题目原文及翻译 作者：Ternence Zhang 转载注明出处：https://www.360docs.net/doc/a05091421.html,/zhangtengyuan23 MCM原题PDF： https://www.360docs.net/doc/a05091421.html,/detail/zhangty0223/6901271 PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule In countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane. Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be
美赛数学建模比赛论文模板
The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule Summary As for the first question, it provides a traffic rule of keep right except to pass, requiring us to verify its effectiveness. Firstly, we define one kind of traffic rule different from the rule of the keep right in order to solve the problem clearly; then, we build a Cellular automaton model and a Nasch model by collecting massive data; next, we make full use of the numerical simulation according to several influence factors of traffic flow; At last, by lots of analysis of graph we obtain, we indicate a conclusion as follow: when vehicle density is lower than 0.15, the rule of lane speed control is more effective in terms of the factor of safe in the light traffic; when vehicle density is greater than 0.15, so the rule of keep right except passing is more effective In the heavy traffic. As for the second question, it requires us to testify that whether the conclusion we obtain in the first question is the same apply to the keep left rule. First of all, we build a stochastic multi-lane traffic model; from the view of the vehicle flow stress, we propose that the probability of moving to the right is 0.7and to the left otherwise by making full use of the Bernoulli process from the view of the ping-pong effect, the conclusion is that the choice of the changing lane is random. On the whole, the fundamental reason is the formation of the driving habit, so the conclusion is effective under the rule of keep left. As for the third question, it requires us to demonstrate the effectiveness of the result advised in the first question under the intelligent vehicle control system. Firstly, taking the speed limits into consideration, we build a microscopic traffic simulator model for traffic simulation purposes. Then, we implement a METANET model for prediction state with the use of the MPC traffic controller. Afterwards, we certify that the dynamic speed control measure can improve the traffic flow . Lastly neglecting the safe factor, combining the rule of keep right with the rule of dynamical speed control is the best solution to accelerate the traffic flow overall. Key words：Cellular automaton model Bernoulli process Microscopic traffic simulator model The MPC traffic control
全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范.doc
全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范 （全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会，2019年修订稿） 为了保证竞赛的公平、公正性，便于竞赛活动的标准化管理，根据评阅工作的实际需要，竞赛要求参赛队分别提交纸质版和电子版论文，特制定本规范。 一、纸质版论文格式规范 第一条，论文用白色A4纸打印(单面、双面均可)；上下左右各留出至少2.5厘米的页边距；从左侧装订。 第二条，论文第一页为承诺书，第二页为编号专用页，具体内容见本规范第3、4页。 第三条，论文第三页为摘要专用页（含标题和关键词，但不需要翻译成英文），从此页开始编写页码；页码必须位于每页页脚中部，用阿拉伯数字从“1”开始连续编号。摘要专用页必须单独一页，且篇幅不能超过一页。 第四条，从第四页开始是论文正文（不要目录，尽量控制在20页以内）；正文之后是论文附录（页数不限）。 第五条，论文附录至少应包括参赛论文的所有源程序代码，如实际使用的软件名称、命令和编写的全部可运行的源程序（含EXCEL、SPSS等软件的交互命令）；通常还应包括自主查阅使用的数据等资料。赛题中提供的数据不要放在附录。如果缺少必要的源程序或程序不能运行（或者运行结果与正文不符），可能会被取消评奖资格。论文附录必须打印装订在论文纸质版中。如果确实没有源程序，也应在论文附录中明确说明“本论文没有源程序”。 第六条，论文正文和附录不能有任何可能显示答题人身份和所在学校及赛区的信息。 第七条，引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上资料)必须按照科技论文写作的规范格式列出参考文献，并在正文引用处予以标注。 第八条，本规范中未作规定的，如排版格式（字号、字体、行距、颜色等）不做统一要求，可由赛区自行决定。在不违反本规范的前提下，各赛区可以对论文增加其他要求。 二、电子版论文格式规范 第九条，参赛队应按照《全国大学生数学建模竞赛报名和参赛须知》的要求提交以
数学建模国赛一等奖论文
电力市场输电阻塞管理模型 摘要 本文通过设计合理的阻塞费用计算规则，建立了电力市场的输电阻塞管理模型。 通过对各机组出力方案实验数据的分析，用最小二乘法进行拟合，得到了各线路上有功潮流关于各发电机组出力的近似表达式。按照电力市场规则，确定各机组的出力分配预案。如果执行该预案会发生输电阻塞，则调整方案，并对引起的部分序内容量和序外容量的收益损失，设计了阻塞费用计算规则。 通过引入危险因子来反映输电线路的安全性，根据安全且经济的原则，把输电阻塞管理问题归结为：以求解阻塞费用和危险因子最小值为目标的双目标规划问题。采用“两步走”的策略，把双目标规划转化为两次单目标规划：首先以危险因子为目标函数，得到其最小值；然后以其最小值为约束，找出使阻塞管理费用最小的机组出力分配方案。 当预报负荷为982.4MW时，分配预案的清算价为303元/MWh，购电成本为74416.8元，此时发生输电阻塞，经过调整后可以消除，阻塞费用为3264元。 当预报负荷为1052.8MW时，分配预案的清算价为356元/MWh，购电成本为93699.2元，此时发生输电阻塞，经过调整后可以使用线路的安全裕度输电，阻塞费用为1437.5元。 最后，本文分析了各线路的潮流限值调整对最大负荷的影响，据此给电网公司提出了建议；并提出了模型的改进方案。
一、问题的重述 我国电力系统的市场化改革正在积极、稳步地进行，随着用电紧张的缓解，电力市场化将进入新一轮的发展，这给有关产业和研究部门带来了可预期的机遇和挑战。 电网公司在组织电力的交易、调度和配送时，必须遵循电网“安全第一”的原则，同时按照购电费用最小的经济目标，制订如下电力市场交易规则： 1、以15分钟为一个时段组织交易，每台机组在当前时段开始时刻前给出下一个时段的报价。各机组将可用出力由低到高分成至多10段报价，每个段的长度称为段容量，每个段容量报一个段价，段价按段序数单调不减。 2、在当前时段内，市场交易-调度中心根据下一个时段的负荷预报、每台机组的报价、当前出力和出力改变速率，按段价从低到高选取各机组的段容量或其部分，直到它们之和等于预报的负荷，这时每个机组被选入的段容量或其部分之和形成该时段该机组的出力分配预案。最后一个被选入的段价称为该时段的清算价，该时段全部机组的所有出力均按清算价结算。 电网上的每条线路上有功潮流的绝对值有一安全限值，限值还具有一定的相对安全裕度。如果各机组出力分配方案使某条线路上的有功潮流的绝对值超出限值，称为输电阻塞。当发生输电阻塞时，需要按照以下原则进行调整： 1、调整各机组出力分配方案使得输电阻塞消除； 2、如果1做不到，可以使用线路的安全裕度输电，以避免拉闸限电，但要使每条 线路上潮流的绝对值超过限值的百分比尽量小； 3、如果无论怎样分配机组出力都无法使每条线路上的潮流绝对值超过限值的百分 比小于相对安全裕度，则必须在用电侧拉闸限电。 调整分配预案后，一些通过竞价取得发电权的发电容量不能出力；而一些在竞价中未取得发电权的发电容量要在低于对应报价的清算价上出力。因此，发电商和网方将产生经济利益冲突。网方应该为因输电阻塞而不能执行初始交易结果付出代价，网方在结算时应该适当地给发电商以经济补偿，由此引起的费用称之为阻塞费用。网方在电网安全运行的保证下应当同时考虑尽量减少阻塞费用。 现在需要完成的工作如下： 1、某电网有8台发电机组，6条主要线路，附件1中表1和表2的方案0给出了各机组的当前出力和各线路上对应的有功潮流值，方案1~32给出了围绕方案0的一些实验数据，试用这些数据确定各线路上有功潮流关于各发电机组出力的近似表达式。 2、设计一种简明、合理的阻塞费用计算规则，除考虑电力市场规则外，还需注意：在输电阻塞发生时公平地对待序内容量不能出力的部分和报价高于清算价的序外容量出力的部分。 3、假设下一个时段预报的负荷需求是982.4MW，附件1中的表3、表4和表5分别给出了各机组的段容量、段价和爬坡速率的数据，试按照电力市场规则给出下一个时段各机组的出力分配预案。 4、按照表6给出的潮流限值，检查得到的出力分配预案是否会引起输电阻塞，并在发生输电阻塞时，根据安全且经济的原则，调整各机组出力分配方案，并给出与该方案相应的阻塞费用。 5、假设下一个时段预报的负荷需求是1052.8MW，重复3~4的工作。 二、问题的分析
数学建模美赛题目及翻译
PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule In countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane. Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important. In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirements
美赛：13215---数模英文论文
Team Control Number For office use only 13215 For office use only T1 ________________ F1 ________________ T2 ________________ F2 ________________ T3 ________________ Problem Chosen F3 ________________ T4 ________________ F4 ________________ C 2012 Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) Summary Sheet (Attach a copy of this page to each copy of your solution paper.) Type a summary of your results on this page. Do not include the name of your school, advisor, or team members on this page. Message Network Modeling for Crime Busting Abstract A particularly popular and challenging problem in crime analysis is to identify the conspirators through analysis of message networks. In this paper, using the data of message traffic, we model to prioritize the likelihood of one’s being conspirator, and nominate the probable conspiracy leaders. We note a fact that any conspirator has at least one message communication with other conspirators, and assume that sending or receiving a message has the same effect, and then develop Model 1, 2 and 3 to make a priority list respectively and Model 4 to nominate the conspiracy leader. In Model 1, we take the amount of one’s suspicious messages and one’s all messages with known conspirators into account, and define a simple composite index to measure the likelihood of one’s being conspirator. Then, considering probability relevance of all nodes, we develop Model 2 based on Law of Total Probability . In this model, probability of one’s being conspirator is the weight sum of probabilities of others directly linking to it. And we develop Algorithm 1 to calculate probabilities of all the network nodes as direct calculation is infeasible. Besides, in order to better quantify one’s relationship to the known conspirators, we develop Model 3, which brings in the concept “shortest path” of graph theory to create an indicator evaluating the likelihood of one’s being conspirator which can be calculated through Algorithm 2. As a result, we compare three priority lists and conclude that the overall rankings are similar but quite changes appear in some nodes. Additionally, when altering the given information, we find that the priority list just changes slightly except for a few nodes, so that we validate the models’ stability. Afterwards, by using Freeman’s centrality method, we develop Model 4 to nominate three most probable leaders: Paul, Elsie, Dolores (senior manager). What’s more, we make some remarks about the models and discuss what could be done to enhance them in the future work. In addition, we further explain Investigation EZ through text and semantic network analysis, so to illustrate the models’ capacity of applying to more complicated cases. Finally, we briefly state the application of our models in other disciplines.
全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范
全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范 ●本科组参赛队从A、B题中任选一题，专科组参赛队从C、D题中任选一题。（全国 评奖时，每个组别一、二等奖的总名额按每道题参赛队数的比例分配；但全国一等奖名额的一半将平均分配给本组别的每道题，另一半按每道题参赛队比例分配。） ●论文用白色A4纸单面打印；上下左右各留出至少2.5厘米的页边距；从左侧装订。 ●论文第一页为承诺书，具体内容和格式见本规范第二页。 ●论文第二页为编号专用页，用于赛区和全国评阅前后对论文进行编号，具体内容和 格式见本规范第三页。 ●论文题目、摘要和关键词写在论文第三页上，从第四页开始是论文正文，不要目录。 ●论文从第三页开始编写页码，页码必须位于每页页脚中部，用阿拉伯数字从“1”开 始连续编号。 ●论文不能有页眉，论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。 ●论文题目用三号黑体字、一级标题用四号黑体字，并居中；二级、三级标题用小四 号黑体字，左端对齐（不居中）。论文中其他汉字一律采用小四号宋体字，行距用单倍行距。打印文字内容时，应尽量避免彩色打印（必要的彩色图形、图表除外）。 ●提请大家注意：摘要应该是一份简明扼要的详细摘要（包括关键词），在整篇论文 评阅中占有重要权重，请认真书写（注意篇幅不能超过一页，且无需译成英文）。 全国评阅时将首先根据摘要和论文整体结构及概貌对论文优劣进行初步筛选。 ●论文应该思路清晰，表达简洁（正文尽量控制在20页以内，附录页数不限）。 ●在论文纸质版附录中，应给出参赛者实际使用的软件名称、命令和编写的全部计算 机源程序（若有的话）。同时，所有源程序文件必须放入论文电子版中备查。论文及程序电子版压缩在一个文件中，一般不要超过20MB，且应与纸质版同时提交。 ●引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文 献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中均明确列出。正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号，如[1][3]等；引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出，其中书籍的表述方式为： ●[编号] 作者，书名，出版地：出版社，出版年。 ●参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为： ●[编号] 作者，论文名，杂志名，卷期号：起止页码，出版年。 ●参考文献中网上资源的表述方式为： ●[编号] 作者，资源标题，网址，访问时间（年月日）。 ●在不违反本规范的前提下，各赛区可以对论文增加其他要求（如在本规范要求的第 一页前增加其他页和其他信息，或在论文的最后增加空白页等）；从承诺书开始到论文正文结束前，各赛区不得有本规范外的其他要求（否则一律无效）。 ●本规范的解释权属于全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会。