高考英语语法专项提升训练：动词和动词短语
动词和动词短语
动词词义辨析
1．(2013·新课标卷Ⅰ)Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A．check B．allow
C．stop D．help
解析：句意为：自己能控制得住就尽量不要咳嗽，因为它会给你的肺带来问题。本题考查动词辨析。check检查；allow允许；stop阻止；can help sth.忍住做某事。根据句意可知答案为D项。
答案： D
2．(2013·浙江卷)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________it with important points.
A．conclude B．lead
C．avoid D．hold
解析：句意为：当小组讨论接近尾声的时候，一定要用要点来结束讨论。本题考查动词词义辨析。A.结束，符合句意。B.领导，导致；C.避免；D.抓住，均不符合句意，故选A项。
答案： A
3．(2013·福建卷)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which________spending quite a lot of time with students.
A．enjoys B．involves
C．practices D．suggests
解析：句意为：Michelle找到了一份中学教师的工作，这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。本题考查动词辨析。A.喜欢；B.包括，涉及；C.练习；D.建议。B项符合句意。
答案： B
动词短语辨析
4．(2013·浙江卷)Bears________fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up
C．bring up D．take up
解析：句意为：熊在夏天和秋天积累脂肪，以便有足够的能量使它们度过冬眠。本题考查动词词组辨析。pack up打包，收起来；build up逐渐积累；bring up养育，提出，呕吐；take up开始从事，把……继续下去，占据。
答案： B
5．(2013·福建卷)Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks________in disasters.
A．turn down B．turn out
C．break down D．break out
解析：句意为：在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。本题考查动词短语辨析。A.拒绝，关小(声音)；B.结果是；C.出故障；D.爆发(战争，打斗等)。
答案： C
6．(2013·辽宁卷)Briggs will________as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A．get away B．take over
C．set off D．run out
解析：句意为：Mitchell退休之后，Briggs将接任总经理的职位。考查动词短语辨析。take over 接收，接管，接任；get away逃脱，离开；set off出发，动身，使爆炸；run out用尽，过期。
答案： B
1．动词(短语)辨析类题目的解题关键是：首先要明确题干中英语句子的意思，其次必须全面、深刻地把握备选答案中动词(短语)的意义。
2．不同动词与不同的副词或介词连用构成的短语在意义上差别很大，是高考试题中的易错点，而且在高考试题中频繁出现。
3．有些相同动词与不同介词或副词构成的短语，较难区分，这就要求我们既要充分理解语境，又要掌握短语多种含义。
一、高考常考的几组动词词义辨析
1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy
He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。
2．adapt，adjust，adopt，attach
population.
根据专家的建议，中国需要调整计划生育政策来应对人口老龄化问题。
Parents attach much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
父母都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。
3．link，relate，connect，combine
—I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two combined.
——在当今时代，妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。
——我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。
The government was planning a new railway connecting Beijing and Shanghai.
政府当时正在规划一条连接北京和上海的新铁路。
二、常见动词短语搭配
1．agree
agree with sb./one’s idea/what sb.says
同意某人的看法/某人的观点/某人所说的
agree to a proposal/plan/suggestion...
同意某个计划/建议……
agree on＋表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词，表示就某事看法一致。
You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose.
你气色很好。我想，三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。
2．break
break away from脱离
break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉
break into闯入，破门而入
break out(战争)爆发
break in破门而入
break off打断；中断
break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止
(2012·陕西高考)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air conditioning system broke down.他需要不时停下来擦额头的汗，因为空调坏了。
On hearing the news，the president broke off his visit to Australia and returned home immediately.听到这个消息，总统立刻中断了对澳大利亚的访问，回到了本国。
3．bring
bring about引起bring up养育，呕吐
bring down使倒下，降低bring in吸引，赚
bring back使回忆起，重新使用
(2011·湖北高考)The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格，以保持市场稳定。
4．call
call for需要，邀请call on/at号召；访问
call in召集；召来call up召唤，召集；打电话
call off取消
The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.
孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。
5．come
come about发生come across偶遇
come along跟随come to共计，达到，苏醒
come true变为现实come up走上前，被提出
come up with提出come into being形成
come into use投入使用
(2011·安徽高考)If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。
(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight？今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？
6．get
get along/on (with)进展，相处
get away (from)逃离(某地)，度假
get down to开始认真注意(或对待)某事(to为介词)
get off下车，起飞，脱下get up(使)起床，站起
get across被理解get hold of抓住
get through到达，用完，通过，度过，打通(电话)
(2013·天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to get away.
我本希望今年去度假，但没能去。
(2013·江苏高考)Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服本能的欲望以避免犯错误带来的尴尬。
7．give
give up放弃give in屈服
give out用尽；分发give back归还；使恢复
give away泄露；赠送；颁发give off发出
He said he wasn’t disappointed at the result of the final exam，but the look on his face gave himself away.
他说他对期末的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。
8．go
go against违反，违背
go over复习，重温，仔细检查，审阅
go by走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去
go out熄灭，出去，外出
go without忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付
go through通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查
I always start the day by going through my email.
我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。
9．hold
hold back隐瞒，控制(情感)hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑
hold up使……耽搁hold on坚持；别挂(电话)
hold together团结一致hold on to保留，抓住不放
I’d hold on to that house for the time being；house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。
10．look
look back on...回顾……，回忆……
look on旁观，观望
look into...往……里面看，浏览，调查，研究
look out留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防
look through看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习
look up仰视，往上看，(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查询
The authorities will look into the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it.
官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论。
11．make
make the best of充分利用make up for 补偿，弥补
make out 辨认出make fun of 取笑
make up one’s mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通
make good/full use of...充分利用……
make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足
The boy is working harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.
为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。
12．put
put aside 把……放在一边put away 把……收好
put down 扑灭，平息put forward 提出
put off 延期；推诿put out 扑灭；生产
put up with 忍受，容忍
put up 挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿
Why do we have to put up with Susan’s selfish behavior？We have to teach her to care for other.
为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。
(2011·浙江高考)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。
13．set
set about (doing) sth.＝set out to do sth.
着手、开始做某事
set aside留出，搁/放在一边
set off出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起
set out (for...)动身去(……)
set up倒立，设立，开办，竖起，支起
(2012·浙江高考)Armed with the information you have gathered，you can set about preparing your business plan.
收集到的信息已备好，你可以开始准备你的商业计划了。
(2013·湖北高考)In much of the animal world，night is the time set aside for sleep—pure and simple.
对大多数动物而言，夜晚就是被腾出来睡觉的时间——纯粹而又简单。
14．turn
turn down拒绝；调低turn in上交
turn out结果是，证明是turn over移交，交给
turn up出现；调高turn off关掉
turn up打开turn away走开
turn to求助于；翻到
(2012·江苏高考)—You look upset.What’s the matter?
—I had my proposal turned down again.
——你看起来很沮丧，怎么了？
——我的提议再次遭到了拒绝。
15．take
take in吸收，接纳，欺骗take on呈现，雇用
take over继承，接管，接替
take up从事，开始，专注于，占去(时间、空间、地位等)
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣帽/鞋)，成名，成功，事业转机，生意起色
(2011·陕西高考)Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。
三、词形相似的动词短语
一些动词短语词形相像，让人眼花缭乱，难以区分。高考试题经常对此设题考查考生的鉴别能力。解题时应仔细辨认，不能急于求成。
多词动词短语多由三个单词构成，因词数多、构词巧而备受高考命题者的重视。常见的多词动词短语见下表
1．词形相近的动词之间辨义。如lie，lay；hanged，hung；rise，arise，raise；sit，seat等。
(1)rise，arise和raise
rise升起，是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen；arise(问题等)出现，是不及物动词，其过去式与过去分词是arose，arisen；raise举起，是及物动词，是规则动词。
(2013·江西高三上学期七校联考)Those who want to say anything more raise your hand and then rise to speak.
想多发言的人举手，然后站起来发言。
(2)sit与seat
sit表示“坐”这一动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated或seat oneself。
2．意义相近的动词之间辨义。如borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。
(2013·天津高考)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to lend a hand.如果你处于困境中，Mike总是乐于帮忙。
3．动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等。
4．意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的意义。如：explain，say；discover，invent，uncover等。
1．(2014·福州市高中毕业班质量检查)Our government’s plan to fight against air pollution will focus on________information and handling PM 2.5.
A．expressing B．representing
C．gathering D．acknowledging
解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：我们政府同空气污染作斗争的计划将以收集信息和控制PM 2.5为重点。express表达；represent代表；gather收集；acknowledge承认，感谢。根据句意可知，应选C。
答案： C
2．(2014·江西师大附中、鹰潭一中高三联考)Considering your income，you should be able
to________at least twenty dollars a week.
A．put forward B．put in
C．put down D．put aside
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：就你的收入而言，你每个星期至少应该存20美元。put forward提出，向前拨；put in安装，插入；put down镇压，记下；put aside储存。根据句意可知D 项正确。
答案： D
3．(2014·江西两所名校考试)Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of consequences it will________.
A．bring out B．bring down
C．bring about D．bring up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：很多人开始反思，我们付出这么多到国外留学是为了什么？这又会带来什么结果？bring about导致，引起，符合句意。bring out出版，使显现；bring down 降低；bring up抚养。
答案： C
4．(2014·山东省胶东示范学校二模)It took him a long time to________the skills he needed to become a professional artist.
A．acquire B．inquire
C．require D．request
解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：他花了很长一段时间才学会成为一名专业艺术家所需要的技能。acquire意为“得到，获得”，符合句意。inquire询问；require需要；request请求。
答案： A
5．(2014·长春市第一次调研)According to the arrangement，the athletes of our school________at the gym for two hours every day.
A．work out B．carry out
C．take in D．set aside
解析：考查动词短语。句意为：根据安排，我们学校的运动员每天在体育馆锻炼两个小时。work out锻炼，符合句意。carry out执行，实施；take in理解，领会；set aside留出，拨出。
答案： A
6．(2014·厦门高三联考)Drinking water，having a healthy diet and taking exercise are all positive ways to ________you when you are working on a tight schedule.
A．relieve B．refresh
C．liberate D．comfort
解析：考查动词。A项意为“缓解，减轻”；B项意为“使恢复精力，使感觉凉爽”；C项意为“使解脱，使解放”；D项意为“安慰”。句意为：当日程安排紧张的时候，喝水，健康饮食和锻炼都是恢复精力的好办法。根据句意可知，应选B项。
答案： B
7．(2014·江西师大附中、鹰潭一中高三联考)Bad habits are no way easy to be________；it needs your determination and perseverance.
A．replaced B．moved
C．removed D．got rid
解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：坏习惯是不太容易被改掉的，它需要你的决心和毅力。replace 替换；move移动；remove去除，去掉，消除；get rid摆脱，接宾语时需要加介词of。根据句意可知C项正确。
答案： C
8．(2014·安徽省芜湖三校一模)If you don’t take time to review each interview you go on，you’re bound to ________the same mistakes.
A．correct B．repeat
C．commit D．improve
解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：然而，如果不花时间去回顾你所经历的每次面试，你一定会再犯同样的错误。repeat重做，符合句意。
答案： B
9．(2014·石家庄市高三模拟)He stood up and________a smile to cover up his disappointment.
A．hid B．managed
C．refused D．brought
解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：他站起来，勉强地露出微笑来掩盖他的失望。hide隐藏；manage勉力完成；refuse拒绝；bring带来。根据句意可知B项正确。
答案： B
10．(2014·山西高三年级第三次四校联考)No matter how much money you possess，it
can’t________a healthy body.
A．compare B．suit
C．defeat D．match
解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：无论你有多少钱，它都比不上一个健康的身体。compare比较，对比；suit适合；defeat打败，战胜。match与……相匹敌，和……不相上下，符合句意。
答案： D
11．(2014·厦门质量检查)If you sit in an office all day long and rarely________，you’re likely to suffer from neck and back pains.
A．cut in B．work out
C．break down D．stay up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果你整天坐在办公室里很少锻炼身体，你可能会遭受颈椎和背部疼痛之苦。此处work out意为“锻炼身体，做运动”，符合句意。cut in插嘴，打断(谈话)；break down(机器等)出故障，(谈判等)失败，受挫；stay up熬夜。
答案： B
12．(2014·江西高三上学期七校联考)—Why didn’t Mr Smith arrive on time for the meeting?
—He must have been________on his way here in the traffic jam.
A．held up B．put up
C．taken up D．given up
解析：考查动词短语。答语意为“他一定是在来这儿的路上被交通堵塞耽搁了。”hold up 表示“延迟，阻碍。后三项分别表示“建造，张贴”“从事，占据”“放弃”。
答案： A
13．(2014·哈尔滨四校高三统一检测)In fact fuels we burn and plant food we eat________their chemical energy in the form of heat.
A．give in B．give off
C．give away D．give up
解析：考查动词短语。句意为：事实上我们烧的燃料和食用的植物性食物都是以热量的形式放出它们所含有的化学能。根据句意可知应选give off，表示“放出，发出”。
答案： B
14．(2014·石家庄质量检测二)To my mind，the secret to happiness________your successful work and your contribution towards others’ happiness.
A．results in B．consists in
C．brings in D．takes in
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在我看来，快乐的秘决在于工作成功，并且帮助他人获得快乐。consist in表示“在于”，符合句意。result in造成，导致；bring in引进；take in吸入，理解。
答案： B
15．(2014·石家庄市高三模拟)A smile________the mother’s face when the son walked onto the platform to receive the prize.
A．lit up B．brought up
C．put up D．took up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当儿子走上台领奖时，妈妈脸上露出了喜色。light up 喜形于色，喜气洋洋；bring up提出，呕吐；put up提高，张贴；take up占用，开始从事。
答案： A
2018高三英语常用动词短语搭配(完美版)
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精品-高中英语语法通霸-5.英语常考短语动词词语搭配专项总结归纳讲解例句与高考真题练习题及答案
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高考英语常用动词短语
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