新目标英语八年级上册单元知识点

新目标八年级（上）重点词组、句型

Unit 1: How often do you exercise?

【重点词汇】

● always, usually , often, sometimes , hardly , ever, never.

●how often, once , twice , three times a week , every day.

●milk, junk food, health, unhealthy, habit, exercise, most, result, try, different

maybe, although, arm, foot, tooth, ear, eye, advice, thirsty ,forget, finish, plan .

【应掌握的词组】

1. go to the movies 去看电影

2. look after = take care of 照顾

3. surf the internet 上网

4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式

5. go skate boarding 去划板

6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康

7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼

8. eating habits 饮食习惯

9. take more exercise 做更多的运动

10. the same as 与什么相同

11. be different from 不同

12. once a month一月一次

13. twice a week一周两次

14. make a difference to 对什么有影响

15. how often 多久一次

16. although = though虽然

17. most of the students=most students

18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物

19. as for至于

20. activity survey活动调查

21. do homework做家庭作业

22. do house work做家务事

23. eat less meat吃更少的肉

24. junk food垃圾食物

25. be good for 对什么有益

26. be bad for对什么有害

27. want to do sth 想做某事

28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事

29. try to do sth 尽量做某事

30. come home from school放学回家

31. of course = certainly = sure当然

32. get good grades取得好成绩

33. some advice

34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不

35. keep/be in good health保持健康

36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的

37. take a vacation 去度假

48.get back 回来

【应掌握的句子】

1. How often do you exercise ? → How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用

Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month .

2. What do you usually do on weekends ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 I usually play soccer .

3. What’s your favorite program ?It’s Animal World .

4. What do students do at Green High School ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。

5. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：

As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。

As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。

6. The results for“ watch TV ” are interesting .

7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：

Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？

The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。

8. She says it’s good for my health .→be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”。其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：

It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。

9. How many hours do you sleep every night ?

10. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .

11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。

试验。

13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. → help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事

14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . → help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级

15. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different ? ＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? → be the same as … / be different from …

16. I think I’m kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种”

17. What sports do you play ?

18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy

19. You must try to eat less meat . → try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事” , 不包含是否成功的意思 / less是little的比较级

20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得） , get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：

It tastes good. 这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

【词语辨析】

一、maybe / may be

1. The baby is crying she is hungry.

2. The woman a teacher .

maybe 是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是..，也许是..，大概是..”.

二、a few / few / a little / little

1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150.

2. There is time left, I don’t catch the first bus.

3. Could you give me milk?

三、none / no one

1、 of the pens are mine .

2、 is in the classroom.

none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who 提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

四、hard / hardly

1. The ground is too to dig

2. I can understand them.

1.表频率的词汇和短语：

always usually often never hardly ever

sometimes seldom once a day twice a month

three times a week every two weeks once in a while

2. 做事情的频率（how often you do things）:

－What do you usually do in the morning?

－I usually read English books. Sometimes I walk in the garden.

I hardly ever exercise. I eat vegetables twice a week, but I never eat junk food.

3. 如何提问频率“多久一次”

－How often does he play tennis?

－He plays tennis every day.

－How often do you drink milk?

－I drink milk once a day.

－How often do they go to the movies?

－Sometimes.

Unit 2 What’s the matter?

●【重点词汇】

● head, nose, eye, ear, tooth, neck, stomach, back, leg, arm, foot, throat

● thirsty, stressed out,/ dentist, lie, rest, honey, water, illness, advice.

● cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, sore throat

【应掌握的词组】

Have a cold 感冒

sore back 背痛

neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进

I have a stomachache 我胃痛

= I have got a stomachache

= There is something wrong with my stomach

= My stomach hurts

= I have (got) a pain in my stomach

What’s the matter? 怎么了？

= What’s the trouble (with you)?

= What’s your trouble?

= What’s wrong (with you)?

= What’ the matter (with yo u)?

=What has happened to you?

= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?

sore throat 咽喉痛

lie down and rest 躺下休息

see a dentist 看牙医

drink lots of water 多喝水

hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶

That’s a good idea 好主意

That’s too bad 太糟糕了

I think so 我认为如此

I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服

= I’m not feeling fine/all right.

= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.

= I don’t feel well.

get some rest 多休息

I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道

stressed out 筋疲力尽

I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了

a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式

traditional Chinese doctors传统中医

a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和

you have too much yin.你阴气太盛

to eat a balance diet饮食平衡

healthy food 健康食品

stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit

enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快

=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun

enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,

enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth

practice doing sth.练习做某事，

mind doing sth. 介意做某事，

finish doing sth.完成某事，

give up doing sth.放弃做某事，

can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，

keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）

be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事

be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事

make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献

go on doing sth. 继续做某事

forget doing sth.忘记做某事

remember doing sth. 记得做某事

spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事

prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）

at the moment = now 此刻

Host family 东道家庭

Conversation practice会话练习

I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过

【应掌握的句子】

1. What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? with为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。

I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache

2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .

3. I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替

4. When did it start ? About two days ago .

5. That’s too bad .

6. I hope you fell better soon . 这里better是well的比较级

7. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy . 这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语

8. Maybe you have too much yin . too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数

9. It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . →It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要

10. Everyone gets tired sometimes . 这里get连系动词，tired是形容词作表语，属系表结构

11. A sore throat can give you a fever . → give sb. sth . = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人

12. Don’t get stressed out. It’s not healthy . 在这里get是连系动词，stressed out是表语

13. I have a tooth ache . I need to see a dentist . → need意思为“需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化

14. Eat a balanced diet to stay healthy . to stay healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语

15. I’m not feeling very well at the moment . at the moment = now

【语法】

1.询问别人身体状况：

What’s wrong with you?

What’s the matter with you?

What’s the trouble?

2. 提出建议（give advice and make suggestions）

－What’s wrong with you?

－I have a headache.

－You should go to bed and have a rest. You shouldn’t work late.

－I have a fever.

－You should drink a lot of water. You shouldn’t be stressed out.

Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?

【重点词汇】

● babysitting, going sightseeing, going fishing

● how long / plan, decide / at home, get back

【应掌握的词组】

1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹

2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶

3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光

4. visit cousins 看望表弟等

5. go to sports camp 去运动野营

6. go to the beach 去海滩

7. go camping 去野营

8. go shopping 去买东西

9. go swimming 去游泳

10. go boating去划船

11. go skating 去溜冰

12. go walking去散步

13. go climbing 去登山

14. go dancing去跳舞

15. go hiking去徒步远足

16. go sightseeing 去观光

17. go house-hunting 去找房子

18. go on a hike 徒步旅行， go bike riding 骑自行车旅行 go fishing 去钓鱼

19. do some shopping 买东西

20. do some washing 洗衣服

21. do some cooking 作饭

22. do some reading 读书

23. do some speaking训练口语

24. do some sewing 做缝纫活

25. that sounds nice 那好极了

26. at home 在家

27. how about=what about ……怎么样？

28. how long 多长时间

29. how far 多远

30. how often 多长时间一次

31. how much, how many 多少

32. have a good time =have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快

33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看

give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，

pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，

sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我

buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书，

make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕

34. get back=come back回来

35. rent videos租借影碟

36. take walks=go for a walk散步

37. think about 考虑

38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划

39. something different 不同的事情

40．a great vacation 一个愉快的假期

41. I can’t wait 我等不及了

42. the famous movie star 著名的影星

43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期

44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划

ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事

45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

【应该掌握的句子】

1. What are you doing for vacation ? I’m babysitting my sister .

Where are you going for vacation ? Italy .

这是现在进行时的一种比较特殊的用法，用来表示按计划或安排要做的事情，现在还没有去做。

2. Who are you going with ? I’m going with my parents . with my parents是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词are going的作用

3. When are you going ? I’m going on Monday .

4. What are you doing there ? I’m going hiking in the mountains .

5. How long are you staying ? Just for four days . I don’t like going away for too long .疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问，在这里是对时间的长短进行提问。

6. Have a good time . = Enjoy oneself . 玩得开心、愉快

7. Show me your photos when we get back to school . →show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某给某人看

8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation . for vacation是介词短语，在这里作目的状语，起修饰谓语动词的作用

9. What’s it like there ?这里like是介词，而不是动词

10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans ? → ask sb. sth . 问某人某事

11. Ben Lambert , the famous French singer , is taking a long vacation this summer ! → take a vacation 度假

12. He thought about going to Greece or Spain , but decided on Canada . → think about 考虑 / decide on 决定这里的about和on都是介词

13. “ I always take vacation in Europe ,” he said . “ This time I want to do something different .” → (1). want to do s th. (2). 修饰不定代词(something , nothing , anything等)的定语常放在不定代词的后面

14. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation . → plan to do sth. 计划做某事

15. I’m planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside .

16. I just finished making my last movies . → finish doing sth. 完成做某事

17. I hear that Thailand is a good place to go sightseeing . to go sightseeing是动词不定式短语，作a good place的后置定语

18. She’s leaving for Hong Kong on Tuesday .→ leave A for B 离开A地去B地

19. I want to ask you about places to visit China . to visit China是动词不定式短语，作places的后置定语

20. I’m planning my vacation to Italy this weekend . to Italy是动词不定式短语，作my vacation 的后置定语

21. What should tourists take with them ? with them是介词短语，在这里作伴随状语，起修饰谓语动词take的作用

22. Where are you leaving from ? leave from 离开某地（注：from是介词）

【语法】

一般将来时：

1. 现在进行时“be+动词ing”可以用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。

－What are you doing for vacation?

－I’m visiting Tibet.

－Where are you going on May Day?

－I’m going to the beach.

－How many students are coming to out party tomorrow?

－Fifty.

2. “be going t o +动词原形”表示主观打算去做某事，表示“人”打算，计划，决定要去做的事。

They are going to travel in China.

Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.

－Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up?

－Yes, I am.

3. 用“shall＋动词原形”或“will＋动词原形”表示一般将来时。

（shall只用于第一人称）

We shall go to the beach this Sunday.

My brother will finish middle school in a year.

These birds won’t fly to the south in winter.

When will they begin the work?

Unit4

【重点词汇】

● get to, how far./ bicycle, subway, car, train.

● bus stop, train station, bus station, subway station

● minute, kilometer, mile, transportation , calendar

【应掌握的词组】

1. get to school 到校

2. get home 到家

3. how about=what about …….怎么样？

4. take the subway 乘地铁

5. ride a bike 骑自行车

6. take the bus乘公共汽车

7. take the train乘火车

8. take a taxi乘坐出租车

9. go in a parent’s car 坐父母的车

10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train

(乘坐……车，放在句尾)

11. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭

12. the early bus 早班车 13. how far多远

14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处

15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money

=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.

=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)

=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.

=sth. costs sb. some time/money

=sb. pay some money for sth.

花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事

16. bus stop公共汽车站，train station火车站，subway station地铁站，bus station客运站

17. want to do sth.想做某事

18. walk to school 步行上学

19. in North America 在北美

20. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区

21. depend on=depend upon 依靠，靠……决定

22. not all 不是所有的

23. need to do sth.需要做某事

24. number of students学生数

25. a number of=many 许多

number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数

26. the number of….的数量，谓语是单数

27. don’t worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心

28. around the world= all over the world世界各地，全世界

【应掌握的句子】

1. How do you get to school ? 疑问词how 在这里是对方式进行提问

I ride my bike / walk / take the subway . By bike / bicycle / bus / train / subway / taxi / air / plane / ship / boat . On foot .

How do I get there ? 因there是副词,所以不能说get to there Don’t worry . Let me look at your map . Ok , first … ,next… . Then … .

2. How long does it take ? 疑问词hwo long是对时间长短或事物的长度提问

It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus .

How long does t take you to get from home to school ?

It takes twenty-five minutes . → take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间做某事

3. Lin Fei’s home is about Kilometers from school .

4. How far is it from your home to school ? It’s three miles .

How far do you live from school ? I live 10 miles from school .

疑问词how far在这里是对距离进行提问

5. In other parts of the world , things are different .

6. In China , it depends on where you are . → depend on视……而定；决定于

7. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .

8. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的

9. Other parts of the world are different from the United States .

10. A small number of students take the subway . → a number of = many 许多

11. What do you think of the transportation in your town ? → think of 对……有某种看法

12. When it rains I take a taxi .

13. I have a map but in Chinese .

14. If you have a problem , you can ask a policeman .

【语法】

谈论如何到达某地，以及以何种方式到达某地。

－How do you get to the museum?

－I get to the museum by subway. Sometimes I ride my bike to the museum.

注意区别：

（1）take the bus = go by bus

eg: I take the bus to get to school.

= I get to school by bus.

take the train = go by train

eg: He takes the train to go to school.

He gets to school by train.

take the subway = go by subway

take a taxi = go by taxi

go in a car = go by car

ride a bike = go by bike

walk = go on foot

How引导的疑问句：

1. How does Lucia get to work? （提问方式“如何”）

2. Dave is going to travel to Paris by plane. How long does it take?

（提问时间长短“多长时间”）

3. How far is it from the post office to the museum?

（提问距离“多远”）

4. How often does Kate swim in the river? （提问频率“多久一次”）

5. How old is the little boy? （提问年龄“多大”）

6. How many cows are there? （提问数量“多少”many后跟可数名词）

7. How much water is there in the bottle?

（提问数量“多少”much后跟不可数名词）

8. How much is the doll?

（提问价钱“多少钱”）

9. How tall is his teacher?

（提问高度“多高”）

10. How was the weather?

（提问程度“怎样”）

Unit 5 Can you come to my party?

【重点词汇】

●today, tomorrow , the day after tomorrow, next week,/ lesson, invitation

【应掌握的词组】

1. come to one’s party 参加某人的聚会

2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午

3. I’d love to 我非常乐意

4. I’m sorry 对不起

5. study for a test为测验而学习

6. go to the doctor 去看医生

7. visit one’s aunt 看望某人的姑姑

8. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课

10. too much homework 太多家庭作业

11. much too interesting 有趣得多

12. maybe another time 也许下一次吧

13.Thanks for asking（inviting）谢谢邀请

14. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛

15. Birthday Party 生日聚会

16. go to the mall 去购物中心

17. soccer practice 足球练习

18. look for 寻找

19. find out 找到，弄清楚，查明

20. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习

21. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球

22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙

23. football match足球比赛

24. my cousin’s birthday party 我表弟的生日聚会

25. write soon 尽快回信

26. study for my science test 为科学考试而学习

27. 给某人打电话的几种说法：

call sb. up, call sb.

phone sb., phone to sb.

telephone sb. telephone to sb.

phone sb. Up ,ring sb.

give sb. a ring,

give sb. a phone

make a telephone call to sb.

28. on Thursday night 星期四晚上

29. be (go) on vacation 度假

30. next week下周

31. join sb.加入某人一起

32. Please keep quiet! 请保持安静,

keep+形容词表示“保持某种状态”，

keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“（使某人）不停地做某事”，

keep sth. 保存某物

34. culture club 文化俱乐部

35. try to do sth. 努力（企图）做某事,

try doing sth.试着做某事,try one’ best to do sth. 尽力做某事

【应掌握的句子】

Sure , I’d love(like) to . / I’m sorry , I can’t . I have to help my parents .

Can you play tennis with me ?

情态动词can在这里起征求对方意见的作用。

2. I have too much homework this weekend . too much后跟不可数名词；too many后跟可数名词复数

3. That’s too bad .

4. Maybe another time .

asking . for介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词

6. Come and have fun . / Come and join us .

7. On Wednesday , I’m playing tennis with the school team .

8. I have to study for my science test on Thursday . have to强调客观原因；而must强调主观原因

9. Pl ease keep quiet ! I’m trying to study .→ try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事” , 不包含是否成功的意思

10. Do you want to come to my birthday party ? → want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”

11. Li Lei is going fishing with grandpa the whole day . the whole day = all day 整天

12. Can you come over to my house ?

13. I’m free till 22:00 .

【语法】

情态动词“can”表示可能性，或现在决定将来的事。

练习用“Can …? ”发出邀请，接受或拒绝并给出原因：

－Can you come to my party on Monday?

－Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for a test.

－Can she go to the movies?

－No, s he can’t. She has to do her homework.

－Can he go to the football game tomorrow?

－No, he can’t. He has a driving lessons.

－Can they go to the concert tonight?

－No, they can’t. They are visiting their uncle.

unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

●【重点词汇】

● more, than,/ more athletic, more popular,/ twin, both, be good at

● taller, shorter, thinner, longer, heavier ,calmer, wilder, quieter, funnier,smarter

【应掌握的词组】

1. long hair 长头发

2. How are you? 你身体好吗？

3. How old 多大年纪

4. how tall 多高

5. how long ago多久前（的事）

6.more outgoing 比较外向

7. want/plan to do sth. 意欲，企图

8. here are photos of me 这是我的照片

9. as you can see 正如你所看到的

10. in some ways在某些地方

11. we look the same我们看起来一样，

They look different他们看起来不同

12. the same to ……多……是一样的

13. quite the same 完全一样

14. all the same 还是，同样应……

15. look like 看起来像….一样，而look same 看起来很像

16. go to lots of parties经常参加聚会=often go to the party

17. a little taller 高一点

18. take sth. from sth. 从某处拿/取出某物

19. put sth. in sth. 将某物放入某物中

20. make a list of 列出清单

21. has cool clothes 有漂亮的衣服

22. is popular in school 在学校受欢迎

23. is good at sports 擅长体育

24. make me laugh 使我发笑

25. that’s not very important for me 那对我来说并不重要

( be important for sb.)

26. put up举起，抬起，挂起，张贴，建造；

put on穿上，戴上，上演（戏剧）；

put down=write down=copy down 写下来；

put out 伸出，扑灭；

put away 收起来，收好；

put off推迟；

put one’s heart into…全神贯注于……,全身心投入……

27. opposite views 相反的观点

28. a weekend teacher 周末教师

29. Abacus Study Center 珠算研究中心

30. elementary school students 小学生

31. be good with children 善于与孩子相处

32. have good grades 成绩出色

33. enjoy telling jokes 喜欢讲笑话

34. can’t stop talking 不能停止讲话

35. help others 帮助别人,help each other互相帮助

36. in one’s free time在业余时间

37. one of +复数名词（代词）……其中之一

38. use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用…做…

39. be/feel sorry for sb. 为某事感到同情或难受;

be / feel sorry for sth. 因某事感到抱歉或后悔；

be sorry +to see/hear 听到或看到某种情况很不安或难过；

say sorry to sb.向某人道歉

40. begin with 从……开始

41. next to 在……旁边，紧靠……

42. be famous for 因… 而著名，因……而广为人知；

be famous as 作为……而知名

43. all together 总计，总共

44. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事，

相似的用法有几个感官动词see, let, hear, watch, feel等

【应该掌握的句子】

1. I’m more outgoing than my sister .→ 主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较对象

2. As you can see , in some ways we l ook the same , and in some ways we look different .

3. However , we both enjoy going to parties . → enjoy doing sth. = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

4. Liu Li has more than one sister . more than 不止

5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common . → in common （团体）共同的；公有的

6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as …as 和……一样（其中as…as之间的形容词必须用原级）；它的否定式是：not as(so) … as

7. Liu Ying talks more than Liu Li . 这里more是much的比较级，而不是many的比较级

8. Both girls go to lots of parties . lots of = a lot of 许多

9. My friend is the same as me . → be the same as … 与……一样 / be different from …与……不同

10. I think a good friend makes me laugh. → make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

11. For me , a good friend likes to do the same things as me . → like to do sth.

12. That’s not very important for me ….

13. What’s your opinio n ?

14. Should friends be different or the same ? same前常有定冠词the

15. I like to have friends who are like me . / I like to have friends who are different from me . → like to do sth.中的like 是动词,意思是“ 喜欢”；而are like me 中的like 是介词，意思是“ 像”。要注意区别like的词性。

16. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class .

17. We both like doing the same things . → like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

18. Who do you think should get the job , Ruth or Rose ?

19. You must be good with children / enjoy telling jokes . → be good with sb. 对某人好；与某人相处融洽 / enjoy doing = like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

20. He can’t stop talking . → stop doing sth. 意为“ 停止（正在）做的事情” ，doing在句中是stop的宾语。如：When the teacher came in , the students stopped talking and laugh . 老师走了进来，学生们停止了谈笑。 / stop to do sth. 意为“ 停下（正在做的事）去做某事”，动词不定式短语to do sth.在句中作动词 stop 的目的状语。如：He stopped to write a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作，给她写信。

21. He always helps others .

22. She likes to stay at home and read . → like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 / stay at home 呆在家里

1．What are you doing for vacation? I’m b abysitting my sister.

假期你要做什么？我要照顾我的妹妹。

2．Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.

你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。

3．When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.

4．I’m going to Tibet for a week. 我要去西藏一周。

5．What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.

你在那里要做什么？我要在山区里远足。

6．Show me your photos when we get back to school.

我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。

7．Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.

你要去哪度假？我要去夏威夷度假。

8. I’m going to Hawaii for vacation in December,and I’m staying for three weeks.我要在12月去夏威夷度假，在那里呆3个星期。

9．What is it like there? 那里什么样子？

10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans?

我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗？

11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.

他考虑去希腊或西班牙，但是最后他决定去加拿大。

12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.

他将在6月的第一个星期动身，一直呆到9月。

13. Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave.

你离开时，请别忘记关门。

14．She couldn’t wait to get home to see he parents.

她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。

【词语辨析】

一、how long / how far

how long多长，用来询问时间，指时间上的长短。How far多远，用来询问距离，指路上的远近。

1、 is it from your home to school?

2、 does it take them to clean the classroom?

二、get / arrive / reach

1、I often to school by bike.

2、She will in Beijing in a week.

3、They Shanghai the day before yesterday.

三、have / must

两者都有“必须”的意思，它们的基本区别是：have to 表示客观上的义务；而must则表示主观上的意愿或需要。

1、We eat more vegetables.

2、I want to play games, but I look after my sister.

四、too much / much too

too much 是用too来修饰much，加深much的程度，意思是“太多”，作定语时，后接不可数名词。much too是用much来增强too的语气，意思是“太...”,后面常接形容词。

1、The boy is fat, he eats food.

2、Mother has housework to do, so she is busy every day.

【语法】

形容词比较级：

形容词比较级是用来表示事物的等级差别。

I. 形容词比较级的构成：

规则变化：

1. 一般单音节词末尾加－er。

tall－taller great－greater

2. 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以－le结尾的双音节词只加－r。

nice－nicer large－larger able－abler

3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加－er。

big－bigger hot－hotter

4. “辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加－er。

easy－easier busy－busier

5. 少数以－er，－ow结尾的双音节词末尾加－er.

clever－cleverer narrow－narrower

6. 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more来构成比较级。

important－more important beautiful－more beautiful

不规则变化：

good－better well（健康的）－better

bad－worse ill－worse

old－older / elder many－more

much－more little（少的）－less

far（远的）－farther / further

II. 比较级句型：

1. 比较级＋than … …比…较为

A ＋动词＋形容词比较级＋than＋B.

两者相比较，A比B更…一些。

I am older than you.

Mary is happier than Jane.

His brother is younger than I（me）.

Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.

My sister has longer hair than Tara.

Her mother is thinner than her father.

Jack is taller than Tom.

2. as…as

A+动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.表示A和B两者比较，程度相同，“…和…相同”。

My uncle is as tall as your father.

Tom is as honest as John.

My dog is as old as that one.

A…＋not＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B 表示A，B两者程度不同，即A不如B那么…

My uncle is not as tall as your father.

Tom is not as honest as John.

This jacket is not as cheap as that one.

3. the same as 与…相同。

My friend is the same as me. We are both quiet.

A good friend likes to do the same things as me.

Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk smoothie?

【重点词汇】

●turn on, cut up, peel, pour, put, mix up,/ how much, how many, amount ● milk smoothie, yogurt watermelon, ingredient, sauce, popcorn

●blender, teaspoon, cup,/ first, then, next

●sandwich, lettuce, relish, turkey, bread

【应掌握的词组】

1. make a banana smoothie 制作香蕉混合饮料(思木西)

2. peel the bananas 剥香蕉

3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉

4. pour the milk in the blender 将牛奶倒入搅拌器

5. turn on the blender 打开搅拌器电源

6. put the yogurt in the blender将酸奶放入搅拌器

7. turn off 关上,(turn on 打开)

turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），

turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点

8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂

9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂

10. make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉

11. two pieces of bread 两片面包

12. mix it all up 将它们混合在一起

14. turkey slices 火鸡肉片, a slice of bread一片面包

13. takes turns doing sth,

take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 轮流做某事

15. slices of duck 烤鸭片

16. roll pancake 卷上薄饼

17. make faces 作鬼脸

make friends with 与……交朋友

make a noise吵闹, make mistakes犯错误,

make the bed整理床铺

make one’s way to往…走去,

make room for给…腾出地方

18. it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易

it’s hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难，

It’s necessary to do sth.做某事必要

19. put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列

20. a recipe for ……的烹调方法, ……的菜

【应掌握的句子】

1．How do you make a banana smoothie? 如何制作香蕉思木西？

2．Describe a process and follow instructions. 描述过程，按说明做。

3．Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒入果汁机。

4．How many bananas do we need? 我们需要多少个香蕉？

5．Then compare lists with another student.

然后和另一个学生的清单进行比较。

6．I need some help.我需要一些帮助。

【语法】

1. 可数名词和不可数名词（Countable noun and Uncountable noun. ）

从名词的数上划分，英语名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词的单数可以与冠词a/an 连用。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能与a / an 连用。在这里，我们重点讲述不可数名词。

（1）不可数名词包括各种物质的统称。

eg. bread 面包stone石头beer啤酒water水

cream奶油wood木头jam果酱ice 冰

paper纸oil油soap肥皂glass玻璃

tea茶gold黄金

（2）抽象名词也是不可数名词

advice 主意/忠告

death死亡

beauty美丽、漂亮

help帮助

（3）在英文中下列名词也是不可数名词

baggage 行李furniture家具

weather气候information信息

knowledge知识news新闻

（4）不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与a / an 连用，在前面往往加上some（一些），any （任何）, no （没有），a little （少许）等词，或与量词搭配，组成短语。

eg. <1>I don't want any advice or help . I want some information.

<2>a piece of news . 一条消息

a drop of oil? 一滴油

a cake of soap 一块肥皂

a cup of tea 一杯茶

two slices of bread 两片面包

three teaspoons of mayonnaise 三茶匙蛋黄酱

（5）英语名词的可数或不可数，不要从汉语本身去理解，要根据英语的习惯和特点判断、记忆。例如：money 是不可数名词，dollar则是可数名词。

eg. I have much money . 我有许多钱

He has many dollars 他有许多美元。

（6）有些词即是可数名词，又是不可数名词。

如hair 指一个人头上的全部头发时，是不可数名词；如果指每一根毛发时，就是可数的，可以说one hair , two hairs .

eg. Her hair is black . Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out.

她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根白发就将它拔掉。

2. 祈使句的使用

祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。没有主语，动词用原形。否定的祈使句要在动词前加Don't构成。

Stand up , Please ! 请起立。

Don't wake me up tomorrow morning . 明天早上别叫醒我。

Hurry up , or you will be late . 赶紧一点，否则你会迟到的。

Don't run in the hallways . 在走廊上不能跑。

Peel the apple , please . 给苹果削皮。

Exercise : 汉译英

（1）切碎三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。

（2）把水果放进一个碗里。

（3）放两茶匙肉桂和一杯酸奶。

（4）把所有的东西混在一起搅拌。

Keys :

<1>Cup up three bananas , three apples and a watermelon.

<2>Put the fruit in a bowl.

<3>Put in two teaspoons of cinnamon and a cup of yogurt .

<4>Mix it all up .

3. 学习陈述一个过程及一些副词first , next , then . finally 的使用。

在生活中，我们经常要向别人讲述一件事情发生的经过，或者讲述做事的先后顺序。也就是叙述一个过程，恰当的使用first , next , then , 和finally ，既能使说话人喘口气，又能使听话者感到句子的连贯性。

First ...（首先...），Next ...（接下来...）

Then ...（然后...），Finally ...（最后...）

eg. A: How do you make chicken Sandwich ?

B: Well , first , put the mayonnaise on a slice of bread . Then cut up an onion and a tomato. Add these to the sandwich . Next , put some lettuce and the chicken slices on the sandwich . Put the relish on the chicken . Finally , put another slice of bread on top .

A: It must be delicious .

Thank you for telling me .

4. How many 和How much .

二者的意思均是"多少"，用法稍有不同。

How many 后面接可数名词，How much 后面接不可数名词

eg. （1）How many apples do we need to make fruit salad ?

Three .

我们需要多少个苹果做水果沙拉？三个。

（注意：How many 后面接可数名词的复数。）

（2）How much yogurt do you put in the smoothie ?

Two cups of yogurt .

你在饮料里面放了多少酸奶？

两杯酸奶。

5. cut 切，割，剪，割破

cut up 切碎、粉碎、捣毁

eg. I cut my finger when I cooked dinner yesterday.

昨天我做晚饭时割破了手指。

The butcher cut up the meat .

屠夫把肉切碎。

6. add...to把...加到...上

eg. If you add 5 to 6 , you get 11. 五加六得十一。

Please add turkey slice to the sandwich .

请把火鸡片加到三明治里。

Unit 8 How was your school trip?

【重点词汇】

● aquarium, science center, gift shop,/ seal, shark, octopus

●ate, took, hung out, got,/ go for a drive, sleep late, yard sale, day off

【应掌握的词组】

1. talk about 谈论，talk over谈论

2. give a talk 作报告

3. have a talk to (with) sb.与某人谈话

4. go to the beach去海滩

5. have ice cream吃冰淇淋

6. go to the zoo去动物园

7. go to the aquarium去水族馆

8. hang o ut with one’s friends和朋友闲逛

9. take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相

10. buy a souvenir买纪念品

11. have pizza吃比萨饼

12. a famous actor著名的演员

13. get one’s autograph得到了某人的亲笔签名

14. win a prize赢得奖品（奖项）

15. at the aquarium 在水族馆

16. have a great time玩得高兴，过得愉快

17. on the school trip在学校的旅游

18. Blue Water Aquarium蓝色水族馆

19. the Visitors’ Center游客中心

20.a dolphin show海豚表演

21. after that 后来

22. at the end of…在……结束的时候，在……的尽头

23. the Gift Shop礼品店

24. at the beginning of…在..开始的时候

25. a terrible school trip糟糕的学校旅行

26. that sounds interesting那听起来很有趣

27. make up a story编一个故事

28. go for a drive 开车兜风

30. in the rain在雨中

in the dark在黑暗中\

in the sun在阳光下

in the snow在雪中

31. take notes of=write down=copy down 写下，记下

32. have fun doing sth.很快乐的做某事

33. play computer games打电脑游戏

34. for sale 供销售

35. see you soon盼望很快见到你

36. in one’s opinion据某人看来,某人的观点上看

37. win the first prize获得了一等奖

38.a famous basketball player著名的篮球运动员

39. in the future在将来，今后

40. can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事

41. the story goes that…据说……

42. a busy day off 繁忙的假日，

in one’s off hours在某人的休息时间

the off season淡季

43. none of… ……当中没有一个

44. a heavy rain 一阵大雨

a light rain一阵小雨

a fine rain 一阵细雨

44. all day = all day long 整天

all night = all night long整夜

【应掌握的句子】

1. How was your school trip? 你的学校旅行怎么样？

2. Talk about events in the past.谈谈过去的事件。

3. Were there any sharks? No, there weren’t any sharks, but there were some really sma rt seals.有鲨鱼吗？不，没有鲨鱼，但是看见了一些非常伶俐的海豹。

4. What else did you do? 你还做了别的什么事情吗？

5. Finally, they took the school bus back to school.最后他们乘坐公共汽车返回学校。

6. At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the students cleaned the bus after the trip.

在哪天结束的时候，自然老师很高兴，因为学生们在旅游之后把汽车打扫了一遍。

7.The students had a terrible school trip.学生们度过了一次很糟糕的学校旅行。

8.They took the subway back to school.他们乘坐地铁回到学校。

9.She lives in California. The weather was beautiful.她住在加利福尼亚,天气很好。

10. On my next day off, I don’t want to go for a drive. That sounds really boring.

在我的下次假日，我不想开车兜风。那听起来真的很烦人。

11. Did you have fun camping?你的野营过得愉快吗？

12. No one came to the sale because the weather was so bad.

没有人来购买，因为天气是如此的糟糕。

【语法】

复习一般过去时

一般过去时主要用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1978, a moment ago, just now.

a. be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。

b.实义动词过去式的句式。①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。

如：They had a good time yesterday.

②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：They didn't watch TV last night.

③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didn't.

如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didn't.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework? 关于过去式的规则变化

规则动词过去式的变化可速记为"直"、"去"、"双"、"改"四字诀。

①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。

③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。

规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[Id]。

①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [F] [tF]等后，ed要读[t]。如：worked，finished。

②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后，ed要读[d]。如：lived，called。

③[t]或[d]后，ed读[Id]。如：started，needed。

不规则动词的变化有许多，在这个单元中我们首先应记住以下几个：

1. go －went

2. take－took

3. have－had

4. buy－bought

5. eat－ate

6. see－saw

7. hang－hung（悬挂）

8. meet－met 9. win－won（赢得）

10. sleep－slept 11. put－put

12. come－came 13. wake－woke（醒）

14. read－read

Unit 9 When was he born?

【重点词汇】

● achievement, record,/ first went, first had

● skater, violinist, pianist, /start, stop

● talented, loving, creative, outstanding, unusual

【应掌握的词组】

1. ping-pong player乒乓球运动员

2. a great Chinese ping-pong player中国杰出的乒乓球运动员

3. start hiccupping 开始打嗝

4. too… to…太……，而不……

5. write music谱写曲子

6. a movie star电影明星

7. learn to ride a bicycle学会骑自行车

8. start learning开始学英语

9. begin playing sports 开始进行体育运动

10. a loving grandfather慈爱的祖父

11. spend all one’s free tim e with sb.与某人一起度过了所有的业余时间

12. a famous violinist 著名的小提琴手

13. ice skating滑冰

14. a kind and loving grandmother和蔼而慈爱的祖母

15. a skating champion 滑冰冠军

16. the famous Chinese pianist中国著名的钢琴演奏家

17. a small boy(girl)孩提时期

18. at the age of…在……年龄时

19. take part in参加、加入

20. begin to learn the accordion开始学习手风琴

21. major in 主修，专修

22. start for a place=leave for a place动身去…

23. because of 因为、由于

【应掌握的句子】

1．When was he born？他是什么时候出生的？

2．Who’s that? That’s Deng Yap, , ing. She is a great Chinese ping-pong player.

那是谁？是邓亚萍。她是中国一位杰出的乒乓球运动员。

3．How long did Charles Osborne hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years 5 months.

查里斯˙奥斯本打嗝打了多长时间？他打了69年零5个月。

4．You are never too young to start doing things.你永远不会小到不能做事情的地步。

5．Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old.

泰戈伍德在只有10个月大的时候开始玩高尔夫球。

6．Who is Shirley Temple? 坦普尔是谁？

She’s a movie star. 雪利她是一电影明星。

When did she became a movie star? 她何时成为明星的？

She became a movie when she was three years old. 她3岁的时候.

7．It was a comedy called “How Alone”.这是一部叫“小鬼当家” 的喜剧。

8．Arthur is a loving grandfather. He spends all his free time with his grandchildren.

阿瑟是一位慈爱的祖父。他与他的孙子、孙女一起度过了他所有的业余时间。

9．She toured the U.S. when she was fourteen.他14岁的时候就在美国做巡回表演了。

10. When he was a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music.

在他还是一个小孩子的时候，他就能哼唱歌曲和难的乐曲。

15．Who is the greatest man alive?谁是当今最伟大的人？

16. My mother bought a live fish.我妈妈买了一条活鱼。

17. The living people are more important.活着的人更重要。

【语法】

1.When was he born? 他什么时候出生的？

He was born in 1895. 他出生于1895年。

be born 意为"出生"，后面加介词短语"in 1895". 这实际上是被动语态，结构为"be+动词的过去分词"表示"主语被...."在句中，人是被生出的，因此用被动态，born原形是bear，意为产生、生育。

2. start doing sth. start to do sth. begin to do sth 都可以表示开始做某事。

start意为"开始"后接名词，动名词或动词不定式。

eg: The old men started singing / to sing.

老人们开始唱歌。

They started the party with dancing.

他们以跳舞来开始这个晚会。

另外，start还有"开动、发动、创办、出发"等词义。

eg: My father couldn't start the car.