同济大学2006年博士研究生入学考试试题
Directions:
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then put a v in the corresponding place on the Answer Sheet..
1. How can personal income tax be levied to _____ as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State finances do not suffer too much?
A. interest
B. benefit
C. profit
D. concern
2. To fund the ____ event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department .
A. beneficent
B. expensive
C. costly
D. luxurious
3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are ______ by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. ~
A. outdone
B. outweighed
C. outrun
D. outrivaled
4. This is an alarming realization as natural resources and the environment are being ;
degraded and ____ at a record pace.
A. wasted
B. reconstructed
C.destructed
D. reversed
5. The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the _____ of the Russian winter.
A. severity
B. consequence
C. influence
D. threat
6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to _____its 90,000-person workforce into independent
microteams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions.
A. break out
B. break off
C. break from
D. break down
7. Most environmental ____ — from climate changes to freshwater and forest habitat loss — have become markedly worse.
A. symptoms
B. highlights
C. indicators
D. symbols
8. What we call nature is, _____, the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and natural forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each other and upon their places
A. in common sense
B. from a sense
C. by the sense
D. in a sense
9. Although the "on line" life style has dominated the majority of city youth, most people in the remote countryside still think Internet or something is ____ to their
A. unconcerned
B. irrelevant
C. inseparable
D. inaccessible
10. ____ near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native
A. Possessing
B. Acquiring
C. Apprehending
D. Interpreting
11. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, ____ the postal service is less efficient.
A. where
B. since
C. that
D. whereas
12. The board of directors have already discussed the subject ____ in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects.
A. in place
B. at length
C. on end
D. off and on
13. Reflecting on our exploration , we also discovered that people will exploit the newness, vagueness, and breadth of the information Marketplace to support their wishes and predilections, ____ they may be.
A. whatsoever
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. which
14. The World Bank is taking steps to ____ its lending to reducing poverty in the GO~]a'TVEi
Third World Countries.
A. orient
B. tailor
C.adapt
D. adjust
15. Total investments for this year reached $56 million, and to put this into ____investments this year will double those made in 1997.
A. sight y
B. vision
C.perspective
D. horizon
16. The year of 776 B.C. is considered to be the founding date of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The Games lasted more than 11 centuries ____ they were banned in 393 A.D.
A. when
B. after
C. as
D. until
17. As did his ____ Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, and Henry Ford, Thomas Edison profoundly transformed the Western World. .
A. contemporaries
B. part-owners
C. companions
D. accomplices
18. In a world where information is a flood — ____ to everyone, and where nothing is secret or proprietary — the only organizations and managers who will thrive are those who can quickly wade into the water, harness what they need, and then add value to it through speedy, innovative business decisions.
A. acceptable
B. available .
C.accessible
D.attainable
19. The car pollutes, but advances in fuel quality and efficiency, and in microprocessed engine technology, have radically cu
A.releases
B. emissions
C. poisons
D. contamination
20. If humans use up too much soil - which they have often done and are doing - then they will starve down to the carrying capacity of their habitat.
A. flexibility
B. justice
C. plasticity
D. sensibility
21.Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. The process of species' making chemical energy is similar to the process combustion.
B. The process of species' making chemical energy is less complicated than the process of combustion.
C. Fire is a portable, inanimate source of energy.
D. Man sometimes makes use of energy available in the bodies of stronger species.
22. From the passage we know ___.
A. fire made human beings free from bacterial and parasitic infestation
B. fire enabled human beings to deal with immediate emergencies more efficiently
C. fire made some animals frightened _
D. fire helped human beings change their eating habits completely
23. Judging from the context, the phrase "hand-to-mouth" (Para 5) most probably means___
A. adventurous
B. unhappy
C. wandering
D. unstable
24. The point of similarity between a complex, human society and a complex bee society is ___
A. the division of labor
B.the use of fire
C. the development of industry
D. the development of a written language 25 .According to the passage, insect societies ___.
A. are governed by the instincts of insects
B. are not fundamentally different from human societies
C. are composed of individuals of the same type
D. are as not warlike as human beings
Passage Two
26.The writer holds that ___
A. modem technology has disturbed the quiet life of the people
B. modem technology has made people indifferent to noise pollution
C. modem technology has made the present world quieter than before
D. modem technology has failed to solve the problem of noise pollution
27. According to the passage, an active noise-cancellation system ___.
A. contains noise rather than negates it
B. eliminates noise rather than muffles it
C. deflects noise rather than baffles it
D. holds noise back rather than stifles it
28. In Paragraph 5 the word " buffs" means
A. settlers
B. enthusiasts
C. buyers
D. manufacturers
29. Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?
A. In the past, people sometimes plugged their ears to fight against the offending s noise.
B. An active noise-cancellation system follows the principle of a wave being flattened by meeting its exact opposite.
C. The first active noise-cancellation system was made in the 1930s,
D. Active noise-cancellation systems are no w- available on the market.
30. Active noise-cancellation systems require ___.
A. microphones
B. microprocessors
C. loudspeakers
D. all of the above Passage Three
31 .The primary purpose of the passage is to explain
A. the background and career of the astronomer Henrietta Leavitt
B. how and why various categories of stars vary in brightness
C. important uses of the camera as an astronomical tool
D. how a particular method of measuring astronomical distances was created
32. According to the passage, the absolute brightness of a cepheid variable ____.
A. depends upon its measurable distance from an observer on earth
B. may be determined from the length of its cycle of variation
C. changes from time to time according to a regular and predictable pattern
D. indicates the strength of the gravitation force exerted by the star
33. Which of the following did Leavitt's work provide astronomers with the means of determining?
A. The absolute brightness of any observable cepheid variable.
B. The apparent brightness of any object at a given distance from an observer.
C. The distance from earth of any galaxy containing an observable cepheid variable.
D. Both A and C.
34. Cepheid variable of great absolute brightness would probably exhibit ____.
A. a relatively rapid variation in brightness
B. a correspondingly weak gravitational force
C. slow and almost invisible changes in brightness
D. a strong outward flow of light pressure
35. The passage implies that Leavitt's work on cepheid variables would not have been possible without the availability of____.
A. the camera as a scientific tool
B. techniques for determining the distances between stars
C. a method of measuring a star's gravitational force
D. an understanding of the chemical properties of stars Passage four
36. Opponents of the retirement policy say ____
A. it gives more leisure to old people than they know how to use
B. it costs too much money in the form of retirement pensions
C. it is too rigid and flexibility should be integrated into it
D. retirement should be practiced only in the public sector
37. What happened in 1986?
A. Retirement stopped being practiced.
B. Age limitation in retirement was abolished.
C. Age discrimination was legally abolished.
D. Retired people were no longer entitled to pensions.
38.Empirical studies indicate that old people ____.
A. are less productive than younger people
B. prefer working to retiring
C. are reliable workers
D. are less dependable
39. Industrial gerontology is concerned with ____.
A. how to mange older workforce
B. finding out how productive older workers can be
C. how to meet the challenge of the future
D. finding out what kind of people can stay after the retirement age
40. Which of the following might lead to work life extension?
A. Retraining of old people in modem skills.
B. The trend toward early retirement.
C. The expansion of agriculture and manufacturing industry.
D. The declining younger labor force.
Passage Five
41. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle-Easterners would most probably ____.
A. stand still
B. jump aside
C. step forward
D. draw back
42.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ____.
A. cultural self-centeredness
B. casual manners
C. indifference towards foreign visitors
D. arrogance toward other cultures
43. In countries other than their own most Americans ____.
A. are isolated by the local people
B. are not well informed due to the language barrier
C. tend to get along well with the natives
D. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
44. According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will____.
A. affect their image in the new era
B. cut themselves off from the outside world
C. limit their role in world affairs
D. weaken the position of the US dollar
45. The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that
A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C. it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D. it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
III. Translation 20%
IV. Writing
2006考试答案
I. V ocabulary 10%
I-5 BCACA 6-10 DCDBA
II-15 DBBAC 16-20 DACBB
II. Reading Comprehension
21-25 BCDAA 26-30 ABBCD 31-35 DBDDA 36-40 CACAD 41-45 DABCD
III. Translation 20%
几年前，富国在与发展中国家经济交往中所担心的是那些贫穷国家不能从中获利。北部强大的工业与南部弱小的血汗工厂之间互通有无的条件严重失衡，结果双方的经贸往来只能是一方剥削另一方。全球化不仅不能帮助贫穷国家，反而只会加重这些国家的贫穷。目前这种恐惧已被另一种势均力敌的相反的悲观情绪所取代，即与发展中国家的经贸往来会使今日的富国陷入贫困之中。
这种新的恐慌比前一种更加危险。前者还心照不宣地承认如果切断与第三世界国家的联系，那么工业国家将会遭受损失。有鉴于此，限制与发展中国家的贸易在北部还将是一场艰苦的斗争。现在那些反对进一步经济融合的人占了上风，重大经济利益驱使富国保护其工业不受新的攻击。与前一种恐惧不同，这种观点可能会被接受。
如同前一种恐惧，这种新的恐惧表达了一种信念：世界上一个地区的发展必定是以牺牲另一个地区为代价的。这是一种根深蒂固的偏见，并且大错特错，因为几乎整个世界都比30年前繁荣昌盛。发展是一个共同前进的问题。
与前一种错误观点遥相呼应的是第二种错误观点一一可供分配的工作只有这么多。新技术淘汰一些工作，或者增加进口廉价商品的数量导致其他一些工作不划算，那么后果必定是失业率的永远上升。然而，略加思考就会发现这种观点是错误的。
两种谬论的核心是对市场经济的适应能力视而不见。